Health & Illness PrepU

The client with polycystic kidney disease asks the nurse, "Will my kidneys ever function normally again?" The best response by the nurse is:

"As the disease progresses, you will most likely require renal replacement therapy."

A client is prescribed didanosine as part of a highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Which instruction would the nurse emphasize with this client?

"Be sure to take this drug about 1/2 hour before or 2 hours after you eat."

A client's family member asks the nurse why disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) occurs. Which statement by the nurse correctly explains the cause of DIC?

"DIC is caused by abnormal activation of the clotting pathway, causing excessive amounts of tiny clots to form inside organs."

A female client presents to the health clinic for a routine physical examination. The nurse observes that the client's urine is bright yellow. What question is most appropriate for the nurse to ask the client?

"Do you take multiple vitamin preparations?"

A client with megaloblastic anemia reports mouth and tongue soreness. What instruction will the nurse give the client regarding eating while managing the client's symptoms?

"Eat small amounts of bland, soft foods frequently."

A client with end-stage renal disease is scheduled to undergo a kidney transplant using a sibling donated kidney. The client asks if immunosuppressive drugs can be avoided. What is the best response by the nurse?

"Even a perfect match does not guarantee organ success."

The nurse is caring for a young client who has agammaglobulinemia. The nurse is teaching the family how to avoid infection at home. Which statement by the family indicates that additional teaching is needed?

"I can take my child to the beach, as long as we play in the sand rather than swim in the water."

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with bulimia. The client is being treated for a serum potassium concentration of 2.9 mEq/L (2.9 mmol/L). What statement made by the client indicates the need for further teaching?

"I can use laxatives and enemas but only once a week"

A nurse is teaching the parents of an infant about primary immunodeficiencies. Which statement verifies that the parents understand the teaching?

"The majority of primary immunodeficiencies are diagnosed in infancy."

A client is to receive hypotonic IV solution in order to provide free water replacement. What solution does the nurse anticipate administering?

0.45% NaCl

What is an example of a solution that is hypotonic?

0.45% NaCl

The nurse notes that a patient who is retaining fluid had a 1-kg weight gain. The nurse knows that this is equivalent to about how many mL?

1,000mL

When fluid intake is normal, the specific gravity of urine should be:

1.010 to 1.025

A nurse is assisting the physician conducting a cystogram. The client has an intravenous (IV) infusion of D5W at 40 ml/hr. The physician inserts a urinary catheter into the bladder and instills a total of 350 ml of a contrast agent. The nurse empties 500 ml from the urinary catheter drainage bag at the conclusion of the procedure. How many milliliters does the nurse record as urine?

150mL

The weight of a client with congestive heart failure is monitored daily and entered into the medical record. In a 24-hour period, the client's weight increased by 2 lb. How much fluid is this client retaining?

1L

A patient is on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) for the treatment of HIV. What does the nurse know would be an adequate CD4 count to determine the effectiveness of treatment for a patient per year?

50 mm3 to 150 mm3

A client is beginning highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). The client demonstrates an understanding of the need for follow up when scheduling a return visit for viral load testing at which time?

6 weeks

What percentage of potassium excreted daily leaves the body by way of the kidneys?

80

A patient admitted with electrolyte imbalance has carpopedal spasm, ECG changes, and a positive Chvostek sign. What deficit does the nurse suspect the patient has?

Calcium

A patient complains of tingling in the fingers as well as feeling depressed. The nurse assesses positive Trousseau's and Chvostek's signs. What decreased laboratory results does the nurse observe when the patient's laboratory work has returned?

Calcium

A home care nurse is visiting a client with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) at home. During the visit, the nurse observes the caregiver providing care. What action by the caregiver would alert the nurse to the need for additional teaching?

Caregiver cleans the client's anal area without wearing gloves

What objective symptom of a UTI is most common in older adults, especially those with dementia?

Change in cognitive functioning

The nurse working with a client after an ileal conduit notices that the pouching system is leaking small amounts of urine. What is the appropriate nursing intervention?

Change the wafer and pouch

A 24-year-old patient was admitted to the emergency room after a water skiing accident. The X-rays revealed two fractured vertebrae, T-12 and L1. Based on this information, the nurse would know to perform what actions?

Check the patient's urine for hematuria

Air embolism is a potential complication of IV therapy. The nurse should be alert to what clinical manifestation associated with air embolism?

Chest pain

A nurse is monitoring the client's progression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). What debilitating gastrointestinal condition found in up to 90% of all AIDS clients should the nurse be aware of?

Chronic diarrhea

A patient comes to the clinic suspecting a possible UTI. What symptoms of a UTI would the nurse recognize from the assessment data gathered?

Cloudy urine

The nurse is encouraging the client with recurrent urinary tract infections to increase his fluid intake to 8 large glasses of fluids daily. The client states he frequently drinks water and all of the following. What would the nurse discourage for this client?

Coffee in the morning

More than 50% of individuals with this disease develop pernicious anemia:

Common variable immunodeficiency (CVID)

The physician has prescribed 0.9% sodium chloride IV for a hospitalized client in metabolic alkalosis. What nursing actions are required to manage this client?

Compare ABG findings with previous results. Maintain intake and output records. Document presenting signs and symptoms

The nurse is caring for a client with a serum sodium concentration of 113 mEq/L (113 mmol/L). The nurse should monitor the client for the development of what condition?

Confusion

What findings indicate that a client has developed water intoxication secondary to treatment for diabetes insipidus?

Confusion and seizures

The nurse is caring for four clients on a medical unit. The nurse is most correct to review what client's laboratory reports first for an electrolyte imbalance?

A 52-year-old with diarrhea

The nurse observes a client's uric acid level of 9.3 mg/dL. When teaching the client about ways to decrease the uric acid level, what diet would the nurse suggest?

A low-purine diet

The nurse is correct to state that a client's body needs to have adequate nutrition to maintain energy. What type of transport of dissolved substances requires adenosine triphosphate (ATP)?

Active transport

A history of infection specifically caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci is associated with what disorder?

Acute glomerulonephritis

Which nursing diagnosis should a nurse expect to see in a care plan for a client in sickle cell crisis?

Acute pain related to sickle cell crisis

What is classified as an upper urinary tract infection (UTI)?

Acute pyelonephritis and renal abscess

The nurse is reviewing the potassium level of a patient with kidney disease. The results of the test are 6.5 mEq/L, and the nurse observes peaked T waves on the ECG. What priority intervention does the nurse anticipate the physician will order to reduce the potassium level?

Administration of sodium polystyrene sulfonate [Kayexalate])

A 24-hour urine collection is scheduled to begin at 8:00 am. When should the nurse initiate the procedure?

After discarding the 8:00 am specimen

A client is prescribed antihistamines, and asks the nurse about administration and adverse effects. The nurse should advise the client to avoid:

Alcohol

What is the most common cause of symptomatic hypomagnesemia?

Alcoholism

The nurse is employed in a urologist's office. What classification of medication is anticipated for clients having difficulty with urinary incontinence?

Anticholinergic

Which nursing intervention should be incorporated into the plan of care to manage the delayed clotting process due to thrombocytopenia in a client with leukemia?

Applying prolonged pressure to needle sites or other sources of external bleeding

To evaluate a client for hypoxia, the physician is most likely to order what laboratory test?

Arterial blood gas (ABG) analysis

A nurse caring for a client who has hemophilia is getting ready to take the client's vital signs. What should the nurse do before taking a blood pressure?

Ask if taking a blood pressure has ever produced bleeding under the skin or in the arm joints

A patient had a renal angiography and is being brought back to the hospital room. What nursing interventions should the nurse carry out after the procedure to detect complications?

Assess peripheral pulses. Compare color and temperature between the involved and uninvolved extremities. Examine the puncture site for swelling and hematoma formation

A client in end-stage renal disease is prescribed epoetin alfa and oral iron supplements. Before administering the next dose of epoetin alfa and oral iron supplement, what is the priority action taken by the nurse?

Assess the hemoglobin level

Following a renal biopsy, a client reports severe pain in the back, the arms, and the shoulders. What intervention should be offered by the nurse?

Assess the patient's back and shoulder areas for signs of internal bleeding

The nurse is caring for a client whose most recent laboratory values reveal a neutrophil level of 21,000 mm3. When preparing to assess the client, the nurse should prioritize what assessment?

Assessing the client for signs and symptoms of infection

A client is frustrated and embarrassed by urinary incontinence. What measure should the nurse include in a bladder retraining program?

Assessing the present voiding patterns

The nurse is providing an education program for the nursing assistants in a long-term care facility in order to decrease the number of UTIs in the female population. What interventions should the nurse introduce in the program?

Assist the patients with frequent toileting. Perform hand hygiene prior to patient care. Provide careful perineal care

A client with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) reports diarrhea after every meal. What is the nurse's best response?

Avoid residue, lactose, fat, and caffeine.

The nurse is caring for a client with type 2 diabetes who take metformin to manage glucose levels. The nurse recognizes the client may be most at risk for which vitamin deficiency?

B12

A client is to have a hip replacement in 3 months and does not want a blood transfusion from random donors. What option can the nurse discuss with the client?

Bank autologous blood.

The Emergency Department (ED) nurse is caring for a client with a possible acid-base imbalance. The physician has ordered an arterial blood gas (ABG). What is one of the most important indications of an acid-base imbalance that is shown in an ABG?

Bicarbonate

Kaposi sarcoma (KS) is diagnosed through

Biopsy

As women age, many experience an increased sense of urgency to void, as well as an increased risk of incontinence. This is usually the result of age-related changes in what part of the renal system?

Bladder

Behavioral interventions for urinary incontinence can be coordinated by a nurse. A comprehensive program that incorporates timed voiding and urinary urge inhibition is referred to as what?

Bladder retraining

The nurse is providing care to a client who has had a kidney biopsy. The nurse would need to be alert for signs and symptoms of what?

Bleeding

The nurse is talking with a group of teens about transmission of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). What body fluids does the nurse inform them will transmit the virus? Select all that apply.

Blood. Semen. Breast milk. Vaginal secretions

What is an insensible mechanism of fluid loss?

Breathing

The client with chronic renal failure complains of intense itching. What assessment finding would indicate the need for further nursing education?

Brief, hot daily showers

A 73-year-old female patient with cirrhosis of the liver is evaluated for clinical manifestations of FVE. What signs are consistent with that diagnosis?

Crackles. BUN of 8 mg/dL. Blood pressure of 140/110. Hematocrit level of 32%

A client develops decreased renal function and requires a change in antibiotic dosage. On what factor should the physician base the dosage change?

Creatinine clearance

What value does the nurse recognize as the best clinical measure of renal function?

Creatinine clearance

A patient with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) has developed anemia. What laboratory finding does the nurse understand to be significant in this stage of anemia?

Creatinine level of 6mg/100mL

A client has undergone diagnostic testing that involved the insertion of a lighted tube with a telescopic lens. The nurse identifies this test as what?

Cystoscopy

Hypovolemia means

Decreased fluid volume

The nurse is completing a routine urinalysis using a dipstick. The test reveals an increased specific gravity. The nurse should suspect what condition?

Decreased urine intake

A nurse is assesing a client with Kaposi's sarcoma. What initial sign does the nurse know to look for during assessment?

Deep purple cutaneous lesions

A client received 2 units of packed red blood cells while in the hospital with rectal bleeding. Three days after discharge, the client experienced an allergic response and began to itch and break out with hives. What type of reaction does the nurse understand could be occurring?

Delayed hypersensitivity response

Based on the nurse's base knowledge of primary immunodeficiencies, how would the nurse complete this statement? Primary immunodeficiencies

Develop early in life after protection from maternal antibodies decreases

The nurse is caring for a client with external bleeding. What is the nurse's priority intervention?

Direct pressure

Nursing management of the client with a urinary tract infection should include:

Discouraging caffeine intake

The nurse caring for a client with a urinary diversion notices mucus around the stents and in the client's urine. What is the appropriate nursing intervention?

Document presence of mucus in the urine

The nurse is preparing a client for a nuclear scan of the kidneys. Following the procedure, the nurse instructs the client to

Drink liberal amounts of fluids

The nurse and the client are discussing some strategies for ingesting iron to combat the client's iron-deficiency anemia. Which is among the nurse's strategies?

Drink liquid iron preparations with a straw

A client has a full bladder. What sound would the nurse expect to hear on percussion?

Dullness

A client is taking spironolactone to control hypertension. The client's serum potassium level is 6 mEq/L. What is the nurse's priority during assessment?

Electrocardiogram (ECG) results

An appropriate nursing intervention for the client following a nuclear scan of the kidney is to:

Encourage high fluid intake

Following a voiding cystogram, the client has a nursing diagnosis of risk for infection related to the introduction of bacterial following manipulation of the urinary tract. An appropriate nursing intervention for the client is to:

Encourage high fluid intake

A nurse is caring for a client who had a stroke. What nursing intervention promotes urinary continence?

Encouraging intake of at least 2 L of fluid daily

The nurse is instructing a 3-year-old's mother regarding abnormal findings within the urinary system. What assessment finding would the nurse document as a normal finding for this age group?

Enuresis

Which blood test confirms the presence of antibodies to HIV?

Enzyme immunoassay (EIA)

What nerve is implicated in the Chvostek's sign?

Facial

Which of the following is the first barrier method that can be controlled by the woman?

Female condom

What nursing assessment finding indicates that the client who has undergone renal transplant has not met expected outcomes?

Fever

When administering intravenous gamma globulin infusion, the nurse recognizes that which report by the client may indicate an adverse effect of the infusion?

Flank pain

A healthcare worker has been exposed to the blood of an HIV-positive client and is awaiting the results of an HIV test. In the meantime, what precautions must the healthcare worker take to prevent the spread of infection?

Follow the same sexual precautions as someone who has been diagnosed with AIDS.

What foods can the nurse recommend for the patient with hypokalemia?

Fruits such as bananas and apricots

When the bladder contains 400 to 500 mL of urine, this is referred to as

Functional capacity

What causes should the nurse suspect in a client is diagnosed with intrarenal failure?

Glomerulonephritis

A client is experiencing some secretion abnormalities, for which diagnostics are being performed. What substance is typically reabsorbed and not secreted in urine?

Glucose

When assessing a client with a disorder of the hematopoietic or the lymphatic system, which assessment is most essential?

Health history, such as bleeding, fatigue, or fainting

The nurse is obtaining a health history from a client describing urinary complications. What assessment finding is most suggestive of a malignant tumor of the bladder?

Hematuria

A patient with End Stage Kidney Disease is taking recombinant erythropoietin for the treatment of anemia. What laboratory study does the nurse understand will have to be assessed at least monthly related to this medication?

Hemoglobin level

The nurse cares for a client who underwent a kidney transplant. The nurse understands that rejection of a transplanted kidney within 24 hours after transplant is termed:

Hyperacute rejection

A client is undergoing diagnostics due to a significant drop in renal output. The physician has scheduled an angiography. What postprocedural assessment will the nurse perform on the client?

Hypersensitivity response. Monitor site condition. Palpate pedal pulses.

A client who is HIV positive is experiencing severe diarrhea. Which laboratory test result would the nurse expect to find?

Hypokalemia

The nurse is preparing an education program on risk factors for kidney disorders. What risk factors would be inappropriate for the nurse to include in the teaching program?

Hypotension

The nurse is caring for a patient after kidney surgery. What major danger should the nurse closely monitor for?

Hypovolemic shock caused by hemorrhage

A nurse provides nutritional information for a patient diagnosed with an iron-deficiency anemia. What education should the nurse provide?

Increase the intake of green, leafy vegetables

Patients with urolithiasis need to be encouraged to:

Increase their fluid intake so that they can excrete 2.5 to 4 liters every day

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory test results of a client with renal disease. What would the nurse expect to find?

Increased serum creatinine

What does the nurse understand will result if the patient has a deficiency in the normal level of complement?

Increased susceptibility to infection

Clients diagnosed with hypervolemia should avoid sweet or dry food because it

Increases the client's desire to consume fluid

What intervention is most appropriate for a client with an arterial blood gas (ABG) of pH 7.5, a partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of 26 mm Hg, oxygen (O2) saturation of 96%, bicarbonate (HCO3-) of 24 mEq/L, and a PaO2 of 94 mm Hg?

Instruct the client to breathe into a paper bag

Bladder retraining following removal of an indwelling catheter begins with

Instructing the client to follow a 2- to 3-hour timed voiding schedule

The nurse is performing an assessment for a client with anemia admitted to the hospital to have blood transfusions administered. Why would the nurse need to include a nutritional assessment for this patient?

It may indicate deficiencies in essential nutrients

What sign suggests that a client with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) secretion is experiencing complications?

Jugular vein distension

Which substance may be used to lubricate a condom?

K-Y jelly

A patient with HIV has been on antiretroviral therapy (ART) for 6 months. The patient comes to the clinic with home medications and the nurse observes that there are too many pills in the container. What does the nurse know about the factors associated with nonadherence to ART? (Select all that apply.)

Lack of social support, Depression, and active substance abuse

A client hospitalized for treatment of a pulmonary embolism develops respiratory alkalosis. What clinical findings commonly accompany respiratory alkalosis?

Light-headedness or paresthesia

A nurse who is taking care of a patient with a spinal cord injury documents the frequency of reflex incontinence. The nurse understands that this is most likely due to:

Loss of motor control of the detrusor muscle

A client with sickle cell anemia has a

Low hematocrit

HIV is harbored within which type of cell?

Lymphocyte

A client with cancer is being treated on the oncology unit for bilateral breast cancer. The client is undergoing chemotherapy. The nurse notes the client's serum calcium concentration is 12.3 mg/dL (3.08 mmol/L). Given this laboratory finding, the nurse should suspect that the

Malignancy is causing the electrolyte imbalance

The nurse is caring for a patient with diabetes type I who is having severe vomiting and diarrhea. What condition that exhibits blood values with a low pH and a low plasma bicarbonate concentration should the nurse assess for?

Metabolic acidosis

A client in the emergency department reports that he has been vomiting excessively for the past 2 days. His arterial blood gas analysis shows a pH of 7.50, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of 43 mm Hg, partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PaO2) of 75 mm Hg, and bicarbonate (HCO3-) of 42 mEq/L. Based on these findings, the nurse documents that the client is experiencing what type of acid-base imbalance?

Metabolic alkalosis

A client is scheduled for a renal angiography. What would be appropriate before the test?

Monitor the client for an allergy to iodine contrast material

A client is being treated for renal calculi and suspected hydronephrosis. What measure should the nurse take to help maintain a record of the kidneys' function?

Monitor the patient's intake and output

A patient has had surgery to create an ileal conduit for urinary diversion. What is a priority intervention by the nurse in the postoperative phase of care?

Monitor urine output hourly and report output less than 30 mL/hr

A priority nursing intervention for a client with hypervolemia involves what?

Monitoring respiratory status for signs and symptoms of pulmonary complications

What are signs and symptoms of respiratory acidosis?

Nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea

The nurse cares for a client with a right-arm arteriovenous fistula (AVF) for hemodialysis treatments. What nursing action is contraindicated?

Obtaining a blood pressure reading from the right arm

What would be an appropriate nursing interventions for a client with hypokalemia?

Offer a diet with fruit juices and citrus fruits. Monitor intake and output every shift.

Urine specific gravity is a measurement of the kidney's ability to concentrate and excrete urine. The specific gravity measures urine concentration by measuring the density of urine and comparing it with the density of distilled water. What is an example of how urine concentration is affected?

On a hot day, a person who is perspiring profusely and taking little fluid has low urine output with a high specific gravity

A client admitted to the hospital with abdominal pain, anemia, and bloody stools reports feeling weak and dizzy. The client has rectal pressure and needs to urinate and move their bowels. The nurse should help them:

Onto the bedpan

What is a correct route of administration for potassium?

Oral

Fluid and electrolyte balance is maintained through the process of translocation. What specific process allows water to pass through a membrane from a dilute to a more concentrated area?

Osmosis

What severe complication does the nurse monitor for in a patient with ataxia-telangiectasia?

Overwhelming infection

To confirm an acid-base imbalance, it is necessary to assess what findings from a client's arterial blood gas (ABG) results?

PCO2, pH, and HCO3

What finding is an early indicator of bladder cancer?

Painless hematuria

While asessing a client, the nurse will recognize what as the most obvious sign of anemia?

Pallor

The calcium concentration in the blood is regulated by what mechanism?

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

When assessing the impact of medications on the etiology of acute renal failure, the nurse recognizes what as the drug that is not nephrotoxic?

Penicillin

If an indwelling catheter is necessary, what nursing intervention should be implemented to prevent infection?

Perform meticulous perineal care daily with soap and water

The nurse is caring for a postoperative client who has a Kock pouch. Nursing assessment findings reveal abdominal pain, absence of bowel sounds, fever, tachycardia, and tachypnea. The nurse suspects what?

Peritonitis

A majority of clients with CVID develop which type of anemia?

Pernicious

What medication may be ordered to relieve discomfort associated with a urinary tract infection?

Phenazopyridine

What characteristic is seen with a healthy stoma?

Pink color

A nurse should expect to administer which vaccine to the client after a splenectomy?

Pneumovax 23

A client is admitted to the hospital with a prerenal disorder, a nonurologic condition that disrupts renal blood flow to the nephrons, affecting their filtering ability. One cause of prerenal acute kidney injury is:

Polycystic disease

A client awaiting a bone marrow aspiration asks the nurse to explain where on the body the procedure will take place. What body part does the nurse identify for the client?

Posterior iliac crest

A client with pancreatic cancer has the following blood chemistry profile: Glucose, fasting: 204 mg/dl; blood urea nitrogen (BUN): 12 mg/dl; Creatinine: 0.9 mg/dl; Sodium: 136 mEq/L; Potassium: 2.2 mEq/L; Chloride: 99 mEq/L; CO2: 33 mEq/L. What result should the nurse identify as critical and report immediately?

Potassium

What electrolyte is a major cation in body fluid?

Potassium

A client with a suspected overdose of an unknown drug is admitted to the emergency department. Arterial blood gas values indicate respiratory acidosis. What should the nurse do first?

Prepare to assist with ventilation

A client is being treated in the ICU 24 hours after having a radical neck dissection completed. The client's serum calcium concentration is 7.6 mg/dL (1.9 mmol/L). What physical examination finding is consistent with this electrolyte imbalance?

Presence of Trousseau sign

What is a hallmark of the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome?

Proteinuria

A client is scheduled for a renal arteriogram. When the nurse checks the chart for allergies to shellfish or iodine, she finds no allergies recorded. The client is unable to provide the information. During the procedure, the nurse should be alert for what finding that may indicate an allergic reaction to the dye used during the arteriogram?

Pruritus

What term refers to inflammation of the renal pelvis?

Pyelonephritis

A patient with a UTI is having burning and pain when urinating. What urinary analgesic is prescribed for relief of these symptoms?

Pyridium

What type of incontinence is the involuntary loss of urine through an intact urethra as a result of coughing?

Reflex

The nurse obtains a unit of blood for the client, Donald D. Smith. The name on the label on the unit of blood reads Donald A. Smith. All the other identifiers are correct. What action should the nurse take?

Refuses to administer the blood

A woman comes to her health care provider's office with signs and symptoms of kidney stones. What should be the primary medical management goal?

Relieve the pain

A client presents to the emergency department complaining of a dull, constant ache along the right costovertebral angle along with nausea and vomiting. The most likely cause of the client's symptoms is:

Renal calculi

What is the correct term for the ability of the kidneys to clear solutes from the plasma?

Renal clearance

What hormones are secreted by the juxtaglomerular apparatus?

Renin

The nurse administers an injection to a client with AIDS. When finished, the nurse attempts to recap the needle and sustains a needlestick to the finger. What is the priority action by the nurse?

Report the incident to the supervisor

A nurse is caring for a client admitted with a diagnosis of exacerbation of myasthenia gravis. Upon assessment of the client, the nurse notes the client has severely depressed respirations. The nurse would expect to identify what acid-base disturbance?

Respiratory acidosis

A client comes to the emergency department with status asthmaticus. His respiratory rate is 48 breaths/minute, and he is wheezing. An arterial blood gas analysis reveals a pH of 7.52, a partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2) of 30 mm Hg, PaO2 of 70 mm Hg, and bicarbonate (HCO3??') of 26 mEq/L. What disorder is indicated by these findings?

Respiratory alkalosis

A nurse reviews the arterial blood gas (ABG) values of a client admitted with pneumonia: pH, 7.51; PaCO2, 28 mm Hg; PaO2, 70 mm Hg; and HCO3--, 24 mEq/L. What do these values indicate?

Respiratory alkalosis

Which adverse effect(s) should the nurse closely monitor in a client who has secondary immunodeficiencies due to immunosuppressive therapy?

Respiratory or urinary system infections

A client was admitted to the unit with a diagnosis of hypovolemia. When it is time to complete discharge teaching, what will the nurse teach the client and family?

Respond to thirst Drink water as an inexpensive way to meet fluid needs. Drink at least eight glasses of fluid each day

Following percutaneous nephrolithotomy, the client is at greatest risk for what nursing diagnosis?

Risk for infection

A client at the walk-in clinic reports exposure to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The client wants to know the precise sources through which the HIV infection is transmitted. What is the nurse's best reponse?

Semen

A client is diagnosed with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). The nurse should anticipate what laboratory test result?

Serum sodium level of 124 mEq/L

The nurse is caring for a client who has a diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Part of this client's teaching plan is educating the client about his or her medications. What is essential for the nurse to include in the teaching of this client regarding medications?

Side effects of drug therapy

A client is admitted with nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. His blood pressure on admission is 74/30 mm Hg. The client is oliguric and his blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine levels are elevated. The physician will most likely write an order for what treatment?

Start IV fluids with a normal saline solution bolus followed by a maintenance dose

What nursing actions is most important in caring for the client following lithotripsy?

Strain the urine carefully for stone fragments

What is an effect of aging on upper and lower urinary tract function?

Susceptibility to develop hypernatremia

To compensate for decreased fluid volume (hypovolemia), the nurse can anticipate what response by the body?

Tachycardia

The nurse is educating a female patient with a UTI on the pharmacologic regimen for treatment. What is important for the nurse to instruct the patient to do?

Take the antibiotic for 3 days as prescribed

What nursing intervention should the nurse caring for the client with pyelonephritis implement?

Teach client to increase fluid intake up to 3 liters per day

A nurse is conducting an initial assessment on a client with possible tuberculosis. What assessment finding indicates a risk factor for tuberculosis?

The client had a liver transplant 2 years ago

The nurse is caring for a client who has presented to the walk-in clinic. The client verbalizes pain on urination, feelings of fatigue, and diffuse back pain. When completing a head-to-toe assessment, at which specific location would the nurse assess the client's kidneys for tenderness?

The costovertebral angle

The nurse is caring for a client diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and experiencing respiratory acidosis. The client asks what is making the acidotic state. The nurse is most correct to identify what result of the disease process that causes the fall in pH?

The lungs are not able to blow off carbon dioxide

The nurse is caring for a client with recurrent urinary tract infections. What body structures would the nurse instruct as the most frequent cause of women's urinary tract infections?

The urethra

A nurse is caring for a client with thalassemia who is being transfused. What is the nurse's role during a transfusion?

To closely monitor the rate of administration

A client with urinary retention needs to undergo a procedure to insert an indwelling catheter. What should the nurse discuss with the health care provider before catheterization?

Type and size of the catheter to be used

Ataxia refers to

Uncoordinated muscle movement

A group of students is reviewing for a test on the urinary and renal system. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify what as part of the upper urinary tract?

Ureters

The most frequent reason for admission to skilled care facilities includes what?

Urinary incontinence

A client admitted with a gunshot wound to the abdomen is transferred to the intensive care unit after an exploratory laparotomy. IV fluid is being infused at 150 mL/hour. What assessment finding suggests that the client is experiencing acute renal failure (ARF)?

Urine output of 250 ml/24 hours

A nurse is reviewing a report of a client's routine urinalysis. What value requires further investigation?

Urine pH of 3.0

Telangiectasia is the term that refers to

Vascular lesions caused by dilated blood vessels

A client is seen in the emergency department with severe pain related to a sickle cell crisis. What does the nurse understand is occurring with this client?

Vascular occlusion in small vessels decreasing blood and oxygen to the tissues

Which medication is the antidote to warfarin?

Vitamin K

The nurse recognizes that urinalysis results that most likely indicate a urinary tract infection include:

WBC 50

A client is admitted for treatment of chronic renal failure (CRF). The nurse knows that this disorder increases the client's risk of:

Water and sodium retention secondary to a severe decrease in the glomerular filtration rate

What is the most accurate indicator of fluid loss or gain?

Weight

The nurse is assigned to care for a patient in the oliguric phase of kidney failure. When does the nurse understand that oliguria is said to be present?

When the urine output is less than 30 mL/h

When evaluating arterial blood gases (ABGs), what value is consistent with metabolic alkalosis?

pH 7.48

A client with Guillain-Barré syndrome develops respiratory acidosis as a result of reduced alveolar ventilation. What combination of arterial blood gas (ABG) values confirms respiratory acidosis?

pH, 7.25; PaCO2 50 mm Hg

The nurse is analyzing the arterial blood gas (ABG) results of a client diagnosed with severe pneumonia. What ABG results indicates respiratory acidosis?

pH: 7.20, PaCO2: 65 mm Hg, HCO3-: 26 mEq/L

A client who is HIV+ has been diagnosed with Pneumocystis pneumonia caused by P. jiroveci. What medication will the client take for the treatment of this infection?

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole

A nurse receives her client care assignment. Following the report, she should give priority assessment to the client:

who, following a kidney transplant, has returned from hemodialysis with a sodium level of 110 mEq/L and a potassium level of 2.0 mEq/L