Final Exam Study Guide

Timeline for manic episode

1 week or more

Depressants ("downers") examples (3)

1. Alcohol 2. Opioids 3. Sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics

Schizophrenia treatments (5)

1. Antipsychotic medication 2. Psychosocial therapy 3. CBT 4. Mindfulness training 5. Family communication and education

Dramatic, emotional, or erratic personality disorders (4)

1. Antisocial 2. Borderline 3. Histrionic 4. Narcissistic

Cognitive symptom problems of schizophrenia (3)

1. Attention 2. Memory 3. Difficulty in developing a plan of action

Anxious or fearful personality disorders (3)

1. Avoidant 2. Dependent 3. Obsessive-compulsive

Negative symptoms (4)

1. Avolition 2. Alogia 3. Asociality 4. Restricted affect

Dimensions of the multipath model (4)

1. Biological 2. Psychological 3. Social 4. Sociocultural

Treatment options for AN and BN (7)

1. CBT 2. DBT 3. Exposure-response prevention (ERP) 4. Family therapy 5. Maudsley family therapy (FBT) 6. EMDR 7. Nutritional counseling

Stimulants ("uppers") examples (3)

1. Caffeine 2. Amphetamines 3. Cocaine

For personality disorders, the individual must display a long-term, rigid, and wide-ranging pattern of inner experience and behavior that leads to the dysfunction of at least two of the following: (4)

1. Cognition 2. Emotion 3. Social interactions 4. Impulsivity

AN symptoms (3)

1. Concerns about weight and shape 2. Restrict food intake 3. High constraint

Bipolar I symptoms for depression (2)

1. Considerable weight change or appetite change 2. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt

Binge eating disorder (2)

1. Consuming large amounts of food in one given time period 2. Not stopping when full (emotional hunger 3. Feelings of guilt, shame, or depression after eating

Positive symptoms (4)

1. Delusions 2. Hallucinations 3. Disorganized thought and speech 4. Grossly abnormal psychomotor behavior

Alzheimer's disease symptoms (2)

1. Displays major or mild neurocognitive disorder 2. Memory impairment

Externalizing disorders of childhood (3)

1. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder 2. Oppositional defiant disorder 3. Conduct disorder

For ASD, the individual displays significant restriction and repetition in two or more behaviors, interests, or activities, including (4)

1. Exaggerated and repeated speech patterns, movements, or object use 2. Inflexible demands for same routines, statements, and behaviors 3. Highly restricted, fixated, and overly intense interests 4. Over- or under-restrictions to sensory input from the environment

Narcissistic personality disorder symptoms (4)

1. Exaggerated sense of self-importance 2. Grandiose 3. Require much admiration 2. Feel no empathy with others

Social dimension of mental health diagnosis (3)

1. Family 2. Relationships 3. Social support

Gamer stereotypes (4)

1. Gaming is a guy thing 2. Gaming makes you violent 3. Gamers are lazy and have no future goals 4. Gamers only like one type of game

Biological dimension of mental health diagnosis (3)

1. Genetics 2. Brain anatomy 3. Biochemical imbalances

Delusional themes of schizophrenia (6)

1. Grandeur 2. Control 3. Thought broadcasting 4. Persecution 5. Reference 6. Thought withdrawal

Bipolar I symptoms for mania (2)

1. Grandiosity or overblown self-esteem 2. Increased talkativeness

Borderline personality disorder symptoms (5)

1. Great instability 2. Major shifts in mood 2. Unstable self-image 4. Impulsivity 5. May self-harm

BN symptoms (3)

1. Impulsivity 2. Emotional dysregulation 3. Mood swings

Progression from substance use to abuse (4)

1. Individual decides to experiment with drugs 2. Drugs begin to serve an important purpose; consumption continues 3. Brain chemistry becomes altered from chronic use 4. Lifestyle changes occur due to chronic abuse

For major neurocognitive disorder (dementia), the individual must display a substantial decline in at least one of the following areas of cognitive function (6)

1. Memory and learning 2. Attention 3. Perceptual motor skills 4. Planning and decision-making 5. Language ability 6. Social awareness

Similarities between brief psychotic disorder and schizophreniform disorder (2)

1. Neither requires impairment in social or occupational functioning 2. Diagnoses are often considered provisional diagnoses

Bipolar I diagnostic criteria (2)

1. Occurrence of a manic episode 2. Hypomanic or major depressive episodes may precede or follow the manic episode

Clusters of personality disorders (3)

1. Odd or eccentric behavior 2. Dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior 3. Anxious or fearful behavior

Odd of eccentric personality disorders (3)

1. Paranoid 2. Schizoid 3. Schizotypal

Oppositional defiant disorder symptoms (3)

1. Persistently argumentative or defiant 2. Persistently angry or irritable 3. In some cases, the child is vindictive

Antisocial personality disorder symptoms (2)

1. Persistently disregard and violate other's rights 2. Lack of anxiety and guilt

Psychological dimension of mental health diagnosis (3)

1. Personality 2. Cognition 3. Emotions

The course of schizophrenia (3)

1. Prodromal phase 2. Active phase 3. Residual phase

Sociocultural dimension of mental health diagnosis (3)

1. Race 2. Gender 3. Sexual orientation

Conduct disorder symptoms (4)

1. Repeatedly violates the basic rights of others 2. Aggressive 3. May be physically cruel to people or animals 4. May destroy other people's property, skip school, steal, or run away from home

MDD symptoms (5)

1. Sadness 2. Loss of interest in pleasurable activities 3. Weight loss or gain 4. Changes in sleep patterns 5. Difficulty concentrating

Schizoaffective disorder symptoms (2)

1. Schizophrenia symptoms 2. Major depressive or manic episodes

Treatment methods for alcohol dependence (2)

1. Self-help groups (AA) 2. Pharmaceutical treatments (disulfram)

Active phase symptoms (3)

1. Severe disturbances in thinking 2. Deterioration in social relationships 3. Restricted or inappropriate affect

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder symptoms (2)

1. Severe outburtsts of temper 2. Persistent angry or irritable mood

Prodromal phase symptoms (4)

1. Social withdrawal and isolation 2. Peculiar behavior and inappropriate affect 3. Poor communication patterns 4. Neglect of personal grooming

For ASD, the individual must display continual deficiencies in various areas of communication and social interaction, such as (3)

1. Social-emotional reciprocity 2. Nonverbal communication 3. Development and maintenance of relationships

Timeline for disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

12 months or more

Timeline for major depressive episode

2 weeks

Timeline for schizoaffective disorder

2 weeks or more

Timeline for MDD

2 weeks to 2 years

Timeline for conduct disorder

3 or more of the criteria in the past year, with at least 1 criterion present past 6 months

Timeline for schizophrenia

6 months or more

Restricting type and purging type

AN

Onset of symptoms for brief psychotic disorder

Abrupt onset

Full-blown schizophrenic symptoms

Active phase

Lack of meaningful speech

Alogia

A gradually progressive disease in which memory impairment is the most prominent cognitive dysfunction

Alzheimer's disease

Characterized by persistent disregard and violation of others' rights, repeated lying, recklessness, and impulsiveness

Antisocial personality disorder

Minimal interest in social relationships

Asociality

Timeline for oppositional defiant disorder

At least 6 months

Timeline for bipolar I

At least one manic episode (with or without a history of severe depression) ongoing for at least 1 week

The inability to take action or focus on goals

Avolition

A college professor's work performance recently has deteriorated, and his colleagues find him difficult to talk to. If this is due to a problem with drugs, the best description of this professor's behavior would be: A. Substance intoxication B. Substance use disorder C. Tolerance D. Withdrawal

B

A frequent drug user finds that larger doses of a drug are necessary to produce the same high that much lower doses once produced. That drug user is developing: A. Withdrawal symptoms B. Tolerance C. Hallucinations D. Intoxication

B

Ainsley has a drink in the morning on rising and a cocktail with breakfast. She usually sneaks a snort during the morning (just to get through the day) and then drinks during lunch. Later, at home, she generally has a small dinner and sits in front of the TV and drinking wine, often an entire bottle. Somehow she manages to get up and go to work the next morning. Ainsley is displaying: A. Withdrawal B. Substance use disorder C. Binge drinking D. Delirium tremens

B

Binge drinking is defined as drinking at least _____ drinks on a single occasion. A. Three B. Four C. Five D. Six

B

Melanie has been out with friends and has been using drugs. Despite being obviously uncoordinated and under the influence, she wants to drive her car. Her condition is an example of: A. Addiction B. Intoxication C. Hallucinations D. Physical dependence

B

Binging and compensatory behavior

BN

Characterized by great instability, including major shifts in mood, an unstable self-image, impulsivity, and unstable interpersonal relationships

Borderline personality disorder

Psychotic episodes that last at least one day but less than one month; can be caused by psychological trauma; relatively uncommon

Brief psychotic disorder

Characterized by marked disturbances in motor activity

Catatonia

A disorder in which a child repeatedly violates the basic rights of others and displays significant aggression

Conduct disorder

Treatment for borderline personality disorder

DBT; smaller drop-out rate and suicidal behaviors

False belief that another person, group of people, or external force controls one's general thoughts, feelings, impulses, or behavior

Delusions of control

The fixed, false belief that one possesses superior qualities such as genius, fame, omnipotence, or wealth

Delusions of grandeur

The individual thinks that harm is occurring, or is going to occur

Delusions of persecution

A neutral event is believed to have a special and personal meaning; a billboard or a celebrity may be sending them a message

Delusions of reference

The delusional belief that thoughts have been 'taken out' of the patient's mind, and the patient has no power over this

Delusions of thought withdrawal

Causes slowing of responses and generalized depression of the CNS; individuals may feel relaxed and sociable due to lowered interpersonal inhibitions

Depressants ("downers")

A childhood disorder marked by severe recurrent temper outbursts and a persistent irritable or angry mood

Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder

Common speech pattern used; children echo back what you say to them

Echolalia

Running away into an unsafe situation

Eloping

An inanimate object or body part not usually associated with sex becomes the main focus of sexual arousal and orgasm

Fetishistic disorder

Gluten-free and casein-free diet

GF/CF

Risk factor for schizophrenia

Higher performance of schizophrenia among family members

Individualized education plan; done through the school district

IEP

When the child is able to be in a main-stream classroom possibly with an aid rather than being in special education

Inclusion

A social deficit; does not share in the overall vibe of the group

Joint attention

Least-restrictive environment; want to find the least restrictive environment they can be in

LRE

Timeline for brief psychotic disorder

Less than 1 month

Timeline for schizophreniform disorder

Less than 6 months

Quintessential mounts of autism; can last upwards of an hour

Meltdowns

Risk factor for brief psychotic disorder

More common in females

Onset of symptoms for schizophrenia

More gradual onset

Characterized by grandiose behavior, need for much admiration, and feeling no empathy with others

Narcissistic personality disorder

Associated with the inability or decreased the ability to initiate actions or speech, expressed emotions, or feel pleasure

Negative symptoms

Timeline for borderline personality disorder

No timeline

Timeline for narcissistic personality disorder

No timeline

Timeline for antisocial personality disorder

No timeline; must be at least 18 years old

Onset of symptoms for schizophreniform disorder

Often abrupt

A disorder in which children are persistently argumentative, defiant, angry, irritable, and perhaps vindictive

Oppositional defiant disorder

Communication tool; a series of pictures exchanged with someone else when speech isn't an option

PECS

Sexual behavior that involves a craving for an erotic object that is unusual or different

Paraphilias

Eating things that aren't edible

Pica

Feelings or behaviors that are usually not present

Positive symptoms

The onset and buildup of schizophrenic symptoms

Prodromal phase

A condition involving a loss of contact with or distorted view of reality

Psychosis

Symptoms of schizophrenia no longer prominent; symptom severity declines and individual shows mild impairment; complete recovery is rare, but schizophrenics can lead productive lives

Residual phase

Severe or limited emotionality in situations in which emotional reactions are expected

Restricted affect

Often use props like leather collars, studs, chains, and nipple clamps

Sadomasochists

Existence of both symptoms of schizophrenia and major depressive or manic symptoms; diagnosis is difficult as an individual may have two separate mental disorders

Schizoaffective disorder

A group of disorders characterized by severely impaired cognitive processes, personality disintegration, mood disturbances, and social withdrawal

Schizophrenia

Psychotic episodes that last at least one month but at least six months; shares anatomical and neural deficits of schizophrenia

Schizophreniform disorder

Common speech issue; can learn and become obsessed with it, they will tell you all about it

Scripting

A list of things that can help the child to regulate

Sensory diet

A recurrent and intense sexual arousal from the physical or psychological suffering of another person

Sexual sadism

Risk factor for schizophreniform disorder

Some increased risk of schizophrenia among family members

Self-stimulatory behavior; physical behavior used to self-regulate (e.g., hand flapping)

Stimming

Produces feelings of euphoria and well-being, improve mental and physical performance, reduces appetite, and prevents sleep; speeds up CNS activity

Stimulants ("uppers")

A model which provides an organizational framework for understanding the numerous causes of mental disorders, the complexity of their interacting components, and the need to view disorders from a holistic framework

The multipath model

Moving from one activity to the next

Transitions

Follows a cerebral accident or stroke; blood flow to specific areas of the brain is cut off, thus damaging the areas

Vascular neurocognitive disorder