history unit 2

what are extraterritorial rights

foreign residents can follow the laws of their own government rather than those of the host country

how did ismail transform egypt in the nineteenth century

he promoted large irrigation networks for cotton production and export

who took over after Muhammad rule of egypt

his grandsom, Ismail

where did population growth in Europe in the 18th century occur

in all regions

the Meiji Restoration restored the Japanese Emperor to power in 1876, what else did it do

initiated a series of measures to reform Japan along modern lines

why was simon bolivar unable to achieve his goal of uniting south america

smaller regions resisted so they could have their own nations

what happened in 1898 at fashoda

British and French troops encountered one another and set off a serious diplomatic crisis that only ended when the French backed down

what new model for european expansion did Britain establish in egypt

a combination of military force, political domination, and an ideology of beneficial reform

what was the boxer rebellion

a rebellion of traditionalist chinese patriots who wished to expel all westerners from china

philosopher that created law of self interest, law of competition, law of supply and demand, laissez-faire, wealth of nations, invisible hand, inventor of capitalism

adam smith

why did japan open it's doors to western trade

as a response to US military pressure

economic philosopher that created the iron law of wages that stated that, due to a growing population, a poor working class will always remain; idea of comparative advantage, specialization and trade

david ricardo

why did great britain choose to seize land in Africa and Asia in the late nineteenth century

it feared that france and germany would seal off their empires with high tariffs, causing it to lose future economic opportunities

by 1890, how had Japan met the challenge of western expansion

it selectively adopted those elements of Western society that were in keeping with Japanese tradition

philosopher that was a communist manifesto; created middle class (bourgeoisie) and working class (proletariat)

karl marx

how did the Peace of Westphalia mark a turning point in European history

large-scale armed conflicts over religion came to an end

opposed divine right of kings, natural rights: liberty, life, property, and social contract; government by the people for the people; the ability to overthrow the government when rights are not protected; inspired american revolution

locke

argued for separation of powers; wanted three branches of government; checks and balances; wanted to strengthen the intermediary powers; outline for the US constitution

montesquieu

what was China required to do in the Treaty of Nanking (1842) that ended the first Opium war

open up four large cities to unlimited foreign trade with low tariffs

what was the edict of nantes

permitted French Huguenots to worship freely

what was "Nativism" in the nineteenth century

policies and beliefs, often influenced by nationalism, scientific racism, and mass migration, that gave preferential treatment to established inhabitants over immigration

what medication proved to be effective in controlling malaria and allowing Europeans to venture into the mosquito-infested interior of Africa

quinine

attacked nationalism and civilization as destroying the individual; social contract; believed popular sovereignty government should obey the will of the people; the ability to overthrow the government when rights are violated

rousseau

to what extent did the new imperialism result in economic gains and why

the economic gains were limited because the new colonies were too poor to buy european goods and offered few immediately profitable investments

how did some British women seek to affect British colonialism in India in the nineteenth century

they worked to improve the lives on Indian women, moving them closer to Western standards through education and legislation

philosopher that supported ideas of adam smith; essay on principles of population - population controls economy, population increases more rapidly than food supply; population must be kept in check

thomas malthus

reformer in politics and did not believe social and economic equality; citizens only depend on the laws that protect their freedom; believed in civil liberties (freedom of speech, religion); fought against intolerance, injustice, despised catholic repression

voltaire

after 1860, why did foreign aggression diminish in China until near the end of the century

Europeans had obtained their primary goal of commercial and diplomatic relations

what was the result of the berlin conference

It set up the terms for the division of most of Africa among European colonial powers