geog final 3
when a river reaches a base level, its forward velocity rapidly decelerates as it enters a larger body of standing water and a _____ is formed
delta
all processes that cause reduction and rearrangement of landforms are included in the term
denudation
which of the following is incorrectly matched?
denudation-endogenic
watersheds are defined by
drainage divides
which of the following is matched correctly?
marble--metamorphic
a rock transformed by an other rock through an extreme heat and/or pressure is referred to as
metamorphic
an element of combo of elements that forms an inorganic, natural compound is called a
mineral
exfoliation occurs because
overlying rock is removed, thereby allowing the unerlying rock mass to expand and fracture
in most areas, the upper surface of bedrock is partially weathered to broken up rock called
regolith
compressional stews along a fault an result in a dropped footwall block relative to the hanging-wall side, producing a
reverse fault
the ultimate base level is
sea level
what type of rock is derived from the bits and pieces of former rocks?
sedimentary
limestone is a type of _____ rock that forms when __________
sedimentary; calcium carbonate precipitates, or organic material containing calcium carbonate accumulates in a water environment
stream transport involves all of the following except
sheet flow
which of the following is an example of a 3rd order relief?
shenandoah valley
the state of georgia is principally within which major drainage basin
south atlantic gulf
when geologists or archaeologists dig downward into a unit rock or sediment, they are digging "back in time". this fact is based upon the principle of
superposition
normal faults are associated with
tensional forces
pulverized rock and clastic materials ejected violently during an eruption are called
tephra, or pyroclastics
a landslide differs from a debris avalanche in that
a landslide moves much more slowly than a debris avalanche
if the capacity of a stream is exceed, ___ will occur
aggradation
if material is to move downslope, it must overcome the force of
all above (inertial resistance of the material; the cohesion of particles to each other, friction)
which off the following supports the continental drift concept?
all the above (radiometric dating of rocks on either side of a spreading center; plant and animal fossil records; magnetic field patterns preserved in the rocks)
the general term for clay, silt, and sand deposited by running water is called
alluvium
maximum velocity in a stream is found at the
center and near surface, corresponding with the deepest parts of the stream channel
as strams velocity decreases, which of the following sizes of sediments will be deposited last?
clay
convergent plate boundaries are characteristics of
collision zones between plates
explosive eruptions tend to build up
composite volcanoes
the nucleus of old crystalline rock in each of the principal continental masses is called a
continental shield or craton
which of the following gives the correct sequence of layers in earth, from the surface to the center?
crust, asthenosphere lower mantle, core
when rock strata are strained beyond their ability to remain an intact unit, displacement occurs in a process known as
faulting
natural levees are created during
floods
the motion of seismic waves is initiated in a subsurface area along the fault plane called
focus, hypocenter
the fact that water expands as much as 9 % of its volume as it freezes is the basis of
frost action (freeze-thaw_
a hypsographic curve is a
generalized curve showing earths surface by area and elevation in relation to sea level
the science that specifically studies the origin, evolution, form, and spatial distribution of landforms is
geomorphology
continental crust is basically ____, where as oceanic crust is basically ____
granite; basalt
the greatest flow from rivers east of the continental divide in the rockies in the USA is into the
gulf/ atlantic drainage
which of the following lists is in the correct sequence from younger to older?
holocene, quaternary, cenozoic
the Hawaiian islands were formed as a result of
hotspot activity
what type of rock forms from the solidification of molten material?
igneous
consider the equation q=wdv. according to the equation, if Q remains constant, but w and d decrease (as when a channel becomes more narrow and shallow), the velocity will
incerase
an example of chemical weathering is
karst topography
the average size of desiment in a natal levee is ___ that found in the surrounding food plain
larger than
ocean floor subducts under continents b/c
the ocean floor is made of mafic (high magnesium content) material and is therefore more dense than continental material
uniformitarianism assumes that
the same physical process we see today are key to understanding the processes that have been operating throughout geologic time
the undulating form that gives earths surface its character and general configuration is called
topography
the disintegration and dissolving of surface and subsurface rock is called
weathering
which of the following lists of processes are in the correct sequence as to their occurrence in nature?
weathering, erosion, transport, deposition
a tributary that is physically unable to join the main channel on a floodplain is called a
yazoo tributary