General Sociology Final

Identify the false statements about the Indian caste system.

-The highest ranking caste in India's caste system is the vaisya caste. -In a caste system, members can marry across groups only when it is a single rank higher or lower than their own group.

The deadliest garment-industry accident in history occurred in April 2013 in Bangladesh. Approximately how many workers were killed?

1,000

In the mid-1990s, the children of divorced parents were about ____ times more likely to divorce than their peers from intact families.

1.5

Large social and economic changes followed from the domestication of plants and animals and the gradually increasing efficiency of food production. What do scholars call this type of revolution?

agricultural

According to Karl Marx, what is the condition in which people are dominated by forces of their own creation?

alienation

Match each form of alienation in Marx's analysis of capitalism to its alleged cause. -Workers feel no sense of personal satisfaction in producing goods that are owned and controlled by someone else.

alienation from one's product

Match each form of alienation in Marx's analysis of capitalism to its alleged cause. -Workers compete for scarce jobs and resources.

alienation from other people

Match each form of alienation in Marx's analysis of capitalism to its alleged cause. -Workers are dominated and oppressed by someone else.

alienation from owners

Match each form of alienation in Marx's analysis of capitalism to its alleged cause. -Work is merely a means of making a living.

alienation from the process of work

a large group of relatives, usually including at least three generations living either in one household or in close proximity

extended family

a social group whose members are bound by legal, biological, or emotional ties, or a combination of all three

family

What is the name of the stratification system that dominated Europe for centuries but was breaking down by the 1800s?

feudal system

Martha makes a living working four different jobs. In the morning she walks dogs for four neighbors on her block, then she picks up and delivers groceries for Instacart. In the afternoons and evenings, she likes to either drive passengers around using Lyft or provide childcare using KangaDo. What term best describes the modern type of economy that creates Martha's employment options?

gig

The cultural and economic changes resulting from dramatically increased international trade and exchange in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries are known as what?

globalization

What did Salesforce.com do that presents an example of "corporate conscience"?

in response to Indiana's religious restoration act, which allowed businesses to discriminate on the basis of sexual orientation, salesforce.com, declared a boycott on the state

Coined by Arlie Hochschild in her study of working couples and parents, what does the phrase "the second shift" mean?

it refers to the after-work homemaking chores of a wage-earning wife

a heterosexual couple with one or more children living in a single household

nuclear family

Which of the following is the U.S. Census Bureau's definition of family?

two or more individuals related by blood, marriage, or adoption living in the same household

Which social class category is comprised of people who live in poverty conditions and typically earn $15,000 or less per year?

underclass

Place each major poverty policy enacted in the United States in order from first to last.

social security, Medicaid, Personal responsibility and work opportunity reconciliation act

Maxine comes from a working-class background. Her father worked in construction his whole life and her mother was a stay-at-home mom who dropped out of high school but later got her GED. Maxine becomes interested in computer programming at a young age and spends many hours in the school library teaching herself. Maxine attends the state university on a scholarship. While there, she develops a valuable algorithm for identifying neurological diseases that makes her a multi-millionaire. She drops out of college to continue her work. Which term related to social class best describes the example of Maxine?

status inconstancy

ushered in more federally mandated health care coverage for millions of Americans

the Affordable Care Act of 2010

often referred to as the "bailout bill"

the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008

During which historical period did sweatshops originate?

the industrial revolution

What is Moore's Law?

the principle that the speed and capability of computers can be expected to double every two years, as a result of increases in the number of transistors a microchip can contain.

What are some examples of relative deprivation

-A lower-middle class family owns a house at the edge of a county where many rich people live. They have many highly educated neighbors nearby and cannot afford to shop at the multitude of upper-middle class stores in the area. -A low-income student earns a scholarship to a highly prestigious university. Her peers wear expensive clothes to class and drive nice cars. She wear clothes she bought at the thrift store and has to ride the bus to go anywhere.

What are some examples of absolute deprivation

-And underclass family lives paycheck to paycheck and often runs out of money near the end of the week and must seek additional assistance from food banks and churches. -A homeless man sets up on a street corner every day to scrape together whatever he can but often goes hungry and cannot find a place to stay when the local homeless shelter is at capacity.

Identify the characteristics of a socialist economic system.

-Citizens have access to resources such as health care, food, housing, and other social services to meet their basic needs. -Property and goods are mainly collectively owned.

Which of the following statements about modern service work are true?

-Service work is the dominant form of employment in the postindustrial economy. -In service work, situations arise when the worker's concerns, standards, and expectations conflict with those of clients. -Service workers face potential clashes with both clients and supervisors.

what is an example of income

-Social Security checks -royalty checks for writing a novel

Identify the true statements about the Indian caste system.

-The caste system is a reflection of what Hindus call karma, the complex moral law of cause and effect that governs the universe. -Caste-related segregation and discrimination were prohibited in 1949 by India's constitution.

Identify the factors that are sometimes included in the definition of social class

-education -income -wealth -occupation

Which terms represent measurements of intragenerational mobility?

-horizontal social mobility -vertical social mobility

Which of the following are types of slavery occurring in the world today?

-human trafficking -sex slavery -serfdom

Which categories make up the contingent workforce?

-independent contractors -temporary workers -contract company workers -on-call workers

what is an example of wealth

-money in a 401(k) account -stocks and bonds -equity in an owner-occupied home

What are examples of an expressive task.

-reading to children -remembering relatives' birthdays

what is intragenerational mobility?

-the movement between social classes that occurs during the course of an individual's lifetime -movement between social classes that occurs from one generation to the next

What are examples of an instrumental task.

-washing clothes -buying school supplies

What is the estimated number of people trapped in modern-day slavery?

40,000,000

In 2016, how many Americans lived below the poverty line?

41 Million

Which of the following is an example of Moore's Law?

A microprocessor introduced in fall 2017 will be half as fast as one introduced in summer 2019

A social scientist argues that inner-city families cannot escape a cycle of poverty because they see the lack of opportunities around them, decide that the world of the middle class is permanently closed to them, and do not try to maintain steady employment or send their children to college. What concept does this example highlight?

Culture of poverty theory

Max Weber suggests that wealth, power, and prestige must all be attained to reach upper-class status and any individual aspect of social class cannot be converted into another.

False

The different roles men and women perform to ensure the survival of their families were not considered unequal until the 1950s.

False

formerly known as the Food Stamp Program

SNAP

Regardless of age, race, or gender, people with more education are more likely to have health insurance.

True

TRUE/FALSE A Weberian perspective suggests that bureaucracies can deprive employees of a sense of autonomy, individuality, and control, while a Marxist perspective suggests that capitalist corporations can exploit their workers and cause alienation.

True

The average American now spends the majority of his or her life unmarried.

True

The only remaining purely socialist or communist countries in the world are Cuba and China.

True

The rate of divorce in the United States began rising in the 1960s and is still climbing today.

True

The textbook suggests that not all corporations are evil and states that corporations are adopting new forms of self-regulation as well as taking proactive measures to integrate social and ethical concerns into their business models. This is part of a movement called "CSR." What does "CSR" stand for?

corporate social responsibility

Some for-profit higher education institutions receive a large proportion of tuition payments via government grants and loans. These institutions may often attempt to enroll as many students as possible, regardless of their actual preparation for college. Thus, many suggest that for-profit higher education institutions are benefiting from a version of what?

corporate welfare

French sociologist and postmodernist Pierre Bourdieu suggested that social reproduction, or the tendency of social classes remaining relatively stable as class status is passed down from one generation to the next, occurs in part through the acquisition of what?

cultural capital

Choose the term that best completes the sentence.Because people living in poverty are less likely to vote or participate in political life, we suggest they are politically __________ .

disenfranchised

relatives or relations, usually those related by common descent

kin

a formally recognized bond between two spouses, establishing contractual rights and obligations between them

marriage

Under modern capitalism, a firm experiencing a strike can keep labor costs low by doing which of the following?

move operations to a country where workers do not have to strike

What is a open system?

movement between social classes that occurs from one generation to the next

Which statement about divorce and gender is true?

previously married men are more likely to remarry than previously married women

Which of the following is not a major system of stratification?

prison

What is intergenerational mobility?

refers to changes in social status between different generations within the same family.

Most individuals from which social class category generally depend on income from salaried work but often are financially stable?

upper-middle class

What does Max Weber consider the ultimate basis of class divisions?

wealth, power, and prestige