Government Final
the first female speaker of the house was
Nancy Pelosi
the ____ is the only federal court established by the constitution
US Supreme Court
what are the four joint committees in congress
economic, taxation, library, and printing
a U.S. senator has a ___ year term
six
what is cloture
the process by which three-fifths of the senate can end a filibuster
the lower house of the Oklahoma state legislature is called the house of representatives, and its ___ members distributed among separate house districts and serve ___ year terms of office
101; 2
members of the Oklahoma state legislature are subject to term limits and may serve not more than ___ total year sin the legislature, regardless of which legislative chamber in which they serve
12
women won the right to vote in
1920
there are ____ amendments to the US constitution
27
forty-eight states, including Oklahoma, hold gubernatorial elections every ____ year
4
the number of seats in the house of representatives has been fixed at
435; 1929
the Oklahoma senate is comprised of ___ members that are elected from separate state senate districts and serve ___ year terms of office
48; 4
large media conglomerates, such as the Hearst, McClatchy, and Gannett corporations, own approximately ___ of daily newspapers
75%
approximately ___ of the ____ bills introduced in a typical congressional session dies in committee
85%; 10,000
how many justices currently serve on the supreme court
9
in 2018, about ___ of US house incumbents won reelection
90%
which of the following supreme court cases illustrates the use of litigation by an interest group
Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas (1954)
what is a good example of media monopoly
Disney
which US president promoted his policy agenda to the American people through "fireside chats"
Franklin D. Roosevelt
___ warned Americans against the dangers of partisan politics in his farewell address
George Washington
the first two states to hold a presidential primary or caucus are
Iowa and New Hampshire
Interpret the Constitution
Judicial
the Latino voter is often referred to as "the sleeping giant" because
Latinos and Latinas vote at low rates relative to the group's size in the population
declare war
Legislative
make laws
Legislative
regulate commerce
Legislative
in 2010, Oklahoma elected ___ as its first female governor
Mary Fallin
what did the new jersey plan propose for congress
Representation would be equal for each state.
a political ideology is best defined as
a cohesive set of beliefs that form a general philosophy about government
an iron triangle is made up of an alliance between
a congressional committee, an interest group, and an executive agency.
which of the following is a good example of broadcast media outlet
a local television station
which of the following is the best definition of the elastic clause
a part of the constitution that empowers congress to make all laws "necessary and proper" to carry out its enumerated powers
a party platform
a party document that contains the philosophy, principles, and positions of the party
which of the following statements best characterizes media ownership in the United States
a small number of giant, privately owned corporations control most of the country's television networks, movie studios, record companies, cable channels, book publishers, magazines, newspapers, and digital media sites
what comes closest to describing the political system favored by the American founders
a system of representative democracy in which the ability to vote for elected representatives would be limited to the middle and upper classes
direct democracy is best defined as
a system that allows citizens to vote directly for laws and policies
which of the following is more likely to lead to a two-party system
a system with winner-take-all elections
how can congress override a presidents veto
a two-thirds vote in both chambers
Senators' longer terms of office and larger, more heterogeneous constituencies makes them more
a. attuned to the needs of groups and interests organized on a city-or countywide basis b. insulated from the pressures of individual, narrow, and immediate interests c. likely to serve existing interests than to bring together new coalitions of interests B
if a member of congress always votes according to the interests of the majority of her constituency, what kind of representation best describes her behavior?
a. delegate b. bicameral c. trustee d. unicameral A
a major risk of the delegate model of representation is that
a. no new laws will be passed because all representatives must agree before a bill can be enacted b. elected officials will spend too much time attempting to raise money for their next campaign because they must seek re-election so frequently c. elected officials will completely ignore their constituents preferences because they are following their own beliefs about which policies are best d. the voices of only a few active and informed constituents will be heard because most people do not pay close attention to every issue D
a senator who votes based on what she thinks is best for her constituency is called a
a. whip b. trustee c. delegate d. constituency B
All of the people living in a congressional district are the ____ of their member of Congress
a. whips b. agents c. delegates d. constituency D
the thirteenth amendment
abolished slavery
privately owned media companies in the united states earn most of their revenue from
advertising
the fifteenth amendment to the constitution guarantees
african american men the right to vote
___ is the power the media has to shape what issues Americans think about, and ____ is the power the media has to influence how Americans think about hose issues
agenda setting; framing
the power of media have to bring public attention to a particular issue is known as
agenda-setting
which of the following stories would an American news outlet that relies primarily on advertising revenue be least likely to cover
an economics professor providing testimony to a congressional committee on the effect of tariffs
the annexation of texas happened as a result of
an executive order
if the federal government passed a law that did not provide money to state and local governments but required them to construct wheelchair lifts at all train stations, it would be an example of
an unfunded mandate
imagine that canada is threatening to invade the united states over disputed territory. the united states decides to cede some of the territory to canada in order to forestall the war from happening. this is an example of
appeasment
the president can influence the federal judicial process in several ways, including
appointing federal judges and issues pardons and amniesties
the process of allocating congressional seats among the states is called
apportionment
the amount of money approved by congress in bills that each agency of government can spend is called
appropriations
a push poll involves
asking loaded questions in order to subtly shape the respondent's opinion
in order to win the presidency, a candidate must win
at least 270 electoral votes
the term 'public opinion' is used to describe
attitudes about political issues, leaders, institutions, and events
in the last few decades, executive orders have
become routine instruments of presidential governance rather than emergency wartime measures.
Congress is a ______ legislature with ______ members.
bicameral; 535
a proposed law that has been sponsored by a member of congress is called a
bill
establish and maintain courts
both state and federal
the complex structure of offices, tasks, rules, and principles that organize all large-scale institutions to coordinate the work of their personnel is
bureaucracy
the ___ is the informal designation for the heads of the major federal government departments
cabinet
the ____ is the informal designation for the heads of the major federal government departments
cabinet
the secretary of education, secretary of defense, and secretary of the interior are all members of the
cabinet
the constitution gives the president several powers. which of the following is not one of them
call for new congressional elections
if a national survey finds candidate A leads candidate B by 5% in the upcoming election and the margin of error in the survey is 3%, it means that
candidate A leads candidate B by anywhere between 2 and 8 percentage points
when employees who work for Maryland's Motor Vehicle Administration administer the skills test required for individuals to obtain a driver's license, these employees are
carrying out their responsibilities, exercising discretion, and implementing public policy
impeachment offenses are
charged by the house and tried in the senate, with the chief justice presiding and a two-thirds vote needed for conviction
The President's power to veto an act of Congress is an example of
checks and balances
the first test for determining when the government may intervene to suppress political speech was called the ___ test
clear and present danger
the north atlantic treaty organization, organization of american states, and souteast asia treaty organizations are all examples of
collective security arrangements
the president's military powers can best be observed in their role as
commander in chief
____ powers exist when both the state and national governments share authority in certain domains
concurrent
a ____ is a system of government in which member states retain almost all of their sovereign and delegate limited powers to a weak central body
confederation
suppose that a major piece of legislation is being considered by congress. the house and the senate have passed similar versions of the bill, but important differences remain. which committee would be in charge of working out a compromise between the two chambers
conference committee
the size of the us supreme court is set by
congress
one difference between a veto and a pocket veto is that
congress can override a regular veto but cannot override a pocket veto
one difference between a veto and and pocket veto is that
congress can override a regular veto but cannot override a pocket veto
an individual who strongly supports military intervention and the maintenance of American military power is more closely associated with which political ideology
conservatism
a member of the house of representatives that helps a constituent apply for social security benefits is engaging in
constituency service
a government that is formally limited by laws and rules is called
constitutional
shays rebellion was significant because it
convinced many that the articles of confederation created an ineffective government
since 1950, the compared of employees who work in the federal bureaucracy has ___ and the number of employees who work in both state and local government has ____
decreased; increased
the military services in american ultimately remain under civilian control and are housed in which part of the executive branch
department of defense
all of the following are responsibilities of a party's national committee except
determining committee assignments for members of congress
individuals with home high-speed internet access and the skills to use it are called
digital citizens
the supreme court rules that the second amendment provides a constitutional right to keep a loaded handgun at home for self-defense in
district of columbia v. heller
which of the following best represents the timeline of the evolution of federalism, from earliest in american history to most recent
dual federalism, then new federalism, then cooperative federalism
what is the most important factor in predicting whether an individual votes
education level
oversight can best be described as the
efforts of congress to supervise the manner in which its laws are implemented by the executive branch
libertarianism
emphasizes freedom and voluntary association with small government
the black lives matter movement has many goals, but it was first started in ferguson missouri, in order to
end discriminatory treatment of african americans by the police
In 2015, the Environmental Protection Agency charged Volkswagen with cheating on emissions tests of its diesel vehicles. This is an example of bureaucratic
enforcement
the goal of social security is to
ensure a basic income to all workers once they retire
the merit system
ensures that civil service jobs are awarded to individuals who are qualified for the job and protects them from political interference after they are hired
if a television state sold commercial time to a republican candidate for governor but refused to sell time to the democratic candidate for governor, this state would be in violation of the
equal time rule
presidential elections are held in the United States on the first Tuesday of November ___ years
every 4
the ____ rule forbids the introduction in trial of any piece of evidence that has been obtained illegally
exclusionary
appoint ambassadors
executive
appoint judges
executive
veto bills
executive
the office of management and budget and the council of economic advisers are both parts of the
executive office of the president
the office of management and budget and the council of economic advisors are both parts of the
executive office of the president
one of the main resources and distinguishing characteristics of the federal bureaucracy is
expertise
____ powers are specifically established by the language of the constitution
expressed
lawrence v. texas the supreme court
extended privacy rights to homosexual couples.
coin money
federal
conduct foreign relations
federal
the system of shared powers, divided between a central government and the state governments, is called
federalism
in his attempt to manage the federal bureaucracy, the president can use all of the following tool except
firing low-level civil service employees for failure to express loyalty to the president
in order for the supreme court to decide to grant certiorari
four justices must vote in favor of certiorari
the constitutional basis for the nationalization of the bill of rights is the ___ amendment
fourteenth
freedom of speech and of the press have a special place in the american system because
free and open debate is an essential mechanism for determining the quality and validity of competing ideas
the ___ clause of the first amendment protects an individuals right to believe and practice whatever religion he or she chooses
free exercise
in order to overcome the ____ interest groups often provide ___ to their members
free-rider problem; selective benefits
when was the era of dual federalism
from the founding until the new deal
in the ___ election, voters select who they want to fill a political office. in the _____ election, voters choose each party's candidate to compete for a political office
general; primary
a representative democracy (also known as a republic) is a system of government tat
gives citizens a regular opportunity to elect government officials
since 1950, compared with the entire workforce, the number of federal employees has
gradually declined
which event was most influential in triggering the rise of a more active national government
great depression
a constitutional right to privacy was established in
griswold v. connecticut
the supreme courts decision in obergefell v. hodges was significant because it
guaranteed same-sex couples the right to marry in all states and required states to recognize same-sex marriages performed in other jurisdictions
the fourteenth amendment
guarantees equal protection and due process
During the 2016 campaign, Hillary Clinton received
half the amount of media coverage as Donald Trump.
The president is America's presence on the global stage, representing America at official ceremonies and functions. In this role we would say that in the United States, the president is the
head of bureaucracy
the president is americas presence on the global stage, representing america official ceremonies and function. in this role we would say that in the united states, the president is the
head of state
what is it called when a state grants a city the ability to govern its own local affairs
home rule
the most common method of passing and ratifying an amendment to the constitution is passage
in both houses of congress by a two-thirds vote, followed by a majority vote in three-fourths of the state legislature
an overwhelming majority of court cases in the united states are heard
in state courts
Why is Marbury v. Madison (1803) an important case?
in this case, the justices authorized the supreme court to exercise judicial review over laws passed by congress
Cases ________ are NOT part of the original jurisdiction of the U.S. Supreme Court.
in which more than $1 million is at stake
federalism is best defined as a system of government
in which power is divided between a central government and regional governments
a senator or representative running for reelection is called the
incumbent
the jurisdiction of standing committees
is defined by the subject matter of legislation, which often parallels the major cabinet departments or agencies
the CDC
is in charge of monitoring outbreaks of disease and implementing prevention measures
what was a major reason that the slogan "states rights" became tarnished in the 1950s and 1960s
it had been used by southern opponents of the civil rights movement to support laws favoring racial inequality
which of the following statements about the impeachment process is most accurate
it is a political exercise
what is a government corporation
it is an agency that performs and charges for services usually provided by the private sector
Though used at times by justices on both sides of the partisan divide, which judicial philosophy posits that the Court should go beyond the words of the Constitution or a statute to consider the broader societal implications of its decisions?
judicial activism
Though used at times by justices on both sides of the partisan divide, which judicial philosophy posits that the Court should go beyond the words of the Constitution or a statute to consider the broader societal implications of its decisions?
judicial restraint
Through the exercise of ________, the Supreme Court has held actions or laws of the executive and legislative branches unconstitutional.
judicial review
if the supreme court were to decide to review a case that alleges president trump's antiterrorism initiatives violated a citizen's civil liberties, the case likely would be an example of
judicial review of executive power
in lawrence v. texas the supreme court ruled that
laws criminalizing sexual behavior are a violation of the right to privacy
what were jim crow laws
laws enacted by southern states following reconstruction that discriminated against black americans
what were the alien and sedition acts
laws passed in the 1790s that made it a crime to say or publish anything that would defame the government of the united states
gideon v. wainwright established the right to
legal counsel in felony cases
the president plays a major role early in the lawmaking process though the use of
legislative initiatives
the vast majorities of Americans describe themselves as
liberal, conservatives, or moderates
the decline in political efficacy in the united states is
likely to have negative effects on American democracy because it will lead to less citizen participation in government
In the Senate, the most senior leadership role is ________. In the House, the most senior leadership role is ________.
majority leader; speaker
american democracy rests on the principle of
majority rule with minority rights
which of the following is an example of the "gender gap"
men are more supportive of Donald Trump's presidency than women
regularly scheduled congressional elections that do not coincide with a presidential election are called
midterm elections
if the government decides to offer a subsidy to the solar industry to help people buy solar panels, that would be an example of ____. on the other hand, if the federal reserve took steps to expand the amount of credit available in the economy, that would be an example of ____
monetary policy; fiscal policy
what best summarizes Americans' political knowledge
most Americans know little about how politics works or what current issues are under debate
when two sides of an international conflict possess such enormous arsenals of nuclear missiles that each has the ability to destroy the other in the event of war, it is called
mutually assured destruction
which of the following is an example of a media outlet that receives funding from the government
national public radio (NPR)
Colonial protesters of the Stamp Act and the Sugar Act rallied around which slogan?
no taxation without representation
for ___ seats, political parties are especially interested in identifying strong candidates and encouraging them to run
open
the written explanation of the supreme court's decision in a particular case is known as the
opinion
which of the following requires an FCC license in order to legally broadcast in the United States
over-the-air television stations
which of the following are the three most major factors that influence a voter's choice
partisan loyalty, issues, and the characteristics of candidates
the fact that democratic party leaders have become more liberal and republican party leaders have become more conservative is important because
partisans in the public tend to rely on party leaders for cues on the appropriate positions to take on major political issues
'marble cake federalism' is associated with the
pattern of intergovernmental cooperation that has blurred the lines between the states and the national government
In America, much of our politics results from a pattern of struggles among interest groups for influence. This is fundamental to the theory of
pluralism
individuals who are selected by the president to serve in a handful of positions at the very top of the bureaucracy are called
political appointees
the belief that citizens can influence what government does
political efficacy
the process by which political values are formed is known as
political socialization
the belief that political authority shoudl rest with the people themselves is called
popular sovereignty
a pocket veto is used by the
president
what is the general tendency of a president's approval rating
presidents usually start out popular and decline over the next four years
a filibuster allows members of the senate to
prevent a vote on a bill
the policy of striking a nation that might be contemplating hostile actions is called
preventative war
if the federal government decided to hire google to provide email services to all of its employees rather than maintaining its own, in-house email services, this would be an example of
privatization
priming refers to the
process of preparing the public to bring specific criteria to mind when evaluating a politician or issue
when new countries gain access to nuclear weapon capabilities, we refer to this as
proliferation
what best summarizes the supreme courts ruling in brown v. board of education
racially segregated schools can never be equal
conference committees
reconcile differences between a bill passed by the house and senate
During the 1980s, the Republicans added ________ to their coalition.
religious conservatives and working-class whites
although the united states is an ___ at the federal level, there are provisions for ____ democracy at the state local levels
representative democracy; direct
From the end of the Civil War to the 1890s, the ________ Party was the party of the North, while the ________ Party was the party of the South.
republican; democratic
according to the voting rights act of 1965 a state cannot
require voters to take a test to prove they can red and write in order to vote
the supreme courts decision in obergefell v. hodges (2015) was significant because it
required that all states offer marriage licenses to two people of the same sex
If a radio station aired a personal attack against a candidate but refused to allow the same candidate the opportunity to respond to that attack on its station, the station would be violating the ________.
right of rebuttal
the small group selected by pollsters to represent the entire population is called a
sample
in a proportional representation electoral system
seats in the legislature are allocated to political parties based on their share of the total vote cast in the election.
the two primary goals of american foreign policy are
security and prosperity
affirmative action
seeks to redress past injustices by making special efforts to provide access to employment and education opportunities
when presidents nominate justices to the supreme court, presidents make an effort to
select justices who share their political philosophies
during the last 50 years, the american population has
shifted as a result of people leaving the northeast and midwest and moving to the south and southwest
in the sphere of foreign policy, which of the following is not a constitutional power
signing executive orders
the president can influence the federal judicial process in several ways, including
signing treaties and issuing pardons and amnesties
a ___ is a method used by pollsters to select a representative sample in which every individual in the population has an equal probability of being selected as a respondent
simple random sample
The fact that survey respondents overreport voting in elections and the frequency of their church attendance is an example of the ________ effect.
social disrability
what are agents of socialization
social institutions, like family and school, that shape an individual's basic political beliefs and values
what policy is currently the most costly to the government
social security
american foreign aid
sometimes has a humanitarian purpose, but more often is used to promote security interests or economic concerns
if the government ____ more than it ____, that will lead to a budget deficit
spend; brings in revenue
conduct elections
state
ratify amendments to the constitution
state
which level of government writes the majority of criminal laws
state government
in District of Columbia v. heller, the united states supreme court held that the district of Columbia's handgun ban was an unconstitutional violation of the second amendment. in writing the majority opinion, the late justice Antonin Scalia looked predominantly to the words of the second amendment of the constitution in interpreting its meaning. this judicial philosophy can be described as
strict construction
the right to vote is called
suffrage
the ____ affirms that national laws and treaties are "the supreme law of the land"
supremacy clause
the ____ is established by the constitution and cannot be abolished by a congressional law
supreme court
which amendment preserves a strong role for the states in the american federal repulic
tenth
the bill of rights was adopted because the
the Antifederalists demanded it as the price of ratification of the Constitution.
the three most important federa lprograms to assist the working poor are
the affordable care act, the earned income tax credit and the supplemental nutrition assistance program
partisanship is ____ indicator of which candidates people will vote for
the best
what is the main funciton of the chief justice of the supreme court
the chief justice presides over the court's public sessions and privat eocnferences
which clause of the us constitution has been most important in allowing the growth of national power
the commerce clause
what does the supremacy clase assert
the constitution and all laws made under it are superior to any state laws
american civil liberties and rights, such as freedom of speech, worship, and trial by jury are listed primarily in
the constitutional bill of rights
what was the overall importance of mcculloch v. maryland (1819)
the court allowed congress to use the necessary and proper clause to broadly interpret its delegated powers
judicial review is the power of
the courts to review the constitutionality of actions taken by other branches of government
how is the speaker of the house determined
the elected leader of the majority party in the house is the speaker
which of the following would be an example of how federal bureaucrats make rules while engaging in implementation
the environmental protection agency requiring that that, under the clean air act, the average fuel economy for new vehicles must be at least 35.5 miles per gallon
what is the social desirability effect
the fact that respondents report what they think the interviewer wishes to hear or whatever they think is socially acceptable, rather than what they actually believe
what best describes the impact of the fourteenth amendment
the fourteenth amendment forced state governments to abide by almost every provision in the bill of rights, but the process took over 100 years
men are more likely than women to prioritize economic and national security issues. women are more likely to prioritize health care and education issues. the difference in who men and women tend to vote for is known as
the gender gap
the distinctive pattern of voting behavior reflecting the differences in views between women and men is known as
the gender gap
the BBC is Britain is owned by
the government but allowed to report whatever it wants
which historical event proved to americans that the economic system is not perfectly self-regulating
the great depression
the electoral college is
the group of electors who formally select the president and vice president
bicameralism is a constitutional
the legislature into two chambers
who has the most real power in the senate
the majority and minority leaders
which of the folloiwng groups receives the most benefit from governments social policies
the middle class and the elderly
what is turnout
the percentage of eligible individuals who actually vote
which of the following is the most important factor in the conduct of american foreign policy
the president
which of the following is the best definition of redistricting
the process or redrawing electoral districts every 10 years
What did the framers call the "least dangerous branch"?
the supreme court
to what does the term jim crow refer
the system of racial segregation in the south after reconstruction
which of the following stateements about k-12 education spending is most accurate
the vast majority of spending for k-12 education comes from the state and local governments, while the federal government contributes a relatively small amount
if a president claims executive privilege, they are saying
their communications with close advisors should be confidential
more affluent and educated citizens wield an outsized influence over policy makers because
they vote at higher rates, and they are more likely to contribute money to political campaigns
which of the following statements concerning third parties is true
third parties often have their programs adopted by one of the two major parties
___ argued that there was a "wall of separation" between church and state
thomas jefferson
during the ratification debates, who were the antifederalists
those who opposed the new constitution because they wanted a weaker national government
during the ratification debates, who were the federalists
those who supported the constitution because it contained a strong national government
what is the primary constitutional task of the vice president, besides succeeding the president in case of death, resignation, or incapacitation
to cast tie-breaking votes in the senate
Before the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act of 1883, government appointments were made
to political supporters as part of a spoils system
the first court to hear a criminal case involving a violation of state law is called a ____ court
trial
what is required for congress to override a presidential veto
two-thirds vote of both houses of congress
a ____ vote by both houses of congress and a ratification vote of ____ of the states are required to amend the US constitution
two-thirds; three-fourths
the most visible indication of political oversight of the bureaucracy is the
use of public hearings before congressional committees and subcommittees
at the Philadelphia constitutional convention, the proposed plan to create a congress where representation was distributed according to population was called the ____ plan
virginia
social security, medicare, medicaid, and temporary assistance for need families are all part of the
welfare state
the populist party appealed to which of the following groups
western mining interests, small farmers, and urban workers
Members of interest groups in the United States are typically people
with higher incomes, more education, and management or professional occupations
angencies like the departments of state, department of defense, and homeland security
work to maintain national security and protect American interests at home and abroad
the last time congress exercised its constitutional power to declare war was during
world war 2
