Hagia Sophia

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1453 - Byzantine Empire concludes with Mehmet II, Ottoman ruler stepping in. Hagia Sophia was in poor condition. Mehmet was so amazed at the Hagia Sophia's size that he decided to save it and transform it into a mosque.

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2nd HS- built by Constantius, destroyed in 532. Emperor Theodosius the Great also helped Contantius rebuild, and after it was destroyed, pieces were taken out. These pieces are on display today

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3rd HS- built by Empr. Justinian I between 532-537. It was demolished by a fire during the Nika riots in 532. When Justinian rebuilt the Hagia Sophia for a second time, it showed that it was important to Constantinople.

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Another conflict that the Hagia Sophia has faced was in 1204. Warriors entered Constantinople and held it for 57 years. The artifacts in the monument were moved to different churches across Italy, England, and France. Also, the church was changed from a Eastern Orthodox church to a Roman Catholic cathedral. In 1261, the Byzantines regained power and once again the Hagia Sophia was the heart of Christianity.

http://www.livescience.com/27574-hagia-sophia.html

Art in Hagia Sophia - mosaics, paintings, art on ceiling. 700s and 800s - people destroyed mosaics in the Hagia Sophia for heretical reasons. This was from 726-787 and 815-843. In this time, having art that depicted people or holy things was banned. "Fear that the viewer misdirected his/her veneration toward the image rather than to the holy person represented in the image lay at the heart of this controversy." (Sarah Brooks)

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Constantinople was thought to be "The New Rome"

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Currently, the Hagia Sophia has two stories. This is interesting because it shows how Constantinople had order during the Mass. Social divisions and genders were split up at the cathedral.

Hagia Sophia - "Holy Wisdom". Deadly earthquake in 1999 did not damage the Hagia Sophia surprisingly, and people still want the significant location to be a mosque. Even though there is a huge disagreement on this subject, the people who go to Turkey to see the greatest architectural creation do not let this spoil its massive importance.

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Justinian after he completed the 3rd HS - he said "Νενίκηκά σε Σολομών " - means "Solomon, I have outdone thee!". The Hagia Sophia was so incredible he thought it was too good to be real. The greatness of the monument made many people come to Constantinople to visit it.

Many religious changes were made on the Hagia Sophia. Because the Ottomans did not want to displease the Muslims, they took the cross at the peak of the dome and put up a crescent. Also, they covered up the mosaics showing people because the Muslims thought that any art representing living things was sacrilegious. This showed that the Hagia Sophia was for people of all religions

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New things for the Hagia Sophia - Four new minarets, 200 feet tall each were put on the exterior of the mosque. Also, on the interior, they covered up the mosaics because of the Muslim rule of no images of holy people. Surprisingly, the giant mosaic of Mary and Baby Jesus on the interior of the main dome was not painted over. Finally, the initials of four caliphs were put on each of the columns inside.

One final, lasting decision the Hagia Sophia saw was in 1453. Mehmet II, an Ottoman ruler defeated Constantinople, and finally destroyed the Byzantine Empire. Since then, the Hagia Sophia has been converted into a mosque, the "Aya Sophia Camii", meaning Hagia Sophia Mosque.

The Hagia Sophia attracted many travelers to Constantinople. Its main dome's diameter is over 100 feet, and people were astonished looking at it. Inside, its purpose was to "[draw] visitors' eyes up, as if toward heaven" (Stockdale). This incredible monument was a model for future Byzantine, Western European, and Muslim architecture.

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The Hagia Sophia did have two levels, and on the second levels there was a room dedicated to only the Emperor. He would sometimes sit in this room to watch Mass, along with the Empress. It is interesting that he had his own room because that shows how high up his rank was in the town. Also, the entrance to the room was the best and shortest way to get inside of the church.

The Hagia Sophia has faced conflicts that have troubled the monument. Many earthquakes have havoced the building, including in 553, 557, and a severe one in 558. This caused the Hagia Sophia to somewhat cave in, and since this there have been numerous natural disasters in which the Hagia Sophia has been damaged.

http://www.livescience.com/27574-hagia-sophia.html

The new Hagia Sophia - Anthemius and Isidore the Elder, two architects who helped Justinian build the new Hagia Sophia. Completing the monument in six years, it was a very quick construction. After the first Hagia Sophia's main dome fell, a second roof was put up by Isidore's son, Isidore the Younger. This roof has stayed up for over a thousand years.

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There were three rulers during the time of the Hagia Sophia. This shows that it was important to Constantinople because they kept it running for three rulers' time. The three rulers were Constantine, his son Constantius, and Emperor Justinian. (Constantine built 1st HS, Constantius built 2nd, Justinian built 3rd.)

http://www.livescience.com/27574-hagia-sophia.html

building the Hagia Sophia took only 6 years. they were so eager to finish it that afterwards there was a slight problem with the main dome. Procopios, a historian, wrote that the Hagia Sophia's roof almost caved in while they were building it. Eventually, the dome fell twenty years later.

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church to mosque to museum. Different religions were practiced in the building. The current museum is a great model of Byzantine architecture. It has coverings, pillars, and mosaics.

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example for Blue Mosque and Suleiman Mosque. These are two other great mosques in Istanbul. The Hagia Sophia was a precedent for other amazing mosques. This shows how important it was.

some controversy the Hagia Sophia has caused - becoming a museum from a mosque. uncovering mosaics-- don't want it to happen because it demolish Islamic calligraphy and having art showing humans is against Muslims, and Turkey is Muslim country. Also, Christians and Greeks want it to be a church for Christians.

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Hagia Sophia

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