food & nutrient ch.4 quiz review
gastric
A term that refers to the stomach
pyloric sphincter
At the base of the stomach is the ____, which controls the rate at which food leaves the stomach and enters the small intestine.
pancreas, small intestine
Bicarbonate, which is secreted by the ___, is a base that neutralizes the acidity of chyme in the _____.
liver
Bile is necessary for some nutrient digestion and absorption
gallbladder
Bile is stored and concentrated in the
chyme
Food mixes with secretions in the stomach to become a watery mixture
chemical
Glands in stomach secrete the components of gastric juice, which contribute to the digestion of food.
simple diffusion
Low concentration <----- high concentration
facilitaed diffusion
Low concentration <----- transporter molecule <----high concentration
1. digests fat 2. partially digests protein 3. digests starch 4. Digests DNA and RNA into nucleotides
Match each of the following pancreatic enzymes with the primary action of that enzyme.
stomach
The churning movements of the___ help mix food with gastric juice.
diverticulosis
The condition characterized by the presence of tiny pouches in the wall of the colon
fat
The primary nutrient that bile helps digest is
diverticulitis
When these pouches become inflamed
pancreatic lipase, chymotrypsin, pancreatic amylase, carboxypeptidase, sucrase, trypsin.
active in the small intestine
pepsin, gastric lipase.
active in the stomach
constipation
A condition characterized by infrequent bowel movements that are difficult to eliminate
miso soup, pickles, sourdough bread
Consumption of fermented foods may be beneficial to the health of the GI tract, particularly the colon.
can impact any area, superficial, discontinuous lesions
Crohn's disease
hemorrhoids
Excessive straining during bowel movements may also cause swelling of the veins in the anal canal.
diverticula
The increased pressure inside the colon caused by straining during bowel movements may lead to the formation of tiny pouches called___ in the wall of the colon.
intrinsic factor
The stomach also produces a substance called ____ that is important for the absorption of vitamin B-12.
mechanical
The stomach wall has three layers of muscle tissue. These muscular layers are responsible for the ____ digestion that occurs in the stomach.
facilitated diffusion absorbs
fructose
active transport absorbs
glucose, amino acids
endocytosis absorbs
immune substances from human milk
simple diffusion absorbs
lipids, most water-soluble vitamins, some minerals
active transport
low concentration to high concentration
Endocytosis
outside cell-----> inside cell
barley, garlic, berries, legumes
prebiotics
yogurt, pill containing Bifidobacterium Infantis
probiotics
Specific to colon, deep, continuous lesions
ulcerative colitis