functions of muscular system
types of muscle contractions
-PARTIAL (muscle tone or tonus) -ISOTONIC - Movement - NO change in tension - muscle lengthen and shortens -ISOMETRIC - No movement - great increase in tension - NO muscle length
lag or latent.
...
multiple-wavesummation
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acetylcholine
A neurotransmitter that among its fuctions, triggers muscle contraction
muscle twitch
A single contraction lasting a fraction of a second
aerobic respiration
Respiration in which oxygen is consumed and glucose is broken down entirely; water, carbon dioxide, and large amounts of ATP are the final products.
synaptic vesicles
Store neurotransmitters
skeletal muscle structure.
Striated, Large, long, and cylindrical, multinucleated
creatine phosphate
Supplies energy for the synthesis of ATP
sliding filament model.
The theory explaining how muscle contracts, based on change within a sacomere, (the basic unit of muscle organization). States that thin (actin) filiaments slide across the thick, (myosin) filiaments shortening the sacomere. The shortening of all the sarcomeres in a myofibril shortens the entire myofibril.
incomplete tetanus
______is repeated stimulation of the muscle so that the muscle is never allowed to completely relax. will yield increased tension is produced
neurotransmitter
a chemical messenger that travels across the synapse from one neuron to the next and influences whether a neuron will generate an action potential(impulse)
excitability
ability to respond to stimulus
elasticity
ability to return to original shape after being stretched
contractility
ability to shorten
neurotransmitters
acetylcholine and norepinephrine
functions of muscular system
body movement, maintain posture, respiration, produce body heat, communication, contriction of organs and blood vessels, heartbeat
complete tetanus
contraction is continuous
psychologicial
depends on emotional state of individual,
hormones
epinephrine and oxytocin
cardiac muscle.
found in heart, straited, each cell has one nucleus.
regulation of smooth muscles.
involuntary, stretch, hormones, chemicals, nervous system controls
smooth
make smooth or smoother, as if by rubbing
exercise
metabolic rate and heat production.
synaptic
occurs in NMJ due to lack of acetylcholine
smooth
smooth one nucleus.
muscle-tone
state of partial contraction in which all muscles are kept
oxygen debt
the amount of oxygen required after physical exercise for restorative processes
neuromuscular junction
the point of contact between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle cell
shivering
uncoordinated contraction of muscle fibers resulting in shaking and heat production.
relaxation
when a muscle returns to its original form
acetylcholinesterase
An enzyme found in neuromuscular junctions and in neuron synapses that quickly breaks down acetylcholine preventing continuous stimulation of the postsynaptic cell
cardiac
Heart muscle type, heart beat.
functions of neuromuscular junction.
Includes Neurotransmitters and Actylcholineterase
muscle fibers
Many of these make up a muscle. each muscle fier is a single long, cylindrical cell that has many nuclei. Most of its volume is occupied by about a thousand myofibrils.
skeletal
Multinucleate
skeletal
of or relating to or forming or attached to a skeleton
fatigue
physical or mental exhaustion
effects of aging
reduce muscle mass, increased time for muscle to contract in response to nervous stimuli, reduced stamina( psy) increased recovery time, relaxation, loss of muscle fibers, decreased den sity of capillaries in muscle.
muscular
results from atp depletion.
anaerobic respiration
series of ATP producing reactions that do not require oxygen