Health Science ch 13 & 15

Which of the following statements about human immunodeficiency virus is FALSE? A) An infected person remains symptomatic after the viral load set point is established. B) HIV is a retrovirus. C) The virus first attacks an individual's immune system. D) HIV is spread by the exchange of infected body fluids.

A) An infected person remains symptomatic after the viral load set point is established.

The lymphocytes that monitor blood and tissue fluids are which type of cell? A) B cell B) P cell C) A cell D) T cell

A) B cell

Which of the following statements about microorganisms that cause human infection and disease is FALSE? A) Protozoa rarely cause illness in humans. B) Examples of ectoparasites are fleas, ticks, lice, and scabies. C) Bacteria can normally be found in humans. D) Prions appear to be made entirely of protein.

A) Protozoa rarely cause illness in humans.

Which of the following statements about microorganisms that cause human infection and disease is FALSE? A) Protozoa rarely cause illness in humans. B) Examples of ectoparasites are fleas, ticks, lice, and scabies. C) Prions appear to be made entirely of protein. D) Bacteria can normally be found in humans.

A) Protozoa rarely cause illness in humans.

The lymphocytes that are responsible for monitoring the events that occur inside the body's cells are which type of cell? A) T cell B) P cell C) A cell D) B cell

A) T cell

Which of the following is TRUE regarding perinatal transmission of HIV? A) The risk of transmission from mother to child can be significantly reduced by the use of antiretroviral medication during pregnancy and delivery. A) Breast feeding is not a risk for HIV transmission, and women with HIV infection in the United States are encouraged to breast feed. B) Women in the United States are not routinely offered HIV testing during pregnancy, but they should request it if they feel they are at risk. C) The risk of perinatal HIV transmission only occurs at the time of delivery.

A) The risk of transmission from mother to child can be significantly reduced by the use of antiretroviral medication during pregnancy and delivery.

Hepatitis C most severely affects which area of the body? A) liver B) small intestine C) heart D) kidneys

A) liver

Which of the following is NOT a type of skin cancer? A) sarcoma B) basal cell C) melanoma D) squamous cell

A) sarcoma

The main factors believed to influence bacterial resistance are A) the frequency of resistance genes among bacteria, and antibiotic overuse. B) poor hand washing, and frequency of resistance genes among bacteria. C) overuse of antibiotics, and human evolutionary changes. D) the rate of bacteria growth, and poor hand washing practices.

A) the frequency of resistance genes among bacteria, and antibiotic overuse.

The term used to describe the speed and intensity with which a pathogen is likely to cause an infection is A) susceptibility. B) immunity. C) vector. D) virulence.

D) virulence.

A genetic link has been identified that makes people more likely to become addicted to tobacco, makes it harder to quit using, and increases the risk of lung cancer. True False

True

A widely recognized cancer-causing infection in the United States is the human papillomavirus (HPV). True False

True

Cancer can develop in any cell type. True False

True

Cancer develops from a single cell that goes awry. True False

True

For an individual cell to become a malignant line of cells, it must avoid growth control mechanisms for healthy cells. True False

True

Once an individual contracts herpes simplex virus (HSV), he or she is infected for life. True False

True

Phagocytes, cells involved in the innate immune system, digest damaged cells, foreign particles, and bacteria. True False

True

Prostate cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men. True False

True

The American Cancer Society recommends annual mammograms for women over age 40. True False

True

The SPF number for sunscreen is a rating of the sun protective factor of the sunscreen. True False

True

The body excretes lysozyme to decrease the chance of infection by bacteria entering through skin pores and hair follicles. True False

True

The most important feature in determining how well you will do if you have been diagnosed with a certain type of cancer is whether or not the cancer has spread beyond the original site. True False

True

The risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases increases proportionally with your number of sexual partners. True False

True

The skin is the first line of defense against infection. True False

True

Travelers need to be alert to infectious diseases they may encounter that do not occur in their home country. True False

True

When B cells encounter a specific antigen, they mature to become cells that produce antibodies for that antigen. True False

True

White individuals are more than 20 times more likely to have melanoma than Black individuals. True False

True

Which of the following statements about ovarian cancer is FALSE? A) BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes are associated with an increased risk of ovarian cancer. B) Women with a genetic predisposition for ovarian cancer have about a 10 percent chance of developing ovarian cancer. C) Removal of the ovaries decreases the risk of ovarian cancer. D) A genetic predisposition is the strongest risk factor for ovarian cancer.

B) Women with a genetic predisposition for ovarian cancer have about a 10 percent chance of developing ovarian cancer.

The most common form of cancer, ________, is a large category of cancers that originate from epithelial tissue. A) melanoma B) carcinoma C) leukemia D) sarcoma

B) carcinoma

Belinda recently completed a treatment program for breast cancer. For the last year, she took a drug treatment that worked to interfere with rapid cell division. What type of cancer treatment did Belinda undergo? A) immunotherapy B) chemotherapy C) gene therapy D) radiation

B) chemotherapy

Tanning lamps emit mostly UV radiation that is associated with signs of skin aging, such as wrinkling and sagging. In addition, which of the following skin cancers have been associated with tanning beds? A) There is no increased risk of skin cancer associated with tanning beds. B) melanoma, basal cell, and squamous cell C) only melanoma D) squamous cell and basal cell

B) melanoma, basal cell, and squamous cell

Cells that are capable of unlimited division and retain the ability to become different cell types are called A) tissue cells. B) stem cells. C) B cells. D) replication cells.

B) stem cells.

Which of the following statements about antibiotic resistance in bacteria is FALSE? A) Antibiotic use is not a factor in antibiotic resistance. B) Resistant genes arise naturally in bacteria. C) Bacteria can only pass resistant genes on to their progeny. D) Bacteria can share resistant genes with other bacteria.

C) Bacteria can only pass resistant genes on to their progeny

Which of the following statements regarding lung cancer is FALSE? A) For most people, symptoms of lung cancer do not appear until the disease is advanced. B) Lung cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer for men and women. C) Chest X-rays are recommended as a routine screening test for lung cancer. D) Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death.

C) Chest X-rays are recommended as a routine screening test for lung cancer.

Which of the following statements about diet's effect on cancer is FALSE? A) Diets rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains appear to decrease the risk for multiple cancers. B) Diets high in fat have been associated with several types of cancer. C) Diets high in fiber appear to increase the risk of colon cancer. D) Diets that include red and pink fruits and vegetables may reduce the risk for prostate cancer.

C) Diets high in fiber appear to increase the risk of colon cancer.

Which of the following statements regarding gonorrhea and chlamydia is FALSE? A) Women with either infection are usually asymptomatic. B) Antibiotics are available for treatment. C) Most men with chlamydia infection will have symptoms. D) Both symptomatic men and women experience pain and burning with urination.

C) Most men with chlamydia infection will have symptoms.

Which of the following statements about colon cancer is FALSE? A) Colon cancer is the third most common cause of cancer death. B) The signs of colon cancer do not usually occur until the cancer is fairly advanced. C) Postmenopausal women who take estrogen therapy have a higher risk of colon cancer. D) Aspirin has been shown to decrease the risk of colon cancer.

C) Postmenopausal women who take estrogen therapy have a higher risk of colon cancer.

When evaluating skin for changes in moles, which of the following is NOT a characteristic to be concerned about? A) diameter B) border C) frequency D) color variation

C) frequency

The genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 are associated with an increased risk for what type of cancer? A) colon B) skin C) brain D) breast

D) breast

Kyle has a cancer of the lymph nodes or glands. What type of cancer does Kyle have? A) myeloma B) sarcoma C) leukemia D) lymphoma

D) lymphoma

Mad cow disease is caused by what type of poorly understood microorganism? A) bacteria B) fungi C) protozoa D) prion

D) prion

What is the most common infectious disease worldwide? A) human papillomavirus B) hepatitis C C) HIV D) tuberculosis

D) tuberculosis

Which of the following is NOT a strong risk factor for ovarian cancer? A) family history B) personal history of breast, colon, or endometrial cancer C) use of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy D) use of oral contraceptive pills

D) use of oral contraceptive pills

By being vigilant and taking steps to reduce the spread of disease, we can eliminate infectious diseases within the next few decades. True False

False

Cancer promoters directly alter a cell's DNA, creating a genetic alteration that can lead to cancer. True False

False

For most people, symptoms associated with lung cancer appear early in the disease. True False

False

Gonorrhea is usually asymptomatic in men. True False

False

Hepatitis B vaccinations are not recommended for children. True False

False

Less than 100 organisms are associated with food-related illnesses. True False

False

Most new cases of hepatitis C are associated with blood transfusions. True False

False

Sexual transmission of hepatitis C is relatively common. True False

False

Tanning beds have been associated with basal and squamous cell cancer, but not with melanoma. True False

False

The tissue to which a cancer has metastasized determines what type of cancer it is. True False

False