food & nutrient ch.4 quiz review

gastric

A term that refers to the stomach

pyloric sphincter

At the base of the stomach is the ____, which controls the rate at which food leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine.

pancreas, small intestine

Bicarbonate, which is secreted by the ___, is a base that neutralizes the acidity of chyme in the _____.

liver

Bile is necessary for some nutrient digestion and absorption

gallbladder

Bile is stored and concentrated in the

chyme

Food mixes with secretions in the stomach to become a watery mixture

chemical

Glands in stomach secrete the components of gastric juice, which contribute to the digestion of food.

simple diffusion

Low concentration <----- high concentration

facilitaed diffusion

Low concentration <----- transporter molecule <----high concentration

1. digests fat 2. partially digests protein 3. digests starch 4. Digests DNA and RNA into nucleotides

Match each of the following pancreatic enzymes with the primary action of that enzyme.

stomach

The churning movements of the___ help mix food with gastric juice.

diverticulosis

The condition characterized by the presence of tiny pouches in the wall of the colon

fat

The primary nutrient that bile helps digest is

diverticulitis

When these pouches become inflamed

pancreatic lipase, chymotrypsin, pancreatic amylase, carboxypeptidase, sucrase, trypsin.

active in the small intestine

pepsin, gastric lipase.

active in the stomach

constipation

A condition characterized by infrequent bowel movements that are difficult to eliminate

miso soup, pickles, sourdough bread

Consumption of fermented foods may be beneficial to the health of the GI tract, particularly the colon.

can impact any area, superficial, discontinuous lesions

Crohn's disease

hemorrhoids

Excessive straining during bowel movements may also cause swelling of the veins in the anal canal.

diverticula

The increased pressure inside the colon caused by straining during bowel movements may lead to the formation of tiny pouches called___ in the wall of the colon.

intrinsic factor

The stomach also produces a substance called ____ that is important for the absorption of vitamin B-12.

mechanical

The stomach wall has three layers of muscle tissue. These muscular layers are responsible for the ____ digestion that occurs in the stomach.

facilitated diffusion absorbs

fructose

active transport absorbs

glucose, amino acids

endocytosis absorbs

immune substances from human milk

simple diffusion absorbs

lipids, most water-soluble vitamins, some minerals

active transport

low concentration to high concentration

Endocytosis

outside cell-----> inside cell

barley, garlic, berries, legumes

prebiotics

yogurt, pill containing Bifidobacterium Infantis

probiotics

Specific to colon, deep, continuous lesions

ulcerative colitis