geog final 3

when a river reaches a base level, its forward velocity rapidly decelerates as it enters a larger body of standing water and a _____ is formed

delta

all processes that cause reduction and rearrangement of landforms are included in the term

denudation

which of the following is incorrectly matched?

denudation-endogenic

watersheds are defined by

drainage divides

which of the following is matched correctly?

marble--metamorphic

a rock transformed by an other rock through an extreme heat and/or pressure is referred to as

metamorphic

an element of combo of elements that forms an inorganic, natural compound is called a

mineral

exfoliation occurs because

overlying rock is removed, thereby allowing the unerlying rock mass to expand and fracture

in most areas, the upper surface of bedrock is partially weathered to broken up rock called

regolith

compressional stews along a fault an result in a dropped footwall block relative to the hanging-wall side, producing a

reverse fault

the ultimate base level is

sea level

what type of rock is derived from the bits and pieces of former rocks?

sedimentary

limestone is a type of _____ rock that forms when __________

sedimentary; calcium carbonate precipitates, or organic material containing calcium carbonate accumulates in a water environment

stream transport involves all of the following except

sheet flow

which of the following is an example of a 3rd order relief?

shenandoah valley

the state of georgia is principally within which major drainage basin

south atlantic gulf

when geologists or archaeologists dig downward into a unit rock or sediment, they are digging "back in time". this fact is based upon the principle of

superposition

normal faults are associated with

tensional forces

pulverized rock and clastic materials ejected violently during an eruption are called

tephra, or pyroclastics

a landslide differs from a debris avalanche in that

a landslide moves much more slowly than a debris avalanche

if the capacity of a stream is exceed, ___ will occur

aggradation

if material is to move downslope, it must overcome the force of

all above (inertial resistance of the material; the cohesion of particles to each other, friction)

which off the following supports the continental drift concept?

all the above (radiometric dating of rocks on either side of a spreading center; plant and animal fossil records; magnetic field patterns preserved in the rocks)

the general term for clay, silt, and sand deposited by running water is called

alluvium

maximum velocity in a stream is found at the

center and near surface, corresponding with the deepest parts of the stream channel

as strams velocity decreases, which of the following sizes of sediments will be deposited last?

clay

convergent plate boundaries are characteristics of

collision zones between plates

explosive eruptions tend to build up

composite volcanoes

the nucleus of old crystalline rock in each of the principal continental masses is called a

continental shield or craton

which of the following gives the correct sequence of layers in earth, from the surface to the center?

crust, asthenosphere lower mantle, core

when rock strata are strained beyond their ability to remain an intact unit, displacement occurs in a process known as

faulting

natural levees are created during

floods

the motion of seismic waves is initiated in a subsurface area along the fault plane called

focus, hypocenter

the fact that water expands as much as 9 % of its volume as it freezes is the basis of

frost action (freeze-thaw_

a hypsographic curve is a

generalized curve showing earths surface by area and elevation in relation to sea level

the science that specifically studies the origin, evolution, form, and spatial distribution of landforms is

geomorphology

continental crust is basically ____, where as oceanic crust is basically ____

granite; basalt

the greatest flow from rivers east of the continental divide in the rockies in the USA is into the

gulf/ atlantic drainage

which of the following lists is in the correct sequence from younger to older?

holocene, quaternary, cenozoic

the Hawaiian islands were formed as a result of

hotspot activity

what type of rock forms from the solidification of molten material?

igneous

consider the equation q=wdv. according to the equation, if Q remains constant, but w and d decrease (as when a channel becomes more narrow and shallow), the velocity will

incerase

an example of chemical weathering is

karst topography

the average size of desiment in a natal levee is ___ that found in the surrounding food plain

larger than

ocean floor subducts under continents b/c

the ocean floor is made of mafic (high magnesium content) material and is therefore more dense than continental material

uniformitarianism assumes that

the same physical process we see today are key to understanding the processes that have been operating throughout geologic time

the undulating form that gives earths surface its character and general configuration is called

topography

the disintegration and dissolving of surface and subsurface rock is called

weathering

which of the following lists of processes are in the correct sequence as to their occurrence in nature?

weathering, erosion, transport, deposition

a tributary that is physically unable to join the main channel on a floodplain is called a

yazoo tributary