functions of muscular system

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types of muscle contractions

-PARTIAL (muscle tone or tonus) -ISOTONIC - Movement - NO change in tension - muscle lengthen and shortens -ISOMETRIC - No movement - great increase in tension - NO muscle length

lag or latent.

...

multiple-wavesummation

...

acetylcholine

A neurotransmitter that among its fuctions, triggers muscle contraction

muscle twitch

A single contraction lasting a fraction of a second

aerobic respiration

Respiration in which oxygen is consumed and glucose is broken down entirely; water, carbon dioxide, and large amounts of ATP are the final products.

synaptic vesicles

Store neurotransmitters

skeletal muscle structure.

Striated, Large, long, and cylindrical, multinucleated

creatine phosphate

Supplies energy for the synthesis of ATP

sliding filament model.

The theory explaining how muscle contracts, based on change within a sacomere, (the basic unit of muscle organization). States that thin (actin) filiaments slide across the thick, (myosin) filiaments shortening the sacomere. The shortening of all the sarcomeres in a myofibril shortens the entire myofibril.

incomplete tetanus

______is repeated stimulation of the muscle so that the muscle is never allowed to completely relax. will yield increased tension is produced

neurotransmitter

a chemical messenger that travels across the synapse from one neuron to the next and influences whether a neuron will generate an action potential(impulse)

excitability

ability to respond to stimulus

elasticity

ability to return to original shape after being stretched

contractility

ability to shorten

neurotransmitters

acetylcholine and norepinephrine

functions of muscular system

body movement, maintain posture, respiration, produce body heat, communication, contriction of organs and blood vessels, heartbeat

complete tetanus

contraction is continuous

psychologicial

depends on emotional state of individual,

hormones

epinephrine and oxytocin

cardiac muscle.

found in heart, straited, each cell has one nucleus.

regulation of smooth muscles.

involuntary, stretch, hormones, chemicals, nervous system controls

smooth

make smooth or smoother, as if by rubbing

exercise

metabolic rate and heat production.

synaptic

occurs in NMJ due to lack of acetylcholine

smooth

smooth one nucleus.

muscle-tone

state of partial contraction in which all muscles are kept

oxygen debt

the amount of oxygen required after physical exercise for restorative processes

neuromuscular junction

the point of contact between a motor neuron and a skeletal muscle cell

shivering

uncoordinated contraction of muscle fibers resulting in shaking and heat production.

relaxation

when a muscle returns to its original form

acetylcholinesterase

An enzyme found in neuromuscular junctions and in neuron synapses that quickly breaks down acetylcholine preventing continuous stimulation of the postsynaptic cell

cardiac

Heart muscle type, heart beat.

functions of neuromuscular junction.

Includes Neurotransmitters and Actylcholineterase

muscle fibers

Many of these make up a muscle. each muscle fier is a single long, cylindrical cell that has many nuclei. Most of its volume is occupied by about a thousand myofibrils.

skeletal

Multinucleate

skeletal

of or relating to or forming or attached to a skeleton

fatigue

physical or mental exhaustion

effects of aging

reduce muscle mass, increased time for muscle to contract in response to nervous stimuli, reduced stamina( psy) increased recovery time, relaxation, loss of muscle fibers, decreased den sity of capillaries in muscle.

muscular

results from atp depletion.

anaerobic respiration

series of ATP producing reactions that do not require oxygen


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