HM Quiz 9

Marie is 55 years old and just had her first DXA assessment. The results indicated that she has a T-score of -1.5 (minus 1.5). What does her T-score indicate? A) Compared to a 30-year-old healthy adult, she has low bone mass. B) Compared to a 30-year-old healthy adult, she has osteoporosis. C) Compared to a 30-year-old healthy adult, her bone density is normal. D) Nothing. DXA is not able to determine bone density in women over 50.

A) Compared to a 30-year-old healthy adult, she has low bone mass.

Which of the following is FALSE concerning calcium? A) Ninety-nine percent of calcium is found in the blood and soft tissue. B) Calcium is a major mineral. C) When blood calcium falls, osteoclasts will liberate calcium from the skeleton. D) Calcium's alkalinity assists in regulating acid-base balance.

A) Ninety-nine percent of calcium is found in the blood and soft tissue

Which of the following refers to the two-step process in which bone tissue is recycled? A) bone remodeling B) bone regeneration C) bone modeling D) bone growth

A) bone remodeling

What type of calcium supplement contains the highest amount of calcium per dose? A) calcium carbonate B) calcium citrate C) calcium lactate D) calcium phosphate

A) calcium carbonate

In women, the risk of osteoporosis increases with menopause due to the loss of the hormone A) estrogen. B) insulin. C) thyroid. D) progesterone.

A) estrogen.

A T-score between +1 (plus 1) and -1 (minus 1) on a DXA signifies A) normal bone density. B) growing bone. C) lower than normal bone density. D) osteoporosis.

A) normal bone density.

Insufficient vitamin D during adulthood is associated with A) osteomalacia. B) rickets. C) hypocalcemia. D) kidney stones.

A) osteomalacia.

Dowager's hump is one characteristic of A) osteoporosis. B) the female athlete triad. C) rickets. D) fluorosis.

A) osteoporosis.

The spongy bone that is found within the ends of long bones is called... A) trabecular B) collagen C) osteoblast D) cortical

A) trabecular

Which of the following is FALSE concerning calcium? A) Calcium is a major mineral. B) Ninety-nine percent of calcium is found in the blood and soft tissue. C) Calcium's alkalinity assists in regulating acid-base balance. D) When blood calcium falls, osteoclasts will liberate calcium from the skeleton.

B) Ninety-nine percent of calcium is found in the blood and soft tissue.

Which process determines the shape of bones? A) bone turnover B) bone modeling C) bone growth D) bone remodeling

B) bone modeling

Which of the following techniques can assess the risk of fracture? A) underwater weighing B) Dual energy x-ray absorptiometry C) blood calcium assessment D) bioelectrical impedance testing

B) dual energy x-ray absorptiometry

What is the primary reason osteoporosis incidence in the United States is expected to increase? A) inadequate treatment options B) increased longevity of the population C) decline in milk consumption D) increased diagnostic tools

B) increased longevity of the population

Which of the following is our primary dietary source of vitamin D? A) green leafy vegetables B) milk C) seafood D) chicken

B) milk

Bone cells that are responsible for bone resorption are called A) osteoblasts. B) osteoclasts. C) cortical. D) trabecular.

B) osteoclasts.

Which of the following is NOT a function of calcium? A) muscle contraction B) promotes osteoclasts to break down bone C) transmission of nerve impulses D) maintenance of blood pressure

B) promotes osteoclasts to break down bone

Around what age does bone resorption generally begin to occur more rapidly than bone formation? A) 20 B) 10 C) 40 D) 60

C) 40

A person suffering from osteomalacia is prone to A) bowed legs. B) high blood pressure. C) bone fractures. D) diseased gums.

C) bone fractures.

The primary, active form of vitamin D in the human body is A) calcidiol. B) calcitonin. C) calcitriol. D) 7-dehydrocholesterol.

C) calcitriol

Assuming equal serving sizes, which of the following foods would be the poorest source of calcium? A) skim milk B) cheddar cheese C) cottage cheese D) whole milk

C) cottage cheese

Calcitonin is a hormone secreted by which gland? A) pituitary B) adrenal C) thyroid D) parathyroid

C) thyroid

Around what age does bone resorption generally begin to occur more rapidly than bone formation? Incorrect Response A) 40 B) 10 C) 60. D) 20

D) 20

Marie is 55 years old and just had her first DXA assessment. The results indicated that she has a T-score of -1.5 (minus 1.5). What does her T-score indicate? A) Nothing, because DXA is not able to determine bone density in women over 50. B) Compared to a 30-year-old healthy adult, she has osteoporosis. C) Compared to a 30-year-old healthy adult, her bone density is normal. D) Compared to a 30-year-old healthy adult, she has low bone mass.

D) Compared to a 30-year-old healthy adult, she has low bone mass.

Fluorosis is associated with A) Alzheimer's disease. B) osteoporosis. C) insufficient intake of fluoride. D) consuming too much fluoride.

D) consuming too much fluoride.

The most common sites of fracture in an individual suffering from osteoporosis are the A) sternum and ribs. B) femur and tibia. C) clavicle and scapula. D) hip and spine.

D) hip and spine.

In addition to dietary sources, vitamin K is produced in our A) brain. B) stomach. C) D) large intestine.

D) large intestine.

Which of the following is our primary dietary source of vitamin D? A) chicken B) seafood C) green leafy vegetables Correct Response D) milk

D) milk

Where do humans obtain vitamin D? A) intestinal bacteria B) stomach bacteria C) moonlight D) sunlight

D) sunlight

When does bone growth and modeling start? A) during infancy B) at birth C) during childhood D) during fetal development

D) during fetal development