FYC4622 Quizes

Frame Error : Appropriate means to avoid or minimize this error?

Make sure list is current and complete

O

Test, Measurement, or questionnaire

Where does devising a marketing strategy fit into a logic model? For full credit, CHECK all correct choices.

-situation/priorties -Inputs

Selection Error: Appropriate means to avoid or minimize this error?

Eliminate duplication from lists

Which of these statements is/are true of questionnaire design and survey procedures? For full credit, CHECK all correct choices. A) Group similar questions together (such as by topic or scoring method). B) Use an outline approach ... number each question. Make the first questions relevant to the title/purpose and easy to answer. C) Include simple instructions such as how to complete each section, how to mark answers (pen/pencil, circle, check, etc.) D) Include loaded and double-barreled questions to make the questionnaire interesting to complete so the respondent won't get bored.

- Group similar questions together (such as by topic or scoring method). - Use an outline approach ... number each question. -Make the first questions relevant to the title/purpose and easy to answer. -Include simple instructions such as how to complete each section, how to mark answers (pen/pencil, circle, check, etc.)

Which is NOT a key step in program development outlined in the article by Diem? -Develop goals for programs based on the personal interests of the individual(s) responsible for planning the program. -Assess resources available to conduct programs. -Determine priorities. -Determine specific, measurable objectives for the programs selected. -Conduct the program according to plans based on the objectives set. -Measure program impacts using suitable evaluation methods and tools. -All of the above are key steps in program development.

-Develop goals for programs based on the personal interests of the individual(s) responsible for planning the program.

Check all correct choices regarding how much money will be needed to break even financially in a program or event a) Is a factor in determining the cost being charged per participant b) should enable a sizeable profit to be realized c) depends on who is counting the money d) Is not important if the organization has lots of resources e) Can be reduced if there are sponsors or grants available to subsidize costs

-Is a factor in determining the cost being charged per participant - Can be reduced if there are sponsors or grants available to subsidize costs

Which of these statements is/are true of effective questionnaire design and survey procedures? A) Keep the questionnaire as short as possible (without jeopardizing reliability). B) Focus on "need to know" questions and minimize "nice to know" information. C) Put most important questions up front because respondents may get fatigued or hurried by later questions. D) Be sure to include questions about demographic information at the very beginning of the questionnaire. E)Avoid "double-barreled" questions that confuse the respondent into not knowing how to answer.

-Keep the questionnaire as short as possible (without jeopardizing reliability). -Focus on "need to know" questions and minimize "nice to know" information. - Put most important questions up front because respondents may get fatigued or hurried by later questions - Avoid "double-barreled" questions that confuse the respondent into not knowing how to answer.

The economic impact of volunteers can be indicated by: a) The hourly rate for volunteer time multiplied by the number of hours of volunteer time dedicated b) The amount of funds raised or other resources acquired by volunteers c) The amount of savings to the organization from utilizing volunteers instead of paid staff. d) None of the above

-The hourly rate for volunteer time multiplied by the number of hours of volunteer time dedicated -The amount of funds raised or other resources acquired by volunteers -The amount of savings to the organization from utilizing volunteers instead of paid staff.

Why is a volunteer description important? a) To provide required Form 99A paperwork to the federal government including the IRS b) to give a volunteers clear expectations c) to explain relationships between volunteers, staff and others. d) None of the above (this is a trick question; only paid staff need position descriptions)

-to give a volunteers clear expectations -to explain relationships between volunteers, staff and others.

According the instructor presentation based on required reading, what are three ways to obtain data about people to evaluate program impact on your clientele?Hint: In the space provided below, type a single word that belongs in the blank before each word. 1. __________ them. 2. __________ them. 3. __________ them.

1) Ask 2) Test 3) Observe

According to the instructor presentation, what are at least two (2) ways that barriers to youth-adult partnerships can be overcome?

1) Invite and incorporate a diverse range of young people to participate. 2) Develop a sense of belonging and security for young people.

According to the instructor presentation, based on the Ting-Toomey "Four-stage intercultural communication competence: A staircase model," what is the proper order of stages of cultural competence? Match the correct step with the number from the diagram below. Use a number only once.

1) Unconscious Incompetence 2) Conscious Incompetence 3) Conscious Competence 4) Unconscious Competence

Which is/are true of a S.W.O.T. analysis? . a) A basic model that provides direction and can serve as a basis for the development of organizational plans. b. Opportunities and Threats are internal factors. c. Strengths and Weaknesses are external factors. d. All of the above.

A basic model that provides direction and can serve as a basis for the development of organizational plans.

According to Kotler (as quoted in the article by Diem), the marketing concept is: a. A management orientation that assumes that consumers will either not buy or not buy enough of the organization's 'products' unless the organization makes a substantial effort to stimulate their interest in its 'products'. b. A management orientation that holds that the key to achieving organizational goals consists of the organization's determining the needs and wants of target markets and adapting itself to delivering the desired satisfactions more effectively and efficiently than its competitors. c. A management orientation based on producing and selling as much product to consumers as possible in the shortest amount of time. d. All of the above e. None of the above.

A management orientation that holds that the key to achieving organizational goals consists of the organization's determining the needs and wants of target markets and adapting itself to delivering the desired satisfactions more effectively and efficiently than its competitors.

According to the instructor presentation, which is NOT true of culture: A) An integrated system of learned behavior patterns that are characteristic of the members of any given society. B) The total way of life of particular groups of people. It includes everything that a group of people thinks, says, does, and makes — its systems of attitudes and feelings. C) A pattern of individual behavior. D) Learned and transmitted from generation to generation. E) All of the above are true of culture.

A pattern of individual behavior.

In a logic model, why is a Situation Statement important? Type a short answer in the space below.

A situation statement is important for a number of reasons. The situation statement essentially gives you an understanding of the potential interest and needs of the clientele, and a basic understanding of the status of the clientele. Additionally, it helps guide the future work, as it identifies a focus so that priorities can be determined. Ultimately, it helps others understand the context, and reason for the mission, efforts, and goals.

In the context of FYC4622, what is a youth-adult partnership?

A youth-adult partnership is when young people and adults are working together to build stronger communities. Often, this involves both parties learning from each-other, sharing power, and challenging each-other. In this partnership, all individuals should have an equal opportunity to engage in the action, decision making and whole project.

You are conducting survey research. You send out 100 questionnaires and receive 51 completed questionnaires from subjects. Write an answer for A & B in the space provided below. A. What is the response rate? B. At this response rate, should you be concerned about non-response error? Explain in the space provided.

A) 51% B) I would be somewhat concerned about a non-response error. This is because a response error of 50-60 percent is usually considered an acceptable return rate for survey research, and our return rate is right at 51%. Anytime that 100% of subjects do not respond caution should be exercised. It really would depend on how representative the 51% response was of a diverse population, if the 51% is not representative, then we would be more concerned.

According to the Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity (DMIS) featured in the instructor presentation, which terms are all ethnorelative stages of intercultural sensitivity?

Acceptance, Adaptation, Integration

According to the instructor presentation and article by Diem, four major categories of promotion that can be included in an organization's promotion mix are:

Advertising Personal Selling Publicity Sales Promotion

Which of the following is NOT true regarding use of open-ended questions in surveys: A) "Essay" questions make the survey look more like a test at school and gives the impression the form is a lot of work. B) Are difficult to score and summarize. C) Field testing a questionnaire with open-ended questions can help identify common answer categories that could be made into fixed-response (multiple choice) questions. D) Give respondent room to comment about individual questions or survey as a whole, such as by asking for "Any additional comments or suggestions?" E) All of the above are true statements about appropriate use of open-ended questions

All of the above are true statements about appropriate use of open-ended questions

Which of these are NOT true about descriptive survey research? a. The researcher gathers data from a large group of subjects, via mail, telephone, in-person interviews, or even "the web." b. Since information is gathered at one point in time, survey research is sometimes referred to as a status or normative study. c. Relationships between variables are not explored. d. Examples include public opinion surveys, needs assessments, follow-up studies, etc. e. All of the above are true statements about descriptive survey research. f. A, B, & D only

All of the above are true statements about descriptive survey research.

Where does building collaborative relationships fit into a logic model AND why? (Choose and explain at least one correct part of the logic model).

Building collaborative relationships fits into situation, priorities, inputs and outputs. Building collaborative relationships fits into priorities, as the team must learn how to work collaboratively in order to establish the programs mission, vision, values and more. Collaboration is a huge part of the priorities when program planning. Collaborative relationships that are formed with investors, and other programs are also done within this stage of the logic model.

What are good reasons for or benefits of understanding diversity of prospective program participants? (Provide at least one valid reason.)

By understanding diversity of prospective program participants you are building a more inclusive program. In order to attract underrepresented audiences to participate in your program, you must understand the diverse audiences needs and differences. Different people might need/expect different program methods and content, this is why it is important to understand that not all prospective program participants are going to look or respond the same. When planning your program you should prepare for a diverse group of participants who might need/expect different things.

What is collaboration in general terms AND why is it beneficial to program development?

Collaboration, is individuals working together towards a common goal, or end result. Collaboration is beneficial to program development, because what a group of people can do together, if they are on the same page, is far more and more productive than what one person can do on their own. Programs are able to have farther outreach, and capacity to growth, if there is a team behind them that is working together towards the common mission of the program. Additionally, when there is equal representation of diverse members within a program development team, the program will be able to cater to a larger audience rather.

According to Bennett (as quoted in the instructor presentation), "Categories of subjective ___________ usually include ethnicity, gender, regionality, socioeconomic class, physical ability, sexual orientation, religion, organization, and vocation."Choose the correct term missing in the blank line above: a. Personality b. Cultural diversity c. Racial discrimination d. Ethnorelative stages of intercultural diversity e. Mindfulness f. None of the above g. D & E

Cultural diversity

Explain why defining and serving "target audiences" is not necessarily the same as discriminating against certain people?

Defining and serving "target audiences" is not at all the same as discriminating against certain people. Often it is necessary to both define and serve a target audience within different programs. This simply means you are identifying and focusing on certain populations who would most benefit from your program. For example, if you were discriminating against a certain group of people you would be actively avoiding, or leaving out that group. Focusing on a target audience is not that, you are simply putting more attention and focus into the group that would most benefit from your program. Other groups are not excluded, or discouraged to use the product, they just may not benefit as much as the target audience would.

According to the instructor presentation, based on "Marketing Programs to Diverse Audiences," which is NOT one of four common errors of conventional marketing? A) Lumping all the members of your target audience into an undifferentiated mass of people. B) Developing a separate marketing mix for each of your target audiences. C) Considering diversity as a matter of image building by adopting symbolic minority representation in your marketing campaigns or by merely translating your message into different languages. D) Interpreting diversity through the lens of charity to be offered to others. E) All of the above are errors in conventional marketing when marketing to diverse audiences.

Developing a separate marketing mix for each of your target audiences.

Explain why differences in learning styles and cultural differences of audiences being served may be intertwined.

Differences in learning styles are often intertwined with cultural differences, as culture beliefs and values often influence the way in which individuals prefer to process and learn information. For example, in a collectivist culture common in areas such as south America, and Asia, their culture values community, and relationships. This would likely influence the style they prefer to learn in, as they may be more inclined then individual cultures who want to learn in group settings, with lots of collaboration. Different cultures also may have different cultural norms which may influence their preferred learning style. If they have oral traditions for example, this would cary into the way in which they prefer to learn information. 40% of what determines someones learning style is acquired through experience, ones culture effects their experiences!

Simple Random: appropriate sampling method?

Draw Names from a hat

Stratified Random: appropriate sampling method?

Draw separate names from each sub group

Explain the relationship of Situation, Inputs, Outputs, and Outcomes/Impacts in a logic model.

Each piece of the logic model is interconnected and related in some way. The Inputs and Outputs are the "response" to the situation, and the outcomes/impacts are the results of the response. The situation is the needs, once the needs are established we can then enter into the process of program planning which includes the inputs and the outputs. After the process the outcomes and impacts are a direct result of the needs which were addressed by the process (inputs +outputs). All together these parts of the logic model make up a logical sequence which outlines the steps from the initial needs and context to the desired outcome and impacts of the program. In order to produce inputs and outputs, there has to be a starting point or context which is the situation. Once the situation is understood the inputs are gathered, which are what enable the program to operate. The outputs are the activities, or products of a program, they wouldn't be possible without the inputs invested. The outcomes/impacts wouldn't be possible with the situation, inputs and outputs.

In a logic model, what role does evaluation play and where does it apply

Evaluation applies to every part of the logic model, and should be included in every part of the logic model. Throughout each stage of the logic model, things should be checked and verified, this is evaluation. In the situation component of the logic mode, evaluation must be completed to evaluate the needs of the target population. The potential barriers must also be assessed in this stage. Then in the inputs, process evaluation is necessary to establish the needed resources and understand which should be prioritized where. Additionally process evaluation looks at participants reactions and involvement, and the ways in which the program can most effectively be implemented. Outcome evaluation looks at what is working or not working within outputs, and impact evaluation looks at the net effects, final consequences and over long term impact.

Which is NOT true about understanding cultural norms for program planning? A) Helpful in understanding groups of people. B) Intended as general guides - not absolutes for all members of an ethnic group. C) Excellent for predicting individual behavior. D) Provides broad understanding but must not be used to stereotype individuals within a group. E) There is as much variation within a group as between them. D) All are true about cultural norms.

Excellent for predicting individual behavior.

Which of these statements is written in active voice? a) Fifty percent of the youth participating increased their reading scores by at least one grade level. b) Reading scores were increased by at least one grade level for the youth participating. c) Both statements are written in active voice. D) Neither statement is written in active voice.

Fifty percent of the youth participating increased their reading scores by at least one grade level.

Non-response error: Appropriate means to avoid or minimize this error?

Follow-up with non respondents or compare respondents to the population

External Validity

For whom are the data true?

Describe the significance of Hart's Ladder of Participation in the context of youth-adult partnerships.

Hart's Ladder of participation, signifies the different levels of participation that youth have in a youth-adult partnership. As the ladder goes up in stages, youth have more and more participation in the youth-adult relationship. This ladder is significant as it shows that more common then not barries in youth-adult relationships originate from adults. It shows that the relationship ultimately becomes more beneficial, when youth are given more power and control than adults may believe they deserve within the partnership.

Reliability

How consistent are the results?

Write an example of a research question

How many hours of sleep does the average college student get per night?

According to the instructor presentation (based on the Reynolds & Valentine Guide to Cross-Cultural Communication), explain the difference between monochronic and polychronic cultural orientations and communication styles (1 point) AND how it may affect program planning (1 point).

In Monochronic cultures, one task or thing is focused on at a time and usually done in an assigned order, the culture in general follows a linear orientation. Polychronic cultures focus on many things at one time and this translates into their time management. There is a stronger emphasis on context, working together, and relationships. Where in Monochronic culture there is a stronger emphasis on directness, individuals, and linear logic. In monochronic culture the communication style is very direct, and efficient, there is more emphasis on the main points or content rather than the detail. In Polychronic cultures the communication is overall much more social, laid-back and indirect. There is a lot of accompanying details and back-round information. When planning programs, it is critical to assess whether you are primarily serving a polychronic or monochronic culture. If planning a program for a monochronic culutre you would consider factors such as the timeliness of the program, whether it follows a linear path, and how direct it is. If planning for a monochronic audience you may be more inclined to add more details and context to the programs, and explore how to make things more collaborative. When working with individuals who fall more in line with a monochronic culture, you can rely on them more heavily to accomplish individual tasks efficiently and in order. While those coming from polychronic cultural backrounds might enjoy planning in a more collborative setting, with less time constraints.

According to the instructor presentation (based on the Reynolds & Valentine Guide to Cross-Cultural Communication), explain the difference between individual and collective cultural orientations and communication styles AND how it may affect program planning

In individual or individualistic cultures, people's behaviors are motivated according to their own self-interest. They value their personal preference, and prioritize independence and sufficiency. Their communication style is direct, and they rely one person to person conversation and content. They prefer communication that is much more concise and focused on the content. If we were planning a program for participants who are members of an individualistic culture, we would cater the program to them by making information shared concise, and content focused, avoiding fluff. We also would prioritize individual growth and work time, rather than group activities. In collectivist cultures, groups are prioritized, the group or community comes first and the individuals second. They prioritize relationships among each-other, and live life very collaboratively. Their communication style is much less direct, and they generally rely more on context such as body language, tone, and eye contact more heavily than they do the content on the communication. When planning a program for a collectivist community, it would be important to include mainly group activities, and emphasis the importance of collectivism and reliance on each-other. The emphasis of the program should be growing together, or learning together as a community or group.

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Non-Equivalent comparison group

According to the instructor presentation (based on research by Jennifer J. Deal), explain why generational differences may be overrated regarding their effect on the workplace and/or in programs being planned for diverse age groups.

In the instructor presentation, the perspective of Jennifer J. Deal was shared, she essentially found that the conventional wisdom about generational differences in the workplace in generally wrong. She believes, that across generations, we actually share much more in common that the myths, and stereotypes try to make us believe. Overall, generational differences aren't what make a dramatic negative effect in the workplace or in programs, but rather the miscommunication and misunderstanding between generations. The presentation went through lots of ways that generations are actually similar, and at the end of the day hold similar desires and values.

Where do volunteer resources primarily fit into a logic model?

Inputs

Where does logistics planning primarily fit into a logic model?

Inputs

Which is the correct definition about confidential treatment of respondent information? For full credit, CHECK all correct choices. a. Name or other identifiers are used to follow-up with non-respondents or match data from pre-test/post-tests. b. Individual data are not shared with anyone. Information is not used for any other purpose. c. Name is not asked of respondents. d. Since no identifying codes are used, the researcher is unable to follow-up with non-respondents or match data from pre-test/post-tests.

Name or other identifiers are used to follow-up with non-respondents or match data from pre-test/post-tests. Individual data are not shared with anyone. Information is not used for any other purpose.

Which is the correct definition about confidential treatment of respondent information? For full credit, CHECK all correct choices. a. Name or other identifiers are used to follow-up with non-respondents or match data from pre-test/post-tests. b. Individual data are not shared with anyone. Information is not used for any other purpose. c. Name is not asked of respondents. d. Since no identifying codes are used, the researcher is unable to follow-up with non-respondents or match data from pre-test/post-tests.

Name or other identifiers are used to follow-up with non-respondents or match data from pre-test/post-tests. Individual data are not shared with anyone. Information is not used for any other purpose.

Which level of collaborative relationship would this description be most accurately labeled as? Purpose •Dialog and common understanding • Clearinghouse for information • Create base of supportStructure • Loose/flexible link • Roles loosely defined • Community action is primary link among members Process • Low key leadership • Minimal decision making • Little conflict • Informal communication

Networking

Treatment (Your program)

No correct answer provided

Census: appropriate sampling method?

No correct choice provided

Hypo analysis

No correct choice provided

Internal Validity

No correct choice provided

Post-data consistency equivalent

No correct choice provided

According to the instructor presentation, what are barriers to youth-adult partnerships that originate from adults? List at least one.

One barrier is when children are not informed of the projects real purpose or mission. They are told what to do, and how to do it, but Adults never give them information of the why behind this. Another issue that originates from adults, is when youth are not given a choice in their role.

Pretest-Posttest is a very common evaluation method used for family, youth, and community programs. However, it is a weak research design. Explain why.

One risk involved with the pretest-posttest evaluation method is maturation. With this method, of a pretest prior to the programming and a post test after, data is at risk of being skewed because program participants' performance could have been improved as a result of simply gaining life experience over time. The risk of maturation is particularly significant in studies involving children and adolescents. Family, Youth and Community Science programs commonly are targeted to youth and adolescents therefore using the pretest-posttest method in studies with youth and adolescents can lead to a significantly large risk of maturation. Additionally, when using this method there is often not a control group. Without a control group for comparison it is difficult to ascertain whether the observed changes are due to the program or other factors.

Understanding learning styles is important because: a. People tend to learn more when taught according to their own strengths than when taught with the instructor's strengths. b. Most FYCS majors will become classroom teachers. c. Recognizing differences in ways individuals acquire, process, retain, and utilize new information helps program planners design programs . d. Because preferred learning style is nearly all based on inherited traits (biology/genetics), the program planner needs to understand how to compensate for differences in participants.

People tend to learn more when taught according to their own strengths than when taught with the instructor's strengths. Recognizing differences in ways individuals acquire, process, retain, and utilize new information helps program planners design programs

Consider these questions and statements from the instructor presentation based on a required reading. What are these statements indicative of? 1) Observe the program while it is happening. Listen to comments from participants. Make needed adjustments as the program is happening. 2) How effective was the promotion of your program? How did people find out about it? 3) Have the planning team evaluate how the planning went. Was it efficient? How can it be improved

Process evaluation

What are the four decision variables of a marketing mix ("the 4P's" of marketing)? Pick four.

Product, Price, Promotion, Place

According to Pride & Ferrell (in the article by Diem), "When an organization combines specific ingredients to promote a particular product, that combination constitutes a(n) ___________ for that product." Choose the correct term missing in the blank line above:

Promotion mix

R

Random assignment of subjects to treatment groups

Which is NOT a major element of learning styles according to the Dunn & Dunn Model of Instruction? Psychological Environmental Relational Emotional Sociological Physical

Relational

Where does understanding, planning for, and broadening the diversity of program participants fit into a logic model? Choose two

Situation/Priorities Outputs

Systematic Random: appropriate sampling method?

Start with a random number on a list and then sample every Xth name after that

Referring to the Dunn & Dunn Model of Instruction, explain at least three (3) ways that differences in learning styles of students are accommodated in FYC4622 despite a large class size.

The first way is by accounting for sociological elements during class time. Time is given in the class for team, group work, as well as individual, independent note taking during lecture. The second way different learning styles are accommodated for are by incorporating different elements of learning styles, their is phsycial elements adressed when we do group activities such as when we presented skits in front of the classroom, as well as emotional exercises where we are asked to asses a certain situation from different points of views. Lastly, physchological elements are adressed as their is reflective work, where a question is posed and time is given to think and reflect with the group or individually before answering, as well as excercises which account for both the left and right side of the brain, we look at facts and figures but also do creative assignments.

Explain the relationship between an independent variable and a dependent variable and provide an example of a plausible, related pair.

The independent variable is the variable that the researcher manipulates or controls, the dependent variable is the variable that is measured in order to assess the effects of the independent variable. Researchers must evaluate these two variables to understand how changes in the independent variable influences the dependent variable. An example of a plausible, related pair would be a study which examines the effect of working out and gaining muscle. The independent variable would be the workout time, and the dependent variable would be the muscle mass gained. The workout time is what is being manipulated and the dependent variable is what is being measured to see how the independent variable influences it.

Which is NOT true regarding sampling

The larger the sample the more sensible it is to conduct a census

Let's say you want to determine the effectiveness of a new science curriculum for 5th grade students in a public elementary school. Describe what research method you would use and why.

The method that is most appropriate in this situation would be experimental research. This method of research is best used in comparing two or more groups to determine the differences in the effect of different treatments received by each group. In this example, the two groups would be those who receive the new science curriculum, and those who receive the old science curriculum. A variable, the science curriculum is being manipulated in order to see if it causes a change in the dependent variable which is the test score or achievement of students.

Briefly explain why Internal Dimensions in the Four Layers of Diversity model are especially protected by anti-discrimination laws:

The most integral part of who humans are is the internal dimensions. These are factors such as race, age, ethnicity and gender. These characteristics can not be changed, individuals to choose to be a certain race or age. They are key components of individuals, who essentially make people who they are. Because they are the most essential and basic part of people's identity, they deserve the utmost protection again any form of discrimination.

The best definition for "O" in ISOTURE is -the process of stimulating and supporting volunteers efforts and developing the skills that will improve the quality of their work and enable them to be successful -The process of familiarizing volunteers with the organization and their new duties -The process of determining the results of volunteer performance and giving feedback

The process of familiarizing volunteers with the organization and their new duties

According to the instructor presentation and article by Diem, which is NOT a potential problem in implementing the marketing concept? a)Takes time, effort, money; requires good information. b. May result in conflict with tradition. c. By satisfying one segment of society, an organization sometimes contributes to the dissatisfaction of other segments. d. There is no mechanism for differentiating audiences and products. e. There is a limit to an organization's ability to satisfy clients' specific, exact needs. f. Effective promotion attracts participants to your program but marketing also requires a plan for what to do with them once you've got them. g. All of these are potential problems in implementing a marketing approach.

There is no mechanism for differentiating audiences and products.

Of the five levels of relationships described in the Collaboration Framework by the National Network for Collaboration, which is the best/most effective level ... AND why?

There is no one best/most effective level of collaboration. It is important to match the needs with the purpose. For example, if our organization needed to make a consensus all together then a level of collaboration that would best match that need would be collaboration."

What is the benefit of a Post-Then-Pre method?

This method involves giving the pretest and the posttest after the program is completed. The benefit of this method is that participants are able to have a realistic understanding of their knowledge or skills when they take the pre-test and post-test, because at this point they have already been through the education programing. Often, if you ask participants in a pre test before the programing, what their perceived ability or knowledge is, they will overestimate. The results are more accurate and not as skewed when given after the program is completed.

Explain at least one way you would plan programs to accommodate cultural differences without making false assumptions and stereotyping.

To avoid making generalized assumptions that are false about a community or culture. I would make sure to spend a large amount of time engaging with the specific community that I want my program to primarily serve. This would happen prior to, during and after program planning. It is important that as a program planner I am engaging with, and building genuine relationships with my target audience and community, so that I can best accommodate them, and not make assumptions about their needs or desires.

In Hart's Ladder of Participation, which level(s) is/are considered "non-participation?" A) Child-initiated and directed; Child-initiated, shared decisions with adults B) Adult-initiated, shared decisions with children C) Consulted and informed; Assigned but informed D) Tokenism; Decoration; Manipulation E) None of the above

Tokenism; Decoration; Manipulation

Where does understanding, planning for, and broadening the diversity of program participants fit into a logic model and why? (Choose AND explain at least one correct part of the logic model.

Understanding, planning for, and broadening the diversity of program participants fit in the situation +priorities stage of the logic model. Within the situation stage of a logic model, the needs and assets of the target community are established as well as the problems at hand. When it comes to understanding the diversity of program participants, do truly understand them you must understand their needs, and the specific problems they face. Additionally, the priorities stage of the logic model is where the mission, vision, values, and more are established. This is where the clear vision and mission to accomodate for and broaden the program to serve a diverse audience should be explained, explored and ultimately established. To properly plan for, understand and broaden the diversity of program participants, it must start in the very beginning of program planning within the situation+ priorities stage.

Measurement Error: Appropriate means to avoid or minimize this error?

Use Panel of experts to review questionnaire; field test with similar audience to respondents and pilot test with similar respondents

Sampling Error: Appropriate means to avoid or minimize this error?

Use a large random sample or conduct a census

According to the instructor presentation, based on "Marketing Programs to Diverse Audiences," which is NOT one of five keys to successfully marketing to diverse audiences? a) Value the cultural uniqueness of your target group. b) Value cooperation and bridge-building with community leaders and other organizations working within the community. c) Value the cultural beliefs, symbols, and practices of your target group. D) Value differences in languages, accents, practices, and social conduct. E) Value the belief system of the cultural group in which you were raised as the best means to understand other cultural groups . F) All of the above are keys to successfully marketing to diverse audiences.

Value the belief system of the cultural group in which you were raised as the best means to understand other cultural groups.

According to the article by Van Hook, the ethnocentric stages of intercultural development are: a. Viewed as a way to seek out cultural difference by understanding the importance of difference, by altering one's own perspective to take into account the perspective of others, or by integrating the importance of differences into one's own identity. b. Characterized by Adaptation and Integration stages. c. Viewed as a way to avoid cultural difference by denying, defending or minimizing the importance of difference. d. All of the above e. A & B

Viewed as a way to avoid cultural difference by denying, defending or minimizing the importance of difference.

When would you consider using an ex post facto design?

You would consider using an ex post facto design when experimental research is not possible. For example, if the treatment that is being evaluated is naturally occurring, and unable to be "controlled" then you would consider using this model. Essentially, if the independent variable is unable to be controlled or manipulated, the ex post facto design would be considered. This design is often used when using human subjects, in real life situations.

When planning, asking the question "if the program/event is an existing one, what is its past history and success?" is important to: a) Help identify programs that may be "sacred cows" b)Avoid Prior mistakes C) Make improvements D) Learn what has already been done E) None of the above

a) Help identify programs that may be "sacred cows" b)Avoid Prior mistakes C) Make improvements D) Learn what has already been done

"Set a schedule and stick to it. Start on time. End on time" These recommendations are important because: a) It fosters a reputation as a reliable program b) It respects the time of participants c) assists with meeting cost estimates d) None of the above (these recommendations are unnecessary because flexibility is more important)

a) It fosters a reputation as a reliable program b) It respects the time of participants c) assists with meeting cost estimates

Check all correct choices regarding valid reasons for volunteer selection and screening a) Protects youth and volunteers b) Protect the image and integrity of the organization c) Conform to laws d) Volunteer screening should only be conducted on a case-by-case basis if you suspect an applicant might be trouble

a) Protects youth and volunteers b) Protect the image and integrity of the organization c) Conform to laws

According to the article by Diem, implementing a marketing approach is important because: a) Using a marketing approach to program development can result in improved program quality as well as increased enrollment/participaton in the program. b. It ensures the proper cost-benefit analysis has been completed in order to calculate an accurate market capitalization figure. c. Utilizing marketing activities such as needs assessment will aide in ensuring the program remains current in meeting needs and interests of clientele, the community, and society. d. Promoting an accurate and relevant image is a key in making sure people realize the value of your program. choose all that apply

a) Using a marketing approach to program development can result in improved program quality as well as increased enrollment/participaton in the program. C) . Utilizing marketing activities such as needs assessment will aide in ensuring the program remains current in meeting needs and interests of clientele, the community, and society d) Promoting an accurate and relevant image is a key in making sure people realize the value of your program.

In the Collaboration Framework by the National Network for Collaboration, a matrix defines five levels of relationships and the purpose, structures, and processes for each level. What trend in purpose, structures, and processes is/are evident when going from the Networking level to the true Collaboration level?

a. No consistent pattern or trend exists (very low correlation). b. Less formal structure and communication, independent goals, casual leadership. c. More formal structure and communication, shared goals, strong leadership. d. A higher correlation coefficient. e. A standard normal curve. f. D & E

According to the instructor presentation (based on the National Clearinghouse on Families & Youth), why do generational differences exist and, therefore, affect program planning? For full credit, CHECK all correct choices. a. Young people are naturally open-minded and progressive, which is not true with older generations. b. Each generation experiences a very different world than the preceding generation and that the developmental process is affected by the external environment. c. Old people are inherently cranky. d. Each generation of young people must express its 'uniqueness' through music, dance, clothing, and interests that are different than the preceding generation. e. Because different generations are so different, people of different ages are best kept separated in programs being offered.

b) Each generation experiences a very different world than the preceding generation and that the developmental process is affected by the external environment. d) Each generation of young people must express its 'uniqueness' through music, dance, clothing, and interests that are different than the preceding generation.

According Pride & Ferrell (as quoted in the instructor presentation and article by Diem), "the organization must determine if it has the resources to produce a(n) ___________ that meets the needs of a particular target market and whether satisfying those needs is consistent with the organization's overall objective. It must also determine what competitors are already serving the given target market."Choose the correct term missing in the blank line above:

b. Marketing mix

A "group of persons for whom an organization creates and maintains a marketing mix that specifically fits the needs and preferences of that group" is: a. A specialized audience. b. A focus group. c. A target market. d. A random sample of a political demographic, usually based on the latest Census. e. None of the above.

c. A target market.

Which statement is NOT true regarding generational differences in family, youth, or community science programs? select all a) There will be differences in ages of employees in the workplace. b. Differences in values and expectations of people from different generations may affect relationships. c. Does not apply to youth programs since all participants are the same generation. d. Affects how and when programs should be offered and organized and promoted. Program employees and volunteers of different ages may need to be recruited, managed, and rewarded differently. e. B & C

c. Does not apply to youth programs since all participants are the same generation.

In the Product Life Cycle diagram below, the Decline phase: a. Can be avoided with popular products having lots of growth. b. Does not apply to non-profit programs. c. Requires the elimination of a product. d. Requires decisions or change. e. May represent a "Sacred Cow" program.

d. Requires decisions or change. e. May represent a "Sacred Cow" program.

Explain the relationship between sample and population

he population is the complete set of subjects that can be studied, while the sample is a subsect of these subjects who are studied in order to make a research project more manageable. The sample is taken from the population. The sample is drawn from the larger group which is the population in order to draw conclusions about the entire population.

Why is it important to have a SMART objective before conducting an evaluation study? Write an example of a SMART objective.

t is essential to have a smart objective prior to conducting an evaluation study because clear objectives aid in program development and evaluation. SMART objectives are specific, measurable, achievable, relevant and time-bound. All of these factors contribute to the objective being clear and therefore aiding in program planning and evaluation. An example of a SMART goal would be, "Conduct at least five large scale, informational training sessions per year. This goal is specific (large scale), measurable (five), achievable and realistic (we can assume there are enough inputs and people available to make this happen), and time bound (per year).

Explain why correlation does not imply causation. Give an example of two variables that might be correlated but unlikely that one causes the other.

ust because two variables are correlated, doesn't imply that causation exists between the two variables. Often, we can look at two variables and see that there is a correlation between them, this simply means that the two variables are linearly related. Correlation is looking at the extent to which two variables are linearly related, not the extent to which one causes the other, or the influence that they have on each other. For example, if you were to look at the variables ice cream sales, and drowning incidents. These two variables could be positively correlated when looking at the summer time as it is likely that as ice cream sales increase, so do the number of drowning incidents. However, it is highly unlikely that eating more ice cream leads to drowning, instead it is likely that a third factor, the warm weather leads to an increase in ice cream bought, and an increase in people swimming. The two variables don't have a causational relationship, but they do have a positive correlation between them.