Geology 1 (origins, earth's interior, plate tectonics)

how do convection currents move the lithosphere

convection cells

what are the three basic types of tectonic plate boundaries

convergent divergent transform

A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other.

convergent boundary

the lithosphere gets

cooler

Which layer of the Earths interior has the lowest density

crust

which layer of earth has the lowest density

crust

early earth was a huge ball of molten rock with so separated layers but eventually three distinct layers formed in earth gradually overtime. What are the three layers of earth?

crust mantle core

What is the lithosphere composed of?

crust and the uppermost part of the mantle

what are the three layers of earth called?

crust, mantle, core

What is a divergent boundary? A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other producing fractions in the ice crust

divergent boundary?

because of the enormous compacting pressure the inner core is a

solid

inner core, outer core, mantle, crust

solid sphere in the center of the Earth

the asthenosphere is in a warmer environment and the lithosphere is in a colder (cooler) environment

true

true of false: the increase of temperature of a solid will cause the solid to become more elastic

true

true or false: Lithospheric plates move horizontally over earths surface due to convection currents located within the mantel

true

true or false: Most active geologic processes (earthquakes, volcanoes) are associated with plate boundaries.

true

true or false: Tectonic plate movement is a result of convection currents in the mantle

true

true or false: eruptions from ancient volcanoes led to the formation of our

true

true or false: the earths core consist of nickel and iron

true

true or false: the formation of the moon was the result of a major collision of a large rock body

true

are all solids elastic?

yes

why is the inner core not liquid

because liquid cannot closely compact material

during the early formation of our solar system what orbited the sun

both a and c

what is the source of heat inside the earth?

both b and c (residual heat and radioactive heat)

thick part of the earth's crust that forms the large landmasses

continental crust

which one is thicker oceanic or continental crust

continental crust

Hot =

scratches of rock (icy)

T or F: when one plate moves the rest moves with it

true

True or false: Heat causes solids to become weak

true

True or false: The asthenosphere is made of mantle material and does not contain crust material

true

approximately how long ago did the Big Bang take place

13 to 15 billions years ago

how many inches do tectonic plates mover per year?

2 inches

How many galaxies are known to be existing in our universe that man made technology has detected

200 billion

The age of the earth is thought to be about

4.6 billion years

What is mass?

A measure of the amount of matter in an object

What causes the convection currents in the mantle?

Cooler rock near the top of the mantle begins to sink as rock that was heated near the bottom of the mantle begins to rise

True or false: when forces are applied to the asthenosphere it will cause the asthenosphere to fracture and crack

False

True or false: when forces are applied to the lithosphere it will cause the lithosphere to bend and fold

False

true or false: the earths outer core is solid

False

you are sent to find denser rocks on planets. Where in the solar system should you look

closer to the sun

What are the outer planets?

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto (farthest from the sun)

What is the Big Bang?

The explosion that resulted in the formation and expansion of the universe (13.7 billion years ago)

how was our universe originated

There was a big explosion called the Big Bang. As a result of the explosion there was a lot debris which cooled down and these pieces became the stars and galaxies.

How was our solar system formed within the Milky Way

The gasses and dust inside the Milky Way broke down and flattened into a pancake. While the center became really hot which created the pre-sun which formed into our sun. When this whirlpool of dust and gas began to cool down, smaller particles formed. The tiny pieces crashed into each other and made larger pieces called planetesimals. Millions of years later these became the planets and of our solar system.

Mantle

The layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core.

Earth's crust

The thin and solid outermost layer of the Earth above the mantle (lighter things float to the top)

How did the ocean originate?

The water vapor from the volcanic explosion produced rain

How was the atmosphere originated

Volcano erupted with water and carbon dioxide, and other chemicals

When 2 tectonic plates collide together what do they form?

a battle

Where do most volcanoes and earthquakes occur on earth

along plate boundaries

What is matter?

anything that has mass and occupies space

earth has about 80 times more mass than the moon. what can you say about this fact?

earths gravitational force is stronger then the moon

What is a debris

explosion that cooled down and condensed into the first stars and galaxies

True or false: during earths gravitational separation from molten rock lighter elements headed towards the center of the earth

false

true or false: solid rock found in the asthenosphere is stronger and solid rock found in lithosphere is weaker

false

true or false: the earths magnetic field does not protect us from uv radiation from the sun

false

true or false: the outer planets are denser then the inner planets

false

what was the problem with Wagner's continental drift theory Wegener problem

he could not explain the mechanism that cause the continents to move

what is the process of convection currents in the mantle

heat from core rises up then goes horizontal on top and drags lithospheric plates floating on the mantle

the asthenosphere gets

hotter

what are the four outer planets mostly composed of

ice liquid and gas

which core is made from solid

inner core

which layer of the earth has the highest density?

inner core

which part of earth's core is solid?

inner core

What is the asthenosphere?

is the weak and easily deformed layer of earth that acts like a "lubricant" for the tectonic plates to slide over

the tectonic plates on earth are also known as

lithospheric

What are tectonic plates?

lithospheric plates= surface plates

which part of the mantle would be the densest (heaviest)

lower mantle

core

made of heavy elements (iron and nickel)

Heat from the core rises in the mantle and creates circular patterns affecting the plates above

mantle convection

What is density?

measurement of how much material is compacted into a space

What are the inner planets?

mercury, venus, earth mars; they are all close together and close to the sun

What are the four inner planets mostly composed of?

mostly metal and rock

List all seven major tectonic plates found on earth

northern America south America african Eurasia indian antartica pacific

What crust is denser oceanic or continental?

oceanic

what two types of crust makes up the surface of the earth?

oceanic and continental crust

which one has the highest density heavier the oceanic crust or the continental crust

oceanic crust

What is the Milky Way?

one of many galaxies where our solar system and earth formed

How do convection currents cause earths tectonic plates to move

our planet's surface move because of the intense heat in the Earth's core that causes molten rock in the mantle layer to move. It moves in a pattern called a convection cell that forms when warm material rises, cools, and eventually sink down. As the cooled material sinks down, it is warmed and rises again.

which core generates like a magnetic field?

outer core

which layer produces the earths magnetic field

outer core

which part of earth's core is liquid

outer core

example of one minor tectonic plate on earth

pacific plate

Fill in the blanks: heat ________ and cool __________ back down

rise, sinks

does increasing elasticity make a solid weaker or stronger

stronger

What are lithospheric plates?

surface material

cold =

swampy

what came first the atmosphere or the ocean

the atmosphere

How was the moon originated (created)?

the debris of the earth and the planetesimal crashing.

What are convection currents?

the flow that transfers heat within a fluid (plates are moving together)

What is gravity?

the force that attracts a body toward the center of the earth, or toward any other physical body having mass.

what caused the formation of these layers

the iron core was generated by a combination of radioactive decay and gravitation

what is the process of convection

the transfer of heat

Why do tectonic plates move?

the transfer or heat in earth's causes convection

What is the oceanic crust?

thin part of the earth's crust that underlies the ocean

Compared to the continental crust the oceanic crust is

thinner and denser

plates slide past each other, moving in opposite directions

transform boundary

what kind of boundary is formed when two lithospheric plates slide past each other?

transform boundary