Geology Chapter 4

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gabbro

mafic, phaneritic

lava

magma on or above earths surface

Four compositional groups of igneous rocks in order from highest to lowest silica content

1. felsic 2. intermediate 3. mafic 4. ultramafic

Pegmatitic

Crystals larger than 1 cm

rhyolite

Felsic, Aphanitic

blast

mafic, aphanitic

Which of the following describes an aphanitic texture?

Rock is crystalline, grains to small to see with naked eye

plutonic

Synonym for intrusive

Peridotite

Ultramafic, Phaneritic

Processes magma undergoes to become igneous rock

a. cooling b. solidification c. crystallization

which paneritic igneous rock is compose mostly go quartz and potassium feldspar?

a. granite b. quarts and potassium feldspar

Factors affecting crystal size

a. length go time allowed for cooling (longer time=bigger crystals) b. amount of silica present (more=bigger crystals) c. amount of dissolved gases

which igneous rock have glassy textures?

a. obsidian b. pumice

What texture would typically result from a single, long period of cooling and crystallization?

a. pegmatitic b. phaneritic

Phaneritic

all crystals visible to the make eye (intrusive)

magma

all molten rock

Obsidian

compact volcanic glass, sometimes felsic

Pyroclastic

composed of broken pieces of volcanic rock and debris

Porphyritic

crystals are two different sizes texture: phaneritic or aphanitic

Aphanitic

crystals to small to see with naked eye or no crystals (extrusive)

granite

felsic, phaneritic

Vesicular

full of gas bubbles; frothy

intrusive

igneous rock that cold and solidify beneath the earths surface (inside the earth)

extrusive

igneous rock that cools and solidify on or above the earths surface

andesite

intermediate, aphanitic

Diorite

intermediate, phaneritic

which of the following best describes a porphyritic texture?

mineral grains different sizes, course and fine

Glassy

no crystals

which phaneritic igneous rock has the lowest silica content?

peridotite

volcanic

synonym for extrusive

How are igneous rocks classified?

texture: presence or absence of crystals composition: minerals or mineraloids present

pumice

volcanic glass, always felsic


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