Final Exam Study Guide
Timeline for manic episode
1 week or more
Depressants ("downers") examples (3)
1. Alcohol 2. Opioids 3. Sedatives, hypnotics, and anxiolytics
Schizophrenia treatments (5)
1. Antipsychotic medication 2. Psychosocial therapy 3. CBT 4. Mindfulness training 5. Family communication and education
Dramatic, emotional, or erratic personality disorders (4)
1. Antisocial 2. Borderline 3. Histrionic 4. Narcissistic
Cognitive symptom problems of schizophrenia (3)
1. Attention 2. Memory 3. Difficulty in developing a plan of action
Anxious or fearful personality disorders (3)
1. Avoidant 2. Dependent 3. Obsessive-compulsive
Negative symptoms (4)
1. Avolition 2. Alogia 3. Asociality 4. Restricted affect
Dimensions of the multipath model (4)
1. Biological 2. Psychological 3. Social 4. Sociocultural
Treatment options for AN and BN (7)
1. CBT 2. DBT 3. Exposure-response prevention (ERP) 4. Family therapy 5. Maudsley family therapy (FBT) 6. EMDR 7. Nutritional counseling
Stimulants ("uppers") examples (3)
1. Caffeine 2. Amphetamines 3. Cocaine
For personality disorders, the individual must display a long-term, rigid, and wide-ranging pattern of inner experience and behavior that leads to the dysfunction of at least two of the following: (4)
1. Cognition 2. Emotion 3. Social interactions 4. Impulsivity
AN symptoms (3)
1. Concerns about weight and shape 2. Restrict food intake 3. High constraint
Bipolar I symptoms for depression (2)
1. Considerable weight change or appetite change 2. Feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
Binge eating disorder (2)
1. Consuming large amounts of food in one given time period 2. Not stopping when full (emotional hunger 3. Feelings of guilt, shame, or depression after eating
Positive symptoms (4)
1. Delusions 2. Hallucinations 3. Disorganized thought and speech 4. Grossly abnormal psychomotor behavior
Alzheimer's disease symptoms (2)
1. Displays major or mild neurocognitive disorder 2. Memory impairment
Externalizing disorders of childhood (3)
1. Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder 2. Oppositional defiant disorder 3. Conduct disorder
For ASD, the individual displays significant restriction and repetition in two or more behaviors, interests, or activities, including (4)
1. Exaggerated and repeated speech patterns, movements, or object use 2. Inflexible demands for same routines, statements, and behaviors 3. Highly restricted, fixated, and overly intense interests 4. Over- or under-restrictions to sensory input from the environment
Narcissistic personality disorder symptoms (4)
1. Exaggerated sense of self-importance 2. Grandiose 3. Require much admiration 2. Feel no empathy with others
Social dimension of mental health diagnosis (3)
1. Family 2. Relationships 3. Social support
Gamer stereotypes (4)
1. Gaming is a guy thing 2. Gaming makes you violent 3. Gamers are lazy and have no future goals 4. Gamers only like one type of game
Biological dimension of mental health diagnosis (3)
1. Genetics 2. Brain anatomy 3. Biochemical imbalances
Delusional themes of schizophrenia (6)
1. Grandeur 2. Control 3. Thought broadcasting 4. Persecution 5. Reference 6. Thought withdrawal
Bipolar I symptoms for mania (2)
1. Grandiosity or overblown self-esteem 2. Increased talkativeness
Borderline personality disorder symptoms (5)
1. Great instability 2. Major shifts in mood 2. Unstable self-image 4. Impulsivity 5. May self-harm
BN symptoms (3)
1. Impulsivity 2. Emotional dysregulation 3. Mood swings
Progression from substance use to abuse (4)
1. Individual decides to experiment with drugs 2. Drugs begin to serve an important purpose; consumption continues 3. Brain chemistry becomes altered from chronic use 4. Lifestyle changes occur due to chronic abuse
For major neurocognitive disorder (dementia), the individual must display a substantial decline in at least one of the following areas of cognitive function (6)
1. Memory and learning 2. Attention 3. Perceptual motor skills 4. Planning and decision-making 5. Language ability 6. Social awareness
Similarities between brief psychotic disorder and schizophreniform disorder (2)
1. Neither requires impairment in social or occupational functioning 2. Diagnoses are often considered provisional diagnoses
Bipolar I diagnostic criteria (2)
1. Occurrence of a manic episode 2. Hypomanic or major depressive episodes may precede or follow the manic episode
Clusters of personality disorders (3)
1. Odd or eccentric behavior 2. Dramatic, emotional, or erratic behavior 3. Anxious or fearful behavior
Odd of eccentric personality disorders (3)
1. Paranoid 2. Schizoid 3. Schizotypal
Oppositional defiant disorder symptoms (3)
1. Persistently argumentative or defiant 2. Persistently angry or irritable 3. In some cases, the child is vindictive
Antisocial personality disorder symptoms (2)
1. Persistently disregard and violate other's rights 2. Lack of anxiety and guilt
Psychological dimension of mental health diagnosis (3)
1. Personality 2. Cognition 3. Emotions
The course of schizophrenia (3)
1. Prodromal phase 2. Active phase 3. Residual phase
Sociocultural dimension of mental health diagnosis (3)
1. Race 2. Gender 3. Sexual orientation
Conduct disorder symptoms (4)
1. Repeatedly violates the basic rights of others 2. Aggressive 3. May be physically cruel to people or animals 4. May destroy other people's property, skip school, steal, or run away from home
MDD symptoms (5)
1. Sadness 2. Loss of interest in pleasurable activities 3. Weight loss or gain 4. Changes in sleep patterns 5. Difficulty concentrating
Schizoaffective disorder symptoms (2)
1. Schizophrenia symptoms 2. Major depressive or manic episodes
Treatment methods for alcohol dependence (2)
1. Self-help groups (AA) 2. Pharmaceutical treatments (disulfram)
Active phase symptoms (3)
1. Severe disturbances in thinking 2. Deterioration in social relationships 3. Restricted or inappropriate affect
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder symptoms (2)
1. Severe outburtsts of temper 2. Persistent angry or irritable mood
Prodromal phase symptoms (4)
1. Social withdrawal and isolation 2. Peculiar behavior and inappropriate affect 3. Poor communication patterns 4. Neglect of personal grooming
For ASD, the individual must display continual deficiencies in various areas of communication and social interaction, such as (3)
1. Social-emotional reciprocity 2. Nonverbal communication 3. Development and maintenance of relationships
Timeline for disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
12 months or more
Timeline for major depressive episode
2 weeks
Timeline for schizoaffective disorder
2 weeks or more
Timeline for MDD
2 weeks to 2 years
Timeline for conduct disorder
3 or more of the criteria in the past year, with at least 1 criterion present past 6 months
Timeline for schizophrenia
6 months or more
Restricting type and purging type
AN
Onset of symptoms for brief psychotic disorder
Abrupt onset
Full-blown schizophrenic symptoms
Active phase
Lack of meaningful speech
Alogia
A gradually progressive disease in which memory impairment is the most prominent cognitive dysfunction
Alzheimer's disease
Characterized by persistent disregard and violation of others' rights, repeated lying, recklessness, and impulsiveness
Antisocial personality disorder
Minimal interest in social relationships
Asociality
Timeline for oppositional defiant disorder
At least 6 months
Timeline for bipolar I
At least one manic episode (with or without a history of severe depression) ongoing for at least 1 week
The inability to take action or focus on goals
Avolition
A college professor's work performance recently has deteriorated, and his colleagues find him difficult to talk to. If this is due to a problem with drugs, the best description of this professor's behavior would be: A. Substance intoxication B. Substance use disorder C. Tolerance D. Withdrawal
B
A frequent drug user finds that larger doses of a drug are necessary to produce the same high that much lower doses once produced. That drug user is developing: A. Withdrawal symptoms B. Tolerance C. Hallucinations D. Intoxication
B
Ainsley has a drink in the morning on rising and a cocktail with breakfast. She usually sneaks a snort during the morning (just to get through the day) and then drinks during lunch. Later, at home, she generally has a small dinner and sits in front of the TV and drinking wine, often an entire bottle. Somehow she manages to get up and go to work the next morning. Ainsley is displaying: A. Withdrawal B. Substance use disorder C. Binge drinking D. Delirium tremens
B
Binge drinking is defined as drinking at least _____ drinks on a single occasion. A. Three B. Four C. Five D. Six
B
Melanie has been out with friends and has been using drugs. Despite being obviously uncoordinated and under the influence, she wants to drive her car. Her condition is an example of: A. Addiction B. Intoxication C. Hallucinations D. Physical dependence
B
Binging and compensatory behavior
BN
Characterized by great instability, including major shifts in mood, an unstable self-image, impulsivity, and unstable interpersonal relationships
Borderline personality disorder
Psychotic episodes that last at least one day but less than one month; can be caused by psychological trauma; relatively uncommon
Brief psychotic disorder
Characterized by marked disturbances in motor activity
Catatonia
A disorder in which a child repeatedly violates the basic rights of others and displays significant aggression
Conduct disorder
Treatment for borderline personality disorder
DBT; smaller drop-out rate and suicidal behaviors
False belief that another person, group of people, or external force controls one's general thoughts, feelings, impulses, or behavior
Delusions of control
The fixed, false belief that one possesses superior qualities such as genius, fame, omnipotence, or wealth
Delusions of grandeur
The individual thinks that harm is occurring, or is going to occur
Delusions of persecution
A neutral event is believed to have a special and personal meaning; a billboard or a celebrity may be sending them a message
Delusions of reference
The delusional belief that thoughts have been 'taken out' of the patient's mind, and the patient has no power over this
Delusions of thought withdrawal
Causes slowing of responses and generalized depression of the CNS; individuals may feel relaxed and sociable due to lowered interpersonal inhibitions
Depressants ("downers")
A childhood disorder marked by severe recurrent temper outbursts and a persistent irritable or angry mood
Disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
Common speech pattern used; children echo back what you say to them
Echolalia
Running away into an unsafe situation
Eloping
An inanimate object or body part not usually associated with sex becomes the main focus of sexual arousal and orgasm
Fetishistic disorder
Gluten-free and casein-free diet
GF/CF
Risk factor for schizophrenia
Higher performance of schizophrenia among family members
Individualized education plan; done through the school district
IEP
When the child is able to be in a main-stream classroom possibly with an aid rather than being in special education
Inclusion
A social deficit; does not share in the overall vibe of the group
Joint attention
Least-restrictive environment; want to find the least restrictive environment they can be in
LRE
Timeline for brief psychotic disorder
Less than 1 month
Timeline for schizophreniform disorder
Less than 6 months
Quintessential mounts of autism; can last upwards of an hour
Meltdowns
Risk factor for brief psychotic disorder
More common in females
Onset of symptoms for schizophrenia
More gradual onset
Characterized by grandiose behavior, need for much admiration, and feeling no empathy with others
Narcissistic personality disorder
Associated with the inability or decreased the ability to initiate actions or speech, expressed emotions, or feel pleasure
Negative symptoms
Timeline for borderline personality disorder
No timeline
Timeline for narcissistic personality disorder
No timeline
Timeline for antisocial personality disorder
No timeline; must be at least 18 years old
Onset of symptoms for schizophreniform disorder
Often abrupt
A disorder in which children are persistently argumentative, defiant, angry, irritable, and perhaps vindictive
Oppositional defiant disorder
Communication tool; a series of pictures exchanged with someone else when speech isn't an option
PECS
Sexual behavior that involves a craving for an erotic object that is unusual or different
Paraphilias
Eating things that aren't edible
Pica
Feelings or behaviors that are usually not present
Positive symptoms
The onset and buildup of schizophrenic symptoms
Prodromal phase
A condition involving a loss of contact with or distorted view of reality
Psychosis
Symptoms of schizophrenia no longer prominent; symptom severity declines and individual shows mild impairment; complete recovery is rare, but schizophrenics can lead productive lives
Residual phase
Severe or limited emotionality in situations in which emotional reactions are expected
Restricted affect
Often use props like leather collars, studs, chains, and nipple clamps
Sadomasochists
Existence of both symptoms of schizophrenia and major depressive or manic symptoms; diagnosis is difficult as an individual may have two separate mental disorders
Schizoaffective disorder
A group of disorders characterized by severely impaired cognitive processes, personality disintegration, mood disturbances, and social withdrawal
Schizophrenia
Psychotic episodes that last at least one month but at least six months; shares anatomical and neural deficits of schizophrenia
Schizophreniform disorder
Common speech issue; can learn and become obsessed with it, they will tell you all about it
Scripting
A list of things that can help the child to regulate
Sensory diet
A recurrent and intense sexual arousal from the physical or psychological suffering of another person
Sexual sadism
Risk factor for schizophreniform disorder
Some increased risk of schizophrenia among family members
Self-stimulatory behavior; physical behavior used to self-regulate (e.g., hand flapping)
Stimming
Produces feelings of euphoria and well-being, improve mental and physical performance, reduces appetite, and prevents sleep; speeds up CNS activity
Stimulants ("uppers")
A model which provides an organizational framework for understanding the numerous causes of mental disorders, the complexity of their interacting components, and the need to view disorders from a holistic framework
The multipath model
Moving from one activity to the next
Transitions
Follows a cerebral accident or stroke; blood flow to specific areas of the brain is cut off, thus damaging the areas
Vascular neurocognitive disorder