Geology 1 (origins, earth's interior, plate tectonics)
how do convection currents move the lithosphere
convection cells
what are the three basic types of tectonic plate boundaries
convergent divergent transform
A plate boundary where two plates move toward each other.
convergent boundary
the lithosphere gets
cooler
Which layer of the Earths interior has the lowest density
crust
which layer of earth has the lowest density
crust
early earth was a huge ball of molten rock with so separated layers but eventually three distinct layers formed in earth gradually overtime. What are the three layers of earth?
crust mantle core
What is the lithosphere composed of?
crust and the uppermost part of the mantle
what are the three layers of earth called?
crust, mantle, core
What is a divergent boundary? A plate boundary where two plates move away from each other producing fractions in the ice crust
divergent boundary?
because of the enormous compacting pressure the inner core is a
solid
inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
solid sphere in the center of the Earth
the asthenosphere is in a warmer environment and the lithosphere is in a colder (cooler) environment
true
true of false: the increase of temperature of a solid will cause the solid to become more elastic
true
true or false: Lithospheric plates move horizontally over earths surface due to convection currents located within the mantel
true
true or false: Most active geologic processes (earthquakes, volcanoes) are associated with plate boundaries.
true
true or false: Tectonic plate movement is a result of convection currents in the mantle
true
true or false: eruptions from ancient volcanoes led to the formation of our
true
true or false: the earths core consist of nickel and iron
true
true or false: the formation of the moon was the result of a major collision of a large rock body
true
are all solids elastic?
yes
why is the inner core not liquid
because liquid cannot closely compact material
during the early formation of our solar system what orbited the sun
both a and c
what is the source of heat inside the earth?
both b and c (residual heat and radioactive heat)
thick part of the earth's crust that forms the large landmasses
continental crust
which one is thicker oceanic or continental crust
continental crust
Hot =
scratches of rock (icy)
T or F: when one plate moves the rest moves with it
true
True or false: Heat causes solids to become weak
true
True or false: The asthenosphere is made of mantle material and does not contain crust material
true
approximately how long ago did the Big Bang take place
13 to 15 billions years ago
how many inches do tectonic plates mover per year?
2 inches
How many galaxies are known to be existing in our universe that man made technology has detected
200 billion
The age of the earth is thought to be about
4.6 billion years
What is mass?
A measure of the amount of matter in an object
What causes the convection currents in the mantle?
Cooler rock near the top of the mantle begins to sink as rock that was heated near the bottom of the mantle begins to rise
True or false: when forces are applied to the asthenosphere it will cause the asthenosphere to fracture and crack
False
True or false: when forces are applied to the lithosphere it will cause the lithosphere to bend and fold
False
true or false: the earths outer core is solid
False
you are sent to find denser rocks on planets. Where in the solar system should you look
closer to the sun
What are the outer planets?
Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, Pluto (farthest from the sun)
What is the Big Bang?
The explosion that resulted in the formation and expansion of the universe (13.7 billion years ago)
how was our universe originated
There was a big explosion called the Big Bang. As a result of the explosion there was a lot debris which cooled down and these pieces became the stars and galaxies.
How was our solar system formed within the Milky Way
The gasses and dust inside the Milky Way broke down and flattened into a pancake. While the center became really hot which created the pre-sun which formed into our sun. When this whirlpool of dust and gas began to cool down, smaller particles formed. The tiny pieces crashed into each other and made larger pieces called planetesimals. Millions of years later these became the planets and of our solar system.
Mantle
The layer of hot, solid material between Earth's crust and core.
Earth's crust
The thin and solid outermost layer of the Earth above the mantle (lighter things float to the top)
How did the ocean originate?
The water vapor from the volcanic explosion produced rain
How was the atmosphere originated
Volcano erupted with water and carbon dioxide, and other chemicals
When 2 tectonic plates collide together what do they form?
a battle
Where do most volcanoes and earthquakes occur on earth
along plate boundaries
What is matter?
anything that has mass and occupies space
earth has about 80 times more mass than the moon. what can you say about this fact?
earths gravitational force is stronger then the moon
What is a debris
explosion that cooled down and condensed into the first stars and galaxies
True or false: during earths gravitational separation from molten rock lighter elements headed towards the center of the earth
false
true or false: solid rock found in the asthenosphere is stronger and solid rock found in lithosphere is weaker
false
true or false: the earths magnetic field does not protect us from uv radiation from the sun
false
true or false: the outer planets are denser then the inner planets
false
what was the problem with Wagner's continental drift theory Wegener problem
he could not explain the mechanism that cause the continents to move
what is the process of convection currents in the mantle
heat from core rises up then goes horizontal on top and drags lithospheric plates floating on the mantle
the asthenosphere gets
hotter
what are the four outer planets mostly composed of
ice liquid and gas
which core is made from solid
inner core
which layer of the earth has the highest density?
inner core
which part of earth's core is solid?
inner core
What is the asthenosphere?
is the weak and easily deformed layer of earth that acts like a "lubricant" for the tectonic plates to slide over
the tectonic plates on earth are also known as
lithospheric
What are tectonic plates?
lithospheric plates= surface plates
which part of the mantle would be the densest (heaviest)
lower mantle
core
made of heavy elements (iron and nickel)
Heat from the core rises in the mantle and creates circular patterns affecting the plates above
mantle convection
What is density?
measurement of how much material is compacted into a space
What are the inner planets?
mercury, venus, earth mars; they are all close together and close to the sun
What are the four inner planets mostly composed of?
mostly metal and rock
List all seven major tectonic plates found on earth
northern America south America african Eurasia indian antartica pacific
What crust is denser oceanic or continental?
oceanic
what two types of crust makes up the surface of the earth?
oceanic and continental crust
which one has the highest density heavier the oceanic crust or the continental crust
oceanic crust
What is the Milky Way?
one of many galaxies where our solar system and earth formed
How do convection currents cause earths tectonic plates to move
our planet's surface move because of the intense heat in the Earth's core that causes molten rock in the mantle layer to move. It moves in a pattern called a convection cell that forms when warm material rises, cools, and eventually sink down. As the cooled material sinks down, it is warmed and rises again.
which core generates like a magnetic field?
outer core
which layer produces the earths magnetic field
outer core
which part of earth's core is liquid
outer core
example of one minor tectonic plate on earth
pacific plate
Fill in the blanks: heat ________ and cool __________ back down
rise, sinks
does increasing elasticity make a solid weaker or stronger
stronger
What are lithospheric plates?
surface material
cold =
swampy
what came first the atmosphere or the ocean
the atmosphere
How was the moon originated (created)?
the debris of the earth and the planetesimal crashing.
What are convection currents?
the flow that transfers heat within a fluid (plates are moving together)
What is gravity?
the force that attracts a body toward the center of the earth, or toward any other physical body having mass.
what caused the formation of these layers
the iron core was generated by a combination of radioactive decay and gravitation
what is the process of convection
the transfer of heat
Why do tectonic plates move?
the transfer or heat in earth's causes convection
What is the oceanic crust?
thin part of the earth's crust that underlies the ocean
Compared to the continental crust the oceanic crust is
thinner and denser
plates slide past each other, moving in opposite directions
transform boundary
what kind of boundary is formed when two lithospheric plates slide past each other?
transform boundary