Hema exam 1 Chapter 2, 28, 29 & 30

What happens to nuclear chromatin at mitosis? a. Opens b. Condenses c. Disappears d. Develops nucleoli

b. Condenses

What is the best method for detecting chromosomal material that has been structurally altered? a. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) b. G banding c. Q banding d. Ag-NOR banding

a. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH)

A laboratory gets numerous complaints regarding the length of time it takes hematology results to get to the emergency department. What would be an appropriate response? a. Make this a quality assurance project. b. Ignore the complaints. c. Explain why it takes so long. d. Tell the employees to work faster.

a. Make this a quality assurance project.

Which is evaluated using fluorochrome dyes that are bound to monoclonal antibodies? a. Membrane antigens b. Nuclear complexity c. Number of lymphocytes d. Cell size

a. Membrane antigens

Gel electrophoresis, restriction endonucleases, and hybridization techniques are methods to: a. detect DNA amplification. b. detect DNA extraction. c. measure concentration of DNA. d. identify BCR gene in chronic myelogenous leukemia.

a. detect DNA amplification.

Molecular testing is useful for all of the following except: a. evaluating clinical severity of anemia. b. finding chromosomal translocations in malignancies. c. detecting inherited disorders. d. identifying blood pathogens.

a. evaluating clinical severity of anemia.

Question 11: The control values for both controls for the prothrombin test were ranging between the mean and ±1 SD for the first 19 days of use. Starting on day 20, the values for both were consistently between +1 and +2 SDs. This is an example of a: a. shift. b. trend. c. random error. d. predictable error.

a. shift.

What tissue is most often studied for hematologic malignancies? a. Peripheral blood b. Bone marrow c. Spleen d. Lymph node sections

b. Bone marrow

The following hemoglobin results, reported in g/dL, are obtained on a hospitalized patient on 3 consecutive days: Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 14.3 11.5 14.4 The SD for this hemoglobin method was calculated in Question 18. A delta check was obtained on day 2. Controls were run as appropriate each day and were all within limits for this procedure. What is the most probable reason for the day 2 result when compared with those for days 1 and 3? a. It is within the 95.5% confidence levels for this test. b. It may represent an error in patient identification. c. The patient had a major blood loss between days 1 and 2. d. It is within the 99% confidence levels for this test.

b. It may represent an error in patient identification.

One of two controls that have been evaluated over the last 28 days gives a result on day 29 between 2 and 3 SDs of the mean; the other control is within 2 SDs of its mean. What is the correct procedure to follow? a. Ignore the result unless it happens again the next day. b. Rerun the control and, if acceptable, continue with patients. c. Recalibrate the instrument. d. Open new vials of controls and repeat both controls.

b. Rerun the control and, if acceptable, continue with patients.

The period in the cell cycle when deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is synthesized is: a. G1. b. S. c. G2. d. M.

b. S.

Forward scatter is related to what cellular feature? a. Density b. Size c. Granularity d. Complexity

b. Size

Question 18: A clinical laboratory scientist performs 30 replicate hemoglobin determinations on a single blood sample. When statistics are used to determine the precision of the method, the mean is 13.8 g/dL and 1 SD is 0.1 g/dL. This means that 95.5% of the results on this specimen lie: a. between 13.4 and 14.2 g/dL. b. between 13.6 and 14.0 g/dL. c. between 13.5 and 14.1 g/dL. d. between 13.7 and 13.9 g/dL.

b. between 13.6 and 14.0 g/dL.

The best way to prevent errors in the laboratory is to: a. purchase high-quality instruments from reputable vendors. b. hire professionals with integrity. c. have quality management. d. perform external quality control procedures.

b. hire professionals with integrity.

The precision limits of a method are defined by: a. the mean. b. the SD. c. sensitivity. d. specificity.

b. the SD.

Question 2: A patient's white blood cells (WBCs) are counted on an automated cell counter 10 times. The mean white count is 8000/mL, and the standard deviation (SD) is 300. What is the coefficient of variation (CV)? a. 0.04% b. 2.6% c. 3.8% d. 26%

c. 3.8%

A laboratory comparing its results to those of other laboratories on the same specimen is an example of: a. precision monitoring. b. internal quality assessment. c. external quality assessment. d. delta checks.

c. external quality assessment.

Before molecular methods are performed, the DNA must be: a. primed. b. flanked. c. elongated. d. amplified.

d. amplified.

What does the CV calculated in Question 2 describe about the white cell counts? a. Accuracy b. Reliability c. Proper calibration d. Precision

d. Precision

Which would most likely be associated with the situation described in Question 11? a. Operator error b. Fading light source c. Miscalibrated instrument d. Starting a new lot number of thromboplastin reagent

d. Starting a new lot number of thromboplastin reagent

Why is a "no-DNA" control used when performing molecular tests using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR)? a. To ensure that the targeted DNA is amplified b. To ensure that nontargeted DNA is negative c. To ensure that the targeted DNA containing the mutation is positive d. To ensure that no DNA cross-contamination of the samples, controls, or reagents occurs

d. To ensure that no DNA cross-contamination of the samples, controls, or reagents occurs

Areas of hematopathologic molecular testing include all except: a. detection of mutation. b. gene rearrangement. c. chromosomal abnormalities. d. gene splicing.

d. gene splicing.

All samples are commonly analyzed for chromosomes except: a. bone marrow. b. amniotic fluid. c. peripheral lymphocytes. d. tissue with a low mitotic rate.

d. tissue with a low mitotic rate.