HIST V07A 2.2

What was patroonship?

A Dutch system of granting tracts of land in New Netherland to encourage colonization.

What was a maroon community?

A group of runaway slaves.

What was the primary cause of Bacon's Rebellion?

Former indentured servants wanted more opportunities to expand their territory.

How did the Chesapeake colonists solve their labor problems?

Instructor's Feedback: They encouraged colonization by offering headrights to anyone who could pay his own way to Virginia: fifty acres for each passage. They also used the system of indenture, in which people (usually men) who didn't have enough money to pay their own passage could work for a set number of years and then gain their own land. Increasingly, they also turned to African slaves.

Which religious order joined the French settlement in Canada and tried to convert the Natives to Christianity?

Jesuits

What is chattel slavery?

Legally defining slaves as property and not people

Compare and contrast European and Native views on property in colonial New England.

Native Peoples didn't have the same concept of owning personal property that Europeans did and believed that land should be held in common, for use by a group. They used land as they needed, often moving from area to area to follow food sources at different times of year. Europeans saw land as something individuals could own, and they used fences and other markers to define their property.

Which of the following is not true of the Puritan religion?

Only men could participate.

Who was the Pueblo leader who led his people in resisting the Spanish?

Popé

What is NOT an example of environmental change due to early European settlements?

The development of cross-Atlantic medical practices.

How did the English colonies in New England differ from the settlements in the Chesapeake Bay?

They were founded by Puritans seeking religious freedom.

What was the vision for "A City Upon a Hill"?

To become the new English Israel where Protestantism would be reformed.

Why did the Spanish build Castillo de San Marcos?

To defend against imperial challengers.

What was the most lucrative product of the Chesapeake colonies?

Tobacco

Which of the following is not an item Europeans introduced to Native Peoples?

Wampum

Select all that apply: What was the Puritan reaction when they encountered Native Peoples in New England?

b. They massacred large segments of the Native population. c. They tried to convert the Native population. d. They established settlements on Native territory.

How did the Pueblo attempt to maintain their autonomy in the face of Spanish settlement?

As the Spanish tried to convert the Pueblo to Catholicism, the Native people tried to fold Christian traditions into their own practices. This was unacceptable to the Spanish, who insisted on complete conversion—especially of the young, whom they took away from their families and tribes. When adaptation failed, Native peoples attempted to maintain their autonomy through outright revolt, as with the Pueblo Revolt of 1680. This revolt was successful, and for almost twelve years the Pueblos' lives returned to normalcy. Their autonomy was short-lived, however, as the Spanish took advantage of continued attacks by the Pueblos' enemies to re-establish control of the region.

How did European muskets change life for Native Peoples in the Americas?

European guns started an arms race among Indian groups. Tribes with ties to Europeans had a distinct advantage in wars with other tribes because muskets were so much more effective than bows and arrows. Guns changed the balance of power among different groups and tribes and made combat more deadly.

Which of the following was a goal of the Spanish in their destruction of Fort Caroline?

Reducing the threat of French privateers.

What is not true about Pocahontas?

She married John Smith.

What was at the root of the Salem Witch Trials in 1692?

Since Puritans believed in the supernatural, this is how they tried to make sense of their changing world. Blaming sickness, death or a bout of bad luck on neighbors who appeared threatening was a common practice and generated suspicion of townspeople (particularly women) who were accused of aligning with the devil through witchcraft. This made the most sense within the Puritan world view. While religious fears served as a fueling factor to these accusations, the hysteria also proved to serve some strategic political agendas.

How do these two artists portray the same man? What emotions are the illustration for his memoirs intended to evoke? What details can you find in the cartoon that indicate the artist's distaste for the preacher?

The illustration of Whitefield from his memoir evokes a sense of respectability and intense piousness. It shows him in complete control, which generates a level of authority. To contrast, the cartoon on the right reveals the artist's disdain for Whitefield as he speaks in front of a chaotic scene of people with devil-like creatures flying above his head. One could interpret this scene as indicating that Whitefield was a hypocrite who seems removed from the people he was speaking with.

Which of the following was not a root cause of the Anglo-Powhatan Wars?

The kidnapping and subsequent execution of Pocahontas

What was the Middle Passage?

The transatlantic journey that African slaves made to America.

What does it show about daily life for a gentleman planter? What does it show about slavery?

ccording to these diary entries, gentlemen planters were occupied by religious and intellectual life, managing their slaves (in both matters of behavior and morals), and in leisure. Byrd seemed to be conflicted about his feelings on disciplining slaves as references to punishment demonstrated conflicting views between him and his wife—a clue that this may have been an ongoing conflict within their household.

How did the French and Dutch colonists differ in their religious expectations? How did both compare to Spanish colonists?

french converted to catholicism but accepted the differences, dutch gave all religious freedom, and the spanish were strict catholic practices very hardcore

The founders of the Plymouth colony were:

puritans