Fluid & Electrolytes PrepU

Which is considered an isotonic solution? -0.9% normal saline -Dextran in normal saline -0.45% normal saline -3% NaCl

0.9% normal saline

The nurse should assess the patient for signs of lethargy, increasing intracranial pressure, and seizures when the serum sodium reaches what level? -115 mEq/L -130 mEq/L -145 mEq/L -160 mEq/L

115 mEq/L

The nurse knows which is the normal serum value for potassium?

3.5-5.0

Which of the following measurable urine output recorded indicates the patient is maintaining adequate fluid intake and balance? -A patient with a minimal urine output of 50 mL/hour -A patient with a minimal urine output of 10 mL/hour -A patient with a minimal urine output of 30ml/hour -A patient with a minimal urine output of 20 ml/hour

A patient with a minimal urine output of 20 ml/hour

Air embolism is a potential complication of IV therapy. The nurse should be alert to which clinical manifestation associated with air embolism? -Chest pain -Hypertension -Slow pulse -Jaundice

Chest pain

A client's most recent laboratory results show a slight decrease in potassium. The physician has opted to forego drug therapy but has suggested increasing the client's dietary intake of potassium. What should the nurse recommend? a. banana b. apple c. fish d. carrot

Bananas

A client recovering from an acute asthma attack experiences respiratory alkalosis. The nurse measures a respiratory rate of 46 breaths/minute, a heart rate of 110 beats/minute, a blood pressure of 162/90 mm Hg, and a temperature of 98.6° F (37° C). To help correct respiratory alkalosis, the nurse should: a. insert a nasogastric tube (NG) as ordered. b. administer acetaminophen as ordered. c. instruct the client to breathe into a paper bag. d. administer antibiotics as ordered.

C. instruct the client to breathe into a paper bag

The physician has prescribed a peripheral IV to be inserted before the client goes for computed tomography. What should the nurse do when selecting a site on the hand or arm for insertion of an IV catheter? -Choose a hairless site if available. -Consider potential effects on the client's mobility when selecting a site. -Have the client briefly hold his arm over his head before insertion. -Leave the tourniquet on for at least 3 minutes.

Consider potential effects on the client's mobility when selecting a site.

The nurse is caring for a client who has a diagnosis of syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH). The plan of care includes assessment of specific gravity every 4 hours. The results of this test will allow the nurse to assess what aspect of the client's health? Nutritional status Potassium balance Calcium balance Fluid volume status

Fluid Volume status

You are caring for a new client on your unit who is third-spacing fluid. You know to assess for what type of edema? -Generalized -Dependent -Brassy -Pitting

Generalized

What laboratory findings does the nurse determine are consistent with hypovolemia in a female patient? (Select all that apply.) -Hematocrit level of greater than 47% -BUN: serum creatinine ratio of greater than 12.1 -Urine specific gravity of 1.027 -Urine osmolality of greater than 450 mOsm/kg -Urine positive for blood

Hematocrit level of greater than 47% Urine specific gravity of 1.027 Urine osmolality of greater than 450 mOsm/kg

The nurse monitors a patient who is being evaluated for hyperkalemia. She is aware that ECG changes and serum potassium levels are diagnostic. Which of the following are the earliest changes that the nurse should report? -K+ = 5 mEq/L; prolonged T waves -K+ = 6 mEq/L; elevated ST segment -K+ = 7 mEq/L; peaked T waves -K+ = 8 mEq/L; shortened PR interval

K+ = 7 mEq/L; peaked T waves

The calcium concentration in the blood is regulated by which mechanism? -Parathyroid hormone (PTH) -Thyroid hormone (TH) -Adrenal gland -Androgens

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A client who is being treated for pneumonia reports sudden shortness of breath. An arterial blood gas (ABG) is drawn. The ABG has the following values: pH 7.21, PaCO2 64 mm Hg, HCO3 = 24 mm Hg. What does the ABG reflect? -Respiratory acidosis -Metabolic alkalosis -Respiratory alkalosis -Metabolic acidosis

Respiratory Acidosis

What does the nurse recognize as one of the best indicators of the patient's renal function? -Blood urea nitrogen -Serum creatinine -Specific gravity -Urine osmolality

Serum creatinine

Which of the following electrolytes is the primary determinant of extracellular fluid (ECF) osmolality? -Sodium -Potassium -Calcium -Magnesium

Sodium

A client has been admitted to the hospital unit with signs and symptoms of hypovolemia; however, the client has not lost weight. The client exhibits a localized enlargement of her abdomen. What condition could the client be presenting? -third-spacing -pitting edema -anasarca -hypovolemia

Third-spacing

A client has a serum calcium level of 7.2 mg/dl (1.8 mmol/L). During the physical examination, the nurse expects to assess: Trousseau's sign. Homans' sign. Hegar's sign. Goodell's sign.

Trousseau's sign

Which of the following is the most common cause of symptomatic hypomagnesemia in the United States?

alcoholism

When a client's ventilation is impaired, the body retains which substance? Sodium bicarbonate Carbon dioxide Nitrous oxide Oxygen

carbon dioxide

A client was admitted to the hospital unit after 2 days of vomiting and diarrhea. The client's spouse became alarmed when the client demonstrated confusion and elevated temp, and reported "dry mouth." The nurse suspects the client is experiencing which condition?

dehydration

Which nerve is implicated in the Chvostek's sign?

facial

Which set of arterial blood gas (ABG) results requires further investigation?

pH 7.49, PaCO2 30 mm Hg, PaO2 89 mm Hg, and HCO3- 18 mEq/L

To confirm an acid-base imbalance, it is necessary to assess which findings from a client's arterial blood gas (ABG) results? Select all that apply. pH PaCO2 HCO3 Glucose Na+ K+

pH, PaCO2, HCO3

A client with pancreatic cancer has the following blood chemistry profile: Glucose, fasting: 204 mg/dl; blood urea nitrogen (BUN): 12 mg/dl; Creatinine: 0.9 mg/dl; Sodium: 136 mEq/L; Potassium: 2.2 mEq/L; Chloride: 99 mEq/L; CO2: 33 mEq/L. Which result should the nurse identify as critical and report immediately?

potassium