Global Health Agencies
What are the Key actors in global health?
1. UN 2. Multilateral Development Banks 3. Bilateral Organizations 4. Private Foundations 5. Research Funders 6. International NGOs
When was the UN founded?
1945
Specialized Agencies Examples of Specialized Agencies
Autonomous organizations working with the UN 1. WHO 2. World Bank 3. IMF
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding the WHO? a. It leads the international health within the UN's system b. It is governed through its annual World Health Assembly c. It is a major financing agency for global health projects d. It is primarily a technical agency involved in advocacy and generation and sharing of knowledge
C The WHO does not finance global health projects
2) Which of the following NGOs is based in a lower middle income country? a. Doctors Without Borders b. Partners in Health c. BRAC d. CARE
C, BRAC
What main theme is needed for improvement of global health?
COOPERATION Creates consensus around health cause strengthens advocacy efforts Share knowledge, set global standards Enhance surveillance of disease outbreaks Assist in financing efforts
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation
Largest private foundation Supports: 1. Global Development works -> help people lift themselves out of poverty 2. Global Health work -> harness advances in science to save lives in developing countries 3. Scientific Discoveries
Bilateral Organizations What is the US one called?
Most high-income countries have an agency that directly provides aid to low/middle income countries to advance economic and social development US AID
what is BRAC?
NGO Founded in Bangladesh Largest NGO involved in international development main goal: reduce child and infant mortality Oral rehydration therapy Trained community healthcare workers are known as shasthya shebika
Doctors without borders MSF
NGO Medecins Sans Frontiers Umbrella org, 19 affliated countries Provide health services following humanitarian crises
Partners in Health
NGO Dr. Paul Farmer "bring benefits of modern medical science to those most in need of them" Long term partnerships with local sister organizations
Does the world health organization provide funding?
NO IT DOES NOT
primary federal agency for conducting and supporting medical research?
National Institute of Health
What are NGOs?
Non Governmental organizations Raise money from private sources or receive grants
Private Foundations
Philanthropic Foundations devise and fund health initiatives that might be politically unachievable
The Wellcome Trust
Private Foundation + Research Funder Sequenced 1/3 of the human genome uncovered genetic links to diabetes and cancer "supports the brightest minds in biomedical research" funds research and improves facilities in low income countries
The Rockefeller Foundation Main project over last 20 years
Private foundation Good at investing small amount of money to create large impacts focus on universal health coverage and food security over last 20 years -> developed partnerships between the public and private sectors in global health
Multilateral Development Banks (MDB)
Provide financial and technical support to developing countries -> increase economic strength, reduce poverty Provide LONG TERM LOANS below market rate Several, owned by each member country -> DEVELOPMENT!!
How does healthy people 2020 want to strengthen US national security? What are the two main concerns of healthy people 2020?
Through Global disease -> detection, response, prevention and control 2 main concerns: 1. Rapid identification/control of new infectious disease 2. non-communicable disease "lifestyle disease"
UN Children's Fund (UNICEF) Headquarters? Where does funding come from?
UN FUND Enhance health and well-being of children headquarters= NEW YORK funding- entirely voluntary contributions
World Health Organization
UN SPECIALIZED AGENCY direct and coordinate international health within the UN system Responsibilites: knowledge sharing global vaccination campaigns Respond to public health emergencies Defend against pandemics Eradicate life threatening diseases like polio
World Bank
UN Specialized Agency Focus on poverty reduction and increasing living standards How? -> provides low interest loans, interest free credit and grants to developing countries
Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
UN specialized Agency leads international efforts to fight hunger food insecurity and malnutrition *wants to eliminate poverty Sustainable usage of natural resources
Which is the specialized agency of the UN that focuses on promoting the well-being of children? UNFPA UNAIDS UNICEF UNDP
UNICEF
US AID
US gov agency involved in ending extreme global poverty *enable resilient democratic societies -> create free societies, trade partners for US
Examples of UN Programs & Funds
United Nations Development Program - coordinates global and national efforts to reach millennium development goals UNICEF (united nations children fund) World Food program (WFP) - provides food to meet emergency needs , support economic and social development
The U.N system What part is funded voluntary? What part is funded by assessed contributions?
United nations + 1. Affiliated Programs 2. Funds 3. Specialized Agencies Affiliated programs + Funds -> voluntary Specialized Agencies -> voluntary + assessed contributions
Which of the following organizations is NOT a US agency? PEPFAR USAID WHO CDC
WHO
What is "Essential Health Care"(EHC) in relation to BRAC?
community based approach to primary health care created by BRAC in Bangladesh