HMH Florida Science Grade 6: Unit 3 - Lesson 5

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What affects surface currents?

Continental deflections, Coriolis Effect, and Global winds.

What is a convection current?

a combination of surface and deep currents that work like a convection belt and distribute energy in the form of heat throughout the ocean

What is more dense, colder water or warmer water?

colder water

Global ocean currents distribute what two things all around the Earth?

energy and matter

What can push ocean water across the Earth's surface to create surface currents?

global winds

What kind of energy do ocean currents transport?

heat from the equator

What three spheres does an upwelling involve?

hydrosphere, biosphere and atmosphere

How does the sun power surface currents?

it causes difference in temperature across Earth, which causes differences in air pressure, which causes winds, and the winds create surface currents

In the southern hemisphere the Coriolis effect cause the currents to be deflected to the right or left?

left

Does higher salinity make water more or less dense?

more

What are deep currents?

movements of ocean water below the surface caused by differences in density

What does the water from the deep ocean supply?

nutrients from the decay of marine organisms

What do the nutrients from the deep ocean water supply with food?

plankton and other marine organisms

In the northern hemisphere the Coriolis effect causes the currents to be deflected to the right or left?

right

What two things cause differences in water density?

salinity and temperature

What two things combine to make global ocean circulation?

surface currents and deep currents

Coriolis effect

the deflection of moving objects from a straight path due to Earth's rotation

What is upwelling?

the process in which winds blow warm water away from a shore which allows cold water from the deep ocean to rise

What is the major source of energy that powers surface currents?

the sun

When surface currents meet continents they are deflected and change direction. True or False?

true

What are some examples of the kinds of life that ocean currents can carry?

turtles, coconuts and phytoplankton

How do convection currents transfer energy?

water at the ocean's surface absorbs energy from the sun which can be carried to cooler regions

What kinds of matter does ocean water transport?

water, solids, nutrients and dissolved gasses

When do deep currents form?

when water at the ocean surface becomes dense enough to sink far below the surface

Is the water from the deep ocean nutrient rich?

yes


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