finals - chemistry - sweetman
the most common charge of a stable ion an element in 17 will form is
-1
saturated fatty acids are long-chain carboxylic acids which usually have between ___ carbon atoms and have no double bonds
12 and 24
what will be the atomic radius of copper, if the distance between two adjacent copper atoms in metallic copper is 256 pm
128 pm
how many electrons are contained in a single covalent bond
2
ranks the following foods from the lowest percentage of saturated fat to the highest: (1) margarine, (2) canola oil, (3) butter, (4) olive oil
2 < 4 < 1 < 3
the most common charge of a stable ion a group 2 metal will form is
2+
a water molecule is held together by ___ covalent bonds, meaning there are a total of ___ shared electrons in the molecule
2, 4
which of the following is the atomic radius of chlorine if the internuclear distance between two chlorine atoms is 198 pm
99 pm
which of the following does NOT contain a covalent bond
CaO
which of the following represents a covalent molecule (cl2, he, co2, o2)
Cl2 , CO2 , O2
which of the following is a covalent molecule (h2o, nacl, o2, mgcl)
H2O, O2
which of the following represents a covalent molecule (nacl, o2, bacl2, cl2, h2o)
O2 , Cl2 , H2O
which statement best describes a covalent bond
a chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule
which electron is the first to be removed from any atom
a valence electron
which of the following has the lowest value of ionization energy
alkali metals
metals in general have
all of the above
which element has the lowest first ionization energy in this part of the periodic table
aluminum
which element is NOT a metalloid
aluminum
how are most ions formed
an atom transfers electrons to or from another atom or molecule
negatively charged ions are called
anions
which statement correctly describes the relationship between chlorine and argon
argon has a larger atomic number and a larger atomic mass
mendeleev is best known for
arranging the elements into a periodic table
the pauling scale of electronegativity was based on
bond energy
which are functions of lipids
both a and b
which of the following elements has the largest atomic radius
ca
ca(no3)2
calcium nitrate
positively charged ions are called
cations
the most reactive metal is
cesium
mendeleev placed the elements in his periodic table on the basis of similarity in their
chemical & physical behavior
which statement(s) is/are true about covalent bonds
covalent bonds can form between atoms of the same element, covalent bonds can form between two nonmetal atoms, covalent bonds can form between atoms of different elements
the formation of a triglyceride is what type of organic reaction
esterification
which member of the halogen elements has the highest electronegativity
f
which of the following has the smallest atomic radius
f
an ion always has the same number of protons and electrons
false
atomic radii in transition metals follow a systematic order while moving from left to right
false
atomic radii increase in size with an increase in the atomic number across a period
false
bromine is a liquid metal
false
eka-aluminum and eka-boron were discovered by moseley
false
electrical conductivity depends on the mobility of electric charges so only metallic crystals and ionic crystals can conduct electricity in certain states
false
electronegativity generally increases while moving from top to bottom in the periodic table
false
fatty acids consist of only unsaturated hydrocarbons
false
ions form because the loss of one or more electrons makes them less stable than their corresponding atoms; this state requires more energy to maintain
false
isotopes have been given a proper place in mendeleev's periodic table
false
mendeleev developed his table when he placed the elements in order by increasing atomic number
false
mendeleev placed magnesium above beryllium
false
the order of increasing atomic radius of all atoms above is
false
when moving from antimony to iodine, the first ionization energy value decreases
false
whenever mendeleev found an element whose chemistry was very similar to a previous element, he placed it above that similar element
false
which part of a nutritional label gives information about the lipids in food
fats
what element was discovered four years after mendeleev published his periodic table which included the predicted properties of eka-aluminum
gallium
a triglyceride is a triester of ___ and three fatty acids
glycerol
vertical columns of the periodic table are called
groups/families
which group/family contains elements with the smallest radius within the same period
halogens
across a period, the effective nuclear charge increases and therefore it becomes ___ to remove an electron
harder
the work of ____ led to the arrangement of elements based on their properties and atomic numbers, not atomic masses
henry moseley
who is credited with the discovery of the atomic number
henry moseley
in the diagram of elements above, which of the following describes the change of atomic radius along the direction of the arrow
increases
if an atom gains or loses electrons, it becomes
ion
fecl3
iron (III) chloride
what happens to an atom when it gains electrons
it becomes a negatively charged ion
what happens to an atom when it loses electrons
it becomes a positively charged ion
a certain fatty acid is known to be unsaturated; what is known about its chemical structure
it contains at least one double and/or triple bond between carbon atoms
amongst the following, which metal is the poorest conductor of electricity
lead
oils, fats, and waxes belong to a class of biomolecules called
lipids
what would be the name for li+
lithium ion
the ___ electronegativity of metals and ___ electronegativity of non-metals means the reaction is most favorable between a metal and a non-metal
low, high
elements in the alkaline earth metal family of the periodic table have ___ electronegativity values than elements in the halogen family of the periodic table
lower
a(n) ___ is the smallest particle of a covalent compound that still has the properties of the compound
molecule
the second ionization energy is greater than the first because it's ___ to remove an electron from a cation
more difficult
triglycerides are ___ molecules, meaning that they are mostly ___ in water
nonpolar, insoluble
what is the difference between fats and oils
oils are usually liquid at room temperature, while fats are usually solid
elements that form diatomic molecules include
oxygen
what substance(s) are present in all lipids
oxygen, carbon, hydrogen
horizontal rows of the periodic table are called
periods
the rows of mendeleev's periodic table are called
periods
which type of lipid is most likely to be found in high concentrations in all plants and animals
phospholipids
which statement(s) is/are true about phospholipids
phospholipids are an essential component of cell membranes in living organisms, phospholipids are special molecules that have both polar and nonpolar parts
what unique property of phospholipids allows some substances to pass through cell membranes while keeping other substances out
phospholipids are polar on one side and nonpolar on the other, allowing them to form a double layer that can only be crossed by certain substances
electronegativity decreases from top to bottom within a respective group as
proceeding down the group, the size of atoms increases so the effective nuclear charge decreases on the electrons
which member of the alkaline earth metals has the smallest electronegativity
ra
metallic and nonmetallic character best refers to the ___ of a given element
reactivity
what was dmitri mendeleev's nationality
russian
which statement(s) is/are true about saturated fatty acids
saturated fatty acids contain as many hydrogen atoms as possible given the number of carbon atoms in the structure, saturated fatty acids contain only single bonds between carbon atoms
which of the following elements has the lowest electronegativity value
si
which of the following elemtns has the lowest electronegativity value
si
compared with halogens, the alkali metal in the same period has ___ electronegativity
smaller
which of the following metals can be cut with an ordinary knife
sodium
nabr
sodium bromide
which of the following explains why ionization energy decreases down a group
the atomic radius increases, so electrons are farther from the nucleus
why didn't mendeleev use atomic number to order his periodic table
the nucleus of the atom had not been discovered yet
which statement(s) is/are true about lipids
they can come in the form of solid fats or liquid oils, they are important biochemical compounds that are essential for many living organisms
how many hydroxyl groups are present on a molecule of glycerol
three
by having knowledge of the atomic radius of an atom, the size of the atom can be measured
true
elements which show properties of both metals and nonmetals are called metalloids
true
in the modern periodic table, the properties of elements are a periodic function of their atomic numbers
true
lipids can be liquid at room temperature
true
mendelevium, atomic number 101, was synthesized in the year 1955 and commemorates mendeleev's contributions to modern chemistry
true
the effective nuclear charge and the atomic size help explain the trend of ionization energy of atoms in a periodic table
true
the first ionization energy values of zn, cd, and hg are relatively higher than their immediate neighbors
true
the periodic table illustrates a recurring pattern in the properties of the elements when they are arranged in order of increasing atomic number
true
the tendency of metals to show ionic linkage increases proceeding down the group
true
ways in which ions may form include
two of the above
which type of lipid is most likely to be found in high concentrations in olive oil
unsaturated fatty acids
arrow directions represent increasing trend of ionization energy; which of the following correctly shows the general trend
up and to the right
chemical bonds involve the transfer or sharing of
valence electrons only
what kind of spectra was analyzed to determine atomic numbers of elements
x-ray spectra
zn3(po4)2
zinc phosphate