GEOG Exam #1

tropopshere

(~0 to 10 kilometers or 0 to 6.2 miles), you saw that temperature and pressure decrease as you move up from the Earth's surface.

1. Nitrogen gas (N2) 2. Carbon dioxide (CO2) 3. Argon gas (Ar) 4. Methane (CH4) 5. Oxygen 6. Water (H2O)

1. Most abundant gas in atmosphere 2. 0.039% by volume 3. Most abundant noble gas 4. From decomposition of organic matter 5. Exists as diatomic and triatomic molecules in atmosphere 6. Variable amounts (0.1% to 1.0%) by volume

a way to display spatial data

A GIS is what?

oxygen molecules and oxygen atoms

According to the figure, chlorine atoms change ozone molecules to what?

PM10

According to the graph, which air pollutant has dropped least?

Decrease

As pressure decreases, does the temperature increase or decrease when mass and volume are held constant?

Increase

As temperature increases, does the pressure increase or decrease when mass and volume are held constant?

does not increase

As you moved from 10,000 to 20,000 kilometers in the Balloon Experiment (https://scied.ucar.edu/virtual-ballooning) what happened to temperature? Look at your notes from the experiment or use the image below from mine.

absorbs ultraviolet energy from the Sun

At 30 km, you are in the stratosphere. This part of the atmosphere contains the ozone layer also called the ozonosphere that contains a layer of the gas ozone (O3). In part one of the weekly exercise, you learned about the different gases in the atmosphere. What does ozone do in the stratosphere?

stratosphere

At 30,000 meters (30 kilometers), which part of the atmosphere are you in?

Mesosphere

Based on your balloon results: Above 50 km, which part of the atmosphere are you in?

1. 0 to 10 km 2. 10 to 20 km 3. 20 to 48 km 4. 48 to 50 km

Based on your results, at what altitude does each of these part of the atmosphere occur? Select the closest values to your results. 1. Tropopshere 2. Tropopause 3. Stratosphere 4. Stratopause

one sink for gases

Chemical reactions in the atmosphere are

the stratosphere is too warm

Clouds in the troposphere end at the tropopause because __________.

LSU is 30.4 degrees North, so 30.4 degrees x 111 km/degree = 3374.4 km

Difference between LSU and the Equator

6615.6 km

Difference between LSU and the North Pole

0-200 km (0-124 miles)

Figure 1.4 of Living Physical Geography shows that pressure in the atmosphere decreases away from the Earth's surface to almost zero. Which part of the atmosphere has the largest change in pressure?

Warmer

For April 2013, was the daily mean temperatures colder or warmer than the climatological mean for April?

Hydrogen = Trace Oxygen = One fifth of the atmosphere (21%) Nitrogen = 78% of the atmosphere

For each of these diatomic gases, match the percentage by volume.: Hydrogen = Oxygen = Nitrogen =

Conic projection

Google Earth is a tool used commonly by geographers. Google Earth has several features that are useful in interpretation of the spherical map of Earth. In this week's activity, you used several features of Google Earth. Which of the following is NOT a feature of Google Earth?

noble gases

Group 18 in the far right-hand column is the

Warmer than normal (average)

How does April 2017 compare to the 30-year average? Was it colder or warmer than average?

decreases

How does air pressure change in the atmosphere from the Earth's surface to the top of the atmosphere?

Higher (warmer) than the climatological average

How does monthly mean temperature for April 2017 that you calculated in the activity compare to the 30-year climatological average? In other words, was April 2017 abnormal compared to the 30-year average?

90

How many degrees of latitude separate the equator from the North Pole?

volume decreases

If you have a balloon that was tied off (mass does not change) and you put the balloon in the freezer, what happens? Note: The pressure does not change in the freezer but temperature drops.

Pressure increases

If you have a pressure cooker that is sealed (mass and volume do not change) and you put the cooker on the stove and heat it up, what happens? This is why it is important to follow the directions before opening the pressure cooker to avoid bodily harm.

Pressure increases

If you have a soda can that is not open but still sealed (mass does not change) and you are in a room with a constant temperature and you squeezed the can so that its volume is smaller, what happens?

August

In 2013, which month had the highest daily maximum reading?

If mass and temperature are constant, pressure increases as volume increases

In part two of the this week's activity, you explored the Gas Laws and conducted experiments in the Animated Gas Lab http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/Animation/frglab2.html. The Animated Gas Lab has four variables - Mass, Volume, Pressure, and Temperature. To run an experiment, you can "freeze" or hold constant two variables then observed what happen to the other two variables. You conducted several experiments and recorded your results. Your observations follow the Gas Laws. Pick the result below that IS NOT one you observed (i.e., does not obey the Gas Laws). The animation below is one of the experiments and will help you with this question.

Almost zero, a near vaccum

In the thermosphere, the temperature increases, why does this happen? We can use the Animated Gas Lab (http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/Animation/frglab2.html) to simulate to the thermosphere. In the thermosphere, the altitude is quite high (80 to 480 km or 50 to 300 miles). What is the pressure in the thermosphere?

decreases to low pressure as you move up in the atmosphere because the density of gas decreases

In the this week's activity, you examined how pressure and temperature change with altitude in the atmosphere in the virtual balloon experiment (https://scied.ucar.edu/virtual-ballooning). In the experiment, you recorded the pressure and temperature as the balloon ascended to higher altitudes. As you traveled up into the atmosphere (increasing altitude), the pressure ________________.

Increases

Let us assume pressure is constant, close to zero, and volume is constant since the volume of the thermosphere is not changing greatly. In the Animated Gas lab (http://www.grc.nasa.gov/WWW/K-12/airplane/Animation/frglab2.html), click on pressure and volume to hold them constant. Then click on "The effect of changing mass with temperature." In the thermosphere, the density (density = mass/volume) of gas is decreasing with increasing altitude. If we assume volume is constant, then the mass is decreasing with increasing altitude. What happens to temperature as mass decreases?

2608.5 km (1621 miles)

Lines of latitude are ~spaced evenly (~111 km or 69 miles per degree). What is the distance between the Equator and the Tropic of Cancer?

1. Stratosphere 2. Mesopause 3. Thermopause 4. Ozone layer 5. Thermosphere 6. Troposphere

Match each item with the correct item. Please use each answer only once. 1. Joseph Kittinger jumped from a balloon in this part of the atmosphere 2. Coldest part of atmosphere 3. 480 km (300 miles) 4. Blockes UV radiation 5. High temperatures (up to 1200 C) but not hot 6. Where weather occurs

1. 1013 mb 2. 80 mb 3. 23.0 mb 4. 0 mb

Match the following altitudes to the correct pressure in mb, select the closest number. Your answer : 1. 0 kilometers = 2. 10 kilometers = 3. 20 kilometers = 4. 40 kilometers =

1. Geography 2. 180 degrees longitude 3. 1 inch = 1000 miles 4. Google Earth or a globe 5. 0 degrees longitude

Match the following terms or map descriptions with the correct answer. Please make sure to use each answer only once. 1. To write about the Earth 2. Opposite of the Prime Meridian 3. Map distance = 4.65 inches and real distance is 4650 miles 4. Spherical representation of the Earth 5. Prime Meridian

.1. Acid rain 2. Aerosols 3. Temperature inversions 4. Photochemical smog 5. Montreal Protocol 6. Clean Air Act

Match the following, please use each answer only once. 1. from nitrogen dioxide from car exhaust reacting with water 2. soot, dust, sea salt, and pollen 3. keeps pollution trap near Earth's surface 4. car exhaust 5. chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) 6. Limits pollution released into atmosphere

1. Tropic of Cancer 2. Equator 3. 66.5 degrees South 4. Midnight Sun 5. No shadow at Noon 6. 23.5 degrees South

Match the following, use each only once. 1. Location of subsolar point for Northern Hemisphere Summer Solstice 2. Location of subsolar point during September Equinox 3. Antarctic Circle 4. North Pole on June 21st 5. Subsolar point 6. Tropic of Capricorn

1. A 2. C 3. D 4. B 5. E

Match the letter to the correct choice, use each letter once. 1. Plane of the Ecliptic 2. Nighttime 3. Circle of Illumination 4. Plane of the Equator 5. Axis of Rotation

1. A 2. B 3. D 4. C

Match the letters to correct choice, use each only one. 1. Vertical ray (90 degrees sun angle) 2. Subsolar Point 3. Tangent ray (0 degrees sun angle) 4. Oblique ray (<90 and >0 degree sun angle)

1. B 2. C 3. A 4. D 5. E

Match the letters to the correct choice, use each once. 1. Antarctic Circle (66.5 degrees S) 2. Arctic Circle (66.5 degrees N) 3. Equator (0 degrees) 4. Tropic of Cancer (23.5 degrees N) 5. Tropic of Capricorn (23.5 degrees S)

At latitudes greater than the Arctic and Antarctic Circles

Midnight Sun?

35

Ninety-five degrees Fahrenheit is equal to __________ degrees Celsius.

4.65 inches × 1000 miles per inch = 4650 miles.

On a map, you use a ruler to measure the distance. Let's say you measure the distance between London and Baton Rouge on a map as 4.65 inches. The map scale is 1 inch = 1000 miles. What is the real distance between Baton Rouge and London in miles? Note: Please write your answer without a comma (e.g., 1200 not 1,200).

"variable"

Other gases are ______________as their concentrations can change, but all are considered trace gases as well since their volume by percentage is low. All of these gases have different properties and locations in the atmosphere.

diatomic (2 atoms) and triatomic (3 atoms)

Others are ____________________ gases of the same element like Oxygen (O2) and Nitrogen (N2). Most gases in air are compounds of two or more elements.

dust storms

Referring to the map, what causes particulate matter to be high in the Sahara in northern Africa?

Argon gas (Ar)

Several gases in the atmosphere are from biological sources, either respiration, photosynthesis, or decomposition. Some atmospheric gases are man-made from industrial processes. Select the gas below that is not the direct result of biological or man-made processes (i.e., naturally occurring).

equator

The __________ divides Earth into two equal halves.

temperature profiles

The layers of the atmosphere (Troposphere, Stratosphere, Mesosphere, and Thermosphere) are defined by the

Neon, Helium, Hydrogen, and Xenon.

The other gases listed below are called "trace" gases and they include in decreasing amounts:

man-made processes or anthropogenic sources

The other source of gases in the atmosphere is

5400 miles / 10.8 inches = 500 miles for every 1 inch on the map. One inch equals 500 miles.

The real distance between London and San Francisco is 5400 miles. On a map, you measure the distance between London and San Francisco as 10.8 inches. What is the scale of the map?

biological processes

The source of some gases in the air is

"naturally occurring" or from geological processes like volcanic eruptions.

There are gases in the atmosphere that would occur on that Earth even if there was no life, these are called

1. 23.5 degrees North = June Solstice 2. 23.5 degrees South = December Solstice 3. 0 degrees = March and September Equinoxes

This is solstice and the beginning of southern hemisphere winter.: 1. 23.5 degrees N = 2. 23.5 degrees S= 3. 0 degrees

Thermosphere

This is why the _____________ has a high temperature, because the mass is decreasing.

30.4 degrees N, 91.2 degrees W

Tiger Stadium

Great circle

To save on aviation fuel, airlines schedule flight routes along the shortest distance between two points. The shortest distance between two international cities is along a _____________.

30 degrees and 25 minutes North, 91 degrees 10 minutes West

Using Google Earth, you found the latitude and longitude of LSU's main campus in Baton Rouge. Since LSU is a large campus, please round the latitude and longitude to the closest minute. Select the answer below that is closest to your determination of the latitude and longitude of LSU. The degrees and minutes are spelled out to avoid confusion on different computer systems.

December 21

What day of the year is shown in the figure below?

Temperature decreases

What happens as you move higher in the atmosphere above 50 km?

decreases

What happens to temperature as pressure decreases?

~100 km/degree as our conversion factor since LSU is at between the equator and 40 degrees north. 91.2 degrees west - 0 degrees prime meridian = 91.2 degrees x ~100 km/degree = ~9120 km/degrees A more precise conversion would be to use 96.49 for 30 degrees north W91.2 - 0 = 91.2 degrees × 96.49 km/degree = 8799.9 km = 9120 km

What is the approximate distance between LSU and the Prime Meridian in kilometers (km)?

4773 km

What is the distance between the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle? Choose the answer that is closest to your calculation.

71.05 degrees F

What is the monthly mean temperature for April 2017? Pick the closest value to the one you calculated in the activity using the data in the Excel file (April 1st to April 30).

Between 23.5 degrees North and 23.5 degrees South

What latitudes receive sunlight at 90 degrees to the surface of the Earth or vertical rays sometime during the year?

November and July

What month has the highest range of temperatures? The lowest range?

Pressure decreases and temperature decreases and then pauses with an increase at higher altitudes

What pattern do you see in temperature and pressure?

Decrease

When mass and pressure are held constant, does the temperature increase or decrease as volume decreases?

Increase

When mass and temperature are held constant, does the pressure increase or decrease when volume decreases?

decrease

When mass and temperature are held constant, does the volume increase or decrease as pressure increases?

the temperature increases

When pressure is constant near zero and volume is constant, as mass decreases

at the Equator

Where does the length of day remain the same throughout the year?

2017

Which April is warmer on average, 2013 or 2017? Change the year to 2017 to compare the charts.

Oxygen

Which element exists in the atmosphere as diatomic and triatomic molecules?

ozone

Which gas absorbs ultraviolet radiation?

Hydrogen, Nitrogen, and Oxygen

Which gases in air are diatomic of the same element?

Helium, Neon, Argon, and Xenon

Which gases in the air are noble gases thus non-reactive?

Carbon Dioxide, Water, and Methane

Which gases in the atmosphere are compounds of two or more different elements?

Boyle's Law

Which law describes what happens to pressure and volume when mass and temperature are held constant?

Charles' Law

Which law describes what happens to volume and temperature when mass and pressure are held constant?

c. 140 degrees south, 10 degrees west

Which location cannot exist?: a. 70 degrees north, 0 degrees east b. 10 degrees north, 123 degrees east c. 140 degrees south, 10 degrees west d. 1 degree south, 1 degree west

Melbourne Australia

Which location has the shortest day on June 21?

Nitrogen, Oxygen, and Argon

are classified as "major" gases of the atmosphere because these gases are the most abundant

Noble gases

are naturally occurring and are present from the formation of the Earth and radioactive decay of matter on Earth.

compound

consists of two or more atoms chemically bonded. Some of the gases in air are noble gases and do not form compounds.

sink

how gases are removed from the atmosphere.

Methane

is a byproduct of decomposition of organic material, a biological processes, but if you consider farms, agriculture, rice patties as man-made then you could argue it has man-made sources as well.

water

is a component of air but it varies in quantity and it occurs in its different phases (gas, liquid, or solid).

atmosphere

is a compressible fluid made up of gases whose molecules are pulled towards the Earth's surface by gravity.

element

is a substance that has one type of atom that shares similar chemical properties.

variability of water

is an important part of the hydrological cycle that drives our weather and climate. We will cover these water variations in detail later in the course.

methane

is liquefied natural gas and it can leak from pipelines, oil fields, and refineries. If you have ever seen the flaming stacks at a refinery, like those on the Mississippi River, those release methane of other gases burning, thus are man-made sources.

methane

is released from landfills

carbon dioxide

is removed from the atmosphere by complex reactions involving biological and geological processes such that the deep ocean is a sink for carbon dioxide.

Ozone

re-radiates infrared energy causes the temperature to rise in the stratosphere.