HIST 1301 CHAPTER 9 PART 3

How did the westward expansion and the market revolution drive each other?

western settlers in isolated areas needed ways to get their goods to far-away markets, new inventions made it easier for people to make it out west - markets in the East developed, not only for produce but also for loans - financing from the East allowed western farmers to acquire more land and supplies - the steel plow made possible the rapid subduing of western prairies - the invention of the reaper increased the amount of wheat that a farmer could harvest

How did the market economy and westward expansion intensify the institution of slavery

- market revolution was a drastic change in the manual labor system originating in south - traditional commerce was replaced by improvements in transportation and communication - this change prompted the rebirth of the mercantilist ideas - federal government sold land to western migrants

What role did immigrants play in the new market society?

- some invented useful machinery - they filled in for the low wage unskilled jobs that native americans tried to avoid - came for political and religious freedoms - Irish and Germans came and formed tightly knit communities - the Irish were not skilled and filled the lower jobs that no one wanted to work; they were thankful to work and eat - the Germans were skilled individuals and got jobs as craftsmen, shoe keepers and farmers - German culture created schools and churches - Americans hated them because they told them that they are taking their jobs away, and for all the crimes happening in America - some immigrants worked in the congress and people thought was unfair

How did the market revolution change women's work and family roles?

- they were involved in textile manufacturing - lecture halls and churches were created to occupy women's free time - first time that large numbers of women left their homes to participate in the public world - new opportunity to earn money independently - workers were forced to work for low wages and harsh living conditions - only low-paying jobs were available to women - not working outside the home became a badge of respectability for women - freedom was freedom from labor - although middle-class women did not work outside the home, they did much work as wives and mothers - males commanded family wage

Identify the major transportation improvements in this period and explain how they influenced the market economy

Canals - Allowed for farm families to send their goods to the closest market. Steamboats - made upstream transportation a possibility. Railroads Opened vast new areas of the interior for settlement and development. Telegraph - Allowed for rapid communication throughout the nation. All four inventions wrenched the United States out of its economic past by making trade and business faster, cheaper and more efficient overall.

How did the meanings pf american freedom change in this period?

During this second great awakening American Freedom changed. There was more freedom than ever before. Laws begun to favor the individual person not the government. This was because of the new idea "individualism.

How did the market revolution spark social change?

Growth of cities, factory systems, the "mill girls," growth of immigration all had an impact on social change.

How did the state and local governments promote the national economy in this period

Market Revolution was a drastic change in the manual labor system originating in south Traditional commerce was made obsolete by improvements in transportation and communication. This change prompted the rebirth of the mercantilist ideas.

As it democratized American Christianity, the Second Awakening both took advantage of the market revolution and criticized its excess. Explain.

The Second Great Awakening took advantage of the market revolution because when the idea of individualism spread, the religious people when seeking for people that wanted to be independent , they manipulated them by saying that being independent also meant being religious. Several people began to go to church more often because they wanted to seek for help (God) and because they wanted for their sins to be pardoned. Since public schools were being funded by the government, the religious people demanded for religious education.

How did changes in the law promote development in the economic system?

The government made it a priority to ensure the economic success and future of America was set up for success.

What were the main elements of the market revolution?

The market revolution represented an acceleration of developments already under way in the colonial era. In the first half of the 19th century, in rapid succession, the steamboat, canal, railroad, and telegraph brought America out of its economic past. These innovation opened new land to settlement, lowered transportation costs, and made it far easier for economic enterprises to sell their products.

Give some examples of the rise of individualism in these years

There were more individuals that took the concept of the American way and used it to create their own businesses.

How did the market revolution affect lives of workers, women and African Americans?

These groups were all disadvantaged from this revolution. Free blacks were excluded from the new economic opportunities because of discrimination. These people may have been free but they lived in some of the poorest areas and conditions of anyone in the North. They were viewed as low wage competitors. Women were disadvantaged because the household declined as a center of economic production. Workers were forced to work in low wages and harsh living conditions