Fluid & electrolyte NCLEX

The nurse is caring for a client who had a parathyroidectomy. Upon evaluation of the clients laboratory studies, the nurse would expect to see imbalances in which electrolytes related to the removal of the parathyroid gland? A. Chloride and magnesium B. Potassium and chloride C. Calcium and phosphorus D. Potassium and sodium

C. Calcium and phosphorus

A client admitted with heart failure requires careful monitoring of his fluid status. Which method will provide the nurse with the best indication of the clients fluid status? A. Daily electrolyte monitoring B. Output measurements C. Daily weights D. Daily BUN and serum creatinine monitoring

C. Daily weights

Endurance athletes who exercise for long periods of time and consume only water may experience a sodium deficit in their extra cellular fluid. This electrolyte imbalance is known as: A. Hypokalemia B. Hyperkalemia C. Hyponatremia D. Hypernatremia

C. Hyponatremia

The nurse is assessing a newly admitted client and finds that he has edema of his right ankle that is 2 mm and just perceptible. The nurse documents that at which grade? a. 1+ b. 4+ c. 3+ d. 2+

a. 1+

A nurse monitoring a client's IV infusion auscultates the client's lung sounds and finds crackles in the bases of lungs that were previously clear. What would be the appropriate intervention in this situation? a. notify the primary care provider immediately for possible fluid overload b. no intervention is necessary as this is a normal finding with IV infusion c. Check all clamps on the tubing and check tubing for any kidney d. notify the primary care provider immediately because these are signs of speed shock

a. notify the primary care provider immediately for possible fluid overload

Upon assessment of a client's peripheral intravenous site, the nurse notices the area is red and warm. The client complains of pain when the nurse gently palpates the ares. These signs and symptoms indicative of: a. phlebitis b. rapid fluid administration c. an infiltration d. a systemic blood infection

a. phlebitis

The nurse is monitoring a blood transfusion for a client with anemia. Five minutes after the transfusion begins, the client reports feeling short of breathe and itchy. What is the priority nursing action? a. stop the transfusion b. assess for visible rash c. call for assistance d. assess oxygen levels

a. stop the transfusion

The nurse is preparing to administer fluid replacement to a client. Which action related to intravenous therapy should the nurse do first? a. verify the orders for type of solution and amount of infusion b. perform venipuncture c. prepare solution for administration d. regulate the rate of administration

a. verify the orders for type of solution and amount of infusion

A home care nurse is visiting a client with renal failure who is on fluid restriction. The client tells the nurse, "I get thirsty very often. What might help?" What would the nurse include as a suggestion for this client? a. use regular gum and hard candy b. avoid salty or excessively sweet fluids c. use an alcohol-based mouthwash to moisten your mouth d. eat crackers and bread

b. avoid salty or excessively sweet fluids

A nurse is reviewing the dietary intake of a client prescribed a potassium-sparing diuretic. The client tells the nurse that he had a banana, yogurt, and a bran cereal for breakfast and a turkey sandwich with a glass of milk for lunch. The intake of which food would be a cause for concern? a. milk b. banana c. turkey d. yogurt

b. banana

The nurse is caring for a male client who has a diagnosis of heart failure. Today's laboratory results show a serum potassium of 3.2 mEq/L (3, 2 mmol/L). For what complications should the nurse be aware, related to the potassium level? a. pulmonary embolus b. cardiac dysrhythmias c. tetany d. fluid volume excess

b. cardiac dysrhythmias

A client's most recent blood work indicates a K+ level of 7.2 mEq/L (7.2 mmol/L), a finding that constitutes hyperkalemia. For what signs and symptoms should the nurse vigilantly monitor? a. muscle weakness b. cardiac irregularities c. increased intracranial pressure (ICP) d. metabolic acidosis

b. cardiac irregularities

A client who is n.p.o prior to surgery reports feeling thirsty. What is the physiologic process that drives the thirst factor? a. increased blood volume and extracellular over-hydration b. decreased blood volume and intracellular dehydration c. decreased blood volume and extracellular over-hydration d. increased blood volume and intracellular dehydration

b. decreased blood volume and intracellular dehydration

The nurse reviews the laboratory test results of a client and notes that the client's potassium level is elevated. What would the nurse expect to find when assessing the client's gastrointestinal system? a. abdominal distention b. diarrhea c. paralytic ileus d. vomiting

b. diarrhea

What commonly used intravenous solution is hypotonic? a. lactated ringers b. 5% dextrose in 0.45% NaCl c. 0.45% NaCl d. 0.9% NaCl

c. 0.45% NaCl

A client with a diagnosis of colon cancer has opted for a treatment plan that will include several rounds of chemotherapy. What vascular access device is most likely to meet this client's needs? a. A midline peripheral catheter b. a peripheral venous catheter inserted to the antecubital fossa c. an implanted central venous access device (CVAD) d. A peripheral venous catheter inserted to the cephalic vein

c. an implanted central venous access device (CVAD)

The nurse's morning assessment of a client who has a history of heart failure reveals the presence of 2+ pitting edema in the client's ankles and feet bilaterally. This assessment finding is suggestive of: a. metabolic acidosis b. hypovolemia c. fluid volume excess d. hyponatremia

c. fluid volume excess

A client age 80 years, who takes diuretics for management of hypertension, informs the nurse that she takes laxatives daily to promote bowel movements. The nurse assesses the client for possible symptoms of: a. hypothyroidism b. hypoglycemia c. hypokalemia d. hypocalcemia

c. hypokalemia

A women age 58 years is suffering from food poisoning after eating at a local restaurant. She has had nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea for the past 12 hours. Her blood pressure is 88/50 and she is diaphoretic. She requires: a. an access route to replace fluids in combination with blood products b. an access route to administer medications intravenously c. replacement of fluids for those lost from vomiting and diarrhea d. intravenous fluids to be administered on an outpatient basis

c. replacement of fluids for those lost from vomiting and diarrhea

Which statement most accurately describes the process of osmosis? a. water shifts from high-solute to areas of lower solute concentration b. plasma proteins facilitate the reabsorption of fluids into the capillaries c. water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration d. solutes pass through semipermeable membranes to areas of lower concentration

c. water moves from an area of lower solute concentration to an area of higher solute concentration

which client is at a greater risk for fluid volume deficit related to the loss of total body fluid and extracellular fluid? a. A man age 50 years b. a women age 45 years c. an adolescent age 17 years d. An infant age 4 months

d. An infant age 4 months

When caring for a client who is on intravenous therapy, the nurse observes that the client has developed redness, warmth, and discomfort along the vein. Which intervention should the nurse perform for this complication? a. position the client on the left side b. elevate the client's head c. apply antiseptic and a dressing d. Apply a warm compress

d. Apply a warm compress

A home care nurse is teaching a client and family about the importance of a balanced diet. The nurse determines that the education was successful when the client identifies which of the following as a rich source of potassium? a. dairy products b. processed meat c. bread products d. apricots

d. apricots

What food would the nurse provide for a client who has hypokalemia? a. bread b. canned vegetables c. cheese d. bananas

d. bananas

potassium is needed for neural, muscle, and: a. auditory function b. optic function c. skeletal function d. cardiac function

d. cardiac function

A client loses consciousness after strenuous exercise and needs to be admitted to a health care facility. The client is diagnosed with dehydration. The nurse knows that the client needs restoration of: a. interstitial fluid b. non-electrolytes c. colloid solution d. electrolytes

d. electrolytes

Arterial blood gases reveal that a client's pH is 7.20. What physiologic process will contribute to a restoration of correct acid-base balance? a. hypoventilation b. renal retention of H ions c. increased excretion of bicarbonate ions by the kidney d. increased respiratory rate

d. increased respiratory rate

A client is diagnosed with metabolic acidosis. The nurse develops a plan of care for this client based on the understanding that the body compensates for this condition by: a. increasing the excretion of H ion into the urine b. preventing excretion of acids into the urine c. increasing the excretion of HCO into the urine d. increasing ventilation through the lungs

d. increasing ventilation through the lungs