Honors Anatomy and Physiology Exam

Effector

A cell or organ that responds to commands of the control center in negative feedback is termed a_______________

All levels of organization within an organism are interdependent

A chemical imbalance in the blood can cause the heart to stop pumping blood, which in turn will cause other tissues and organs to cease functioning. This observation supports the view_____________

inversion

A common injury to the ankle occurs by excessive turning of the solve inward, termed_____________________

Parasagittal

A cut parallel to the midsagittal plane would produce a(n) ________ section.

The central nervous system consists of the brain and spinal cord and it integrates, processes, and coordinates sensory data and motor commands. The peripheral nervous system consists of all the nervous tissue outside the central and enteric nervous system.

Compare the central and peripheral nervous system.

second-class

Contracting the gastrocnemius muscles to elevate the body on the toes involves a ___ lever.

both parasympathetic and sympathetic levels of stimulation

Control of the diameter of the respiratory passages depends upon____________________________.

fracture

Damage to a bone because of extreme load, sudden impact, or stresses applied from an unusual direction is called a ___________________________.

supporting connective

Damage to a joint cartilage is affecting which type of tissue?

receptor, sensory neuron, motor neuron, effector, and sometimes interneurons may be involved.

List the components of a reflex are.

ARE: supporting epithelia, anchoring blood vessels and nerves, storing fats, serving as packing materials NOT: transporting substances throughout the body

Loose connective tissue functions in all of the following ways EXCEPT,

pulling both thighs inward toward a center point, bringing your knees together

Many gyms feature weightlifting machines called "adductor machines" that are use to strengthen the thighs. If you were to work out on one of these, what would you be doing?

the gastrointestinal tract

Motile cilia cover the free surface of_________________

elevation

Movement associated with chewing food?

Italy

Much of the early history in anatomy is tied to what country____________

contraction

Muscle tissue, one of the four basic tissue groups, consists chiefly of cells that are highly specialized for__________________

medialis

Muscles located close to the midline of the body may be called_______________________

TRUE: supraspinatus, infraspinatus, subscapularis, teres minor FALSE: rhomboid

Muscles of the rotator cuff include all of the following EXCEPT the_____________________

cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, glands, and adipose tissue

Name the effectors of the ANS.

cell body, axon, dendrites

Name the structural components of a typical neuron.

muscle cells

Neurons and________________ have electrically excitable membranes that propagate action potentials.

flexion and extension

Nodding your head "yes" is an example of___________________

8

Number of carpals in each hand?

12

Number of pairs of ribs in human body?

medial rectus

Pam's daughter is born cross-eyed. As she grows, the problem does not improve. Her physician suggests cutting an eye muscle to bring the eyes into a more normal position. Which muscle will the doctor cut?

TRUE: is called carpal tunnel syndrome, results from inflammation of the synovial tendon sheaths, results from inflammation of the carpal retinacula, irritates the median nerve TRUE: never causes muscle weakness

People who are engaged in repetitive hand movements such as typing or playing the piano may suffer wrist pain, especially during palmar flexion. All of the following are true concerning this condition EXCEPT that it________________________________

Integumentary

Protection from the environmental hazards is a function of the __________system

1. extensive bleeding occurs, 3. hematoma is formed to close off blood flow, 2. an internal callus forms from a network of spongy bone, 5. osteoblasts replace the central cartilage of the callus, 4. remodeling continues by osteoblasts and osteoclasts leaving little evidence of the break

Put the following steps of fracture repair into the correct order?

Ipsilateral

Reflexes that activate muscles on the same side of the body as the stimulus are called_____________________________.

grey

Regions of the CNS where neuron cell bodies dominate constitute the_____________________ matter.

white

Regions of the CNS with an abundance of myelinated axons constitute the______________________ matter.

Kertanized stratified squamous

The epithelial tissue that covers skin is classified as __________________

mesothelium

The epithelium that lines the body cavities is known as_________________

separates the pleural cavities and contains the pericardial cavity

The mediastinum______________________

marrow

The medullary cavity of bones contains_______________

important in regulating muscle length

The stretch reflex___________________________

sliding filament theory

The structural explanation of how a muscle fiber contracts is called the_____________________________

gomphosis

The synarthrosis that binds the teeth to the bony socket is a __________________________

pericardial and pleural cavities

The thoracic cavity contains the

connective tissue proper, fluid connective, and supporting connective

The three types of connective tissues include_________________

white cells, red cells, and platelets

The three types of formed elements of blood are ________.

collagen, reticular, elastic

The three types of protein fibers in connective tissue are

nodes

The tiny gaps between adjacent Schwann cells are called_____________________________.

epithelial

The tissue that always has a "top" and a "bottom" is_____________tissue

circumduction

The two little girls who hold and move the rope in jump-rope are performing what action?

thoracic and abdominopelvic

The two major divisions of the ventral body cavity are the____________________________

isometric

The type of contraction in which the muscle fibers bulge but do not shorten is called_________________________

slow

The type of muscle fiber that is most resistant to fatigue is the __________________________ fiber.

Right lower; left lower

The urinary bladder is found in the ________ quadrant and the ________ quadrant.

occipital lobe

The visual cortex is located in the_________________________

plasma

The watery fluid component of blood is called ______________________

distal

The wrist is ______________ to elbow elbow

retract and elevate the corner of the mouth

The zygomaticus major muscle acts to _____.

thalamus

The__________________ filters and relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex.

crossed extensor

The__________________ reflex complements the flexor reflex by activating contralateral muscles.

somatic

The____________________ nervous system controls the skeletal muscles.

stratified columnar

The_____________________ epithelium is found in the large pancreatic ducts.

Masseter

The_______________________ muscle acts to elevate the mandible and close the jaw.

central

The________________________ nervous system is composed of the brain and spinal cord.

autonomic

The___________________________ nervous system provides involuntary regulation of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glandular activity.

hypothalamus

The___________________________ provides the principal link between the nervous and endocrine systems.

12

There are ____ pairs of cranial nerves

Tina suffered no damage to her spinal cord

Tina falls while climbing a tree and lands on her back. Her frightened parents take her to the emergency room, where she is examines. Her knee-jerk reflex is normal and she exhibits a plantar reflex (negative Babinski reflex). These results suggest that

muscle

Tissue that is specialized for contraction is __________________tissue

neural

Tissue that is specialized for the conduction of electrical impulses is ________ tissue.

moves a limb away from a painful stimulus

The flexor reflex___________________

reticular connective

The framework or stroma of organs such as the spleen, liver, and lymph nodes is made up of ________ tissue.

support, move, and brace limbs

The function of the appendicular muscles is to________________________

medial

The heart is ________ to the lungs.

Organ

The heart is an example of an ____________________

decreases the level of calcium ion in the blood

The hormone calcitonin____________________

long

The humerus is an example of a(n) ________ bone.

Brain

The integrating center for the negative feedback loop that regulates body temperature is________________

absorbed quickly

The intestinal response to PTH secretion when calcium ion levels are low is that calcium is_____________________

shoulder

The joint that permits the greatest range of mobility of any joint in the body is the ________ joint.

Right upper

The liver is primarily located in the ________ quadrant.

articulation

The location where two bones meet is called a joint, or an_________________________

Homeostasis

The maintenance of a constant internal environment in an organism is

dense irregular connective tissues

Tissues that provide strength and support for areas subjected to stresses from many directions are __________________________

opposition

To pinch with a thumb and finger involves a movement called________________

the buccinator and orbicularis oris

Tom, a trumpet player, asks you which muscles he should develop in order to be a better trumpeter. What would you tell him?

lining the urinary bladder

Transitional epithelium is found_________________

sympathetic division of the ANS

Which division of the ANS is responsible for the physiological changes you experience when startled by a loud noise?

sensory

Which division of the PNS brings information to the CNS?

plantar flexion

Which foot movement enables a ballerina to stand on her toes?

mature bone cell

Which of the following best matches osteocytes?

vertebra

Which of the following bones is classified as "{irregular" in shape?

fibroblasts

Which of the following connective tissue cells produces collagen?

lateral rotation of the humerus

Which of the following describes the action of the serratus anterior?

TRUE: provides cushioning for delicate neural tissues, provides buoyant support for the brain, acts as a transport medium for nutrients, acts as a transport medium for waste products FALSE: provides ATP for impulse transmission

Which of the following is NOT a function of cerebrospinal fluid?

ARE: body support, calcium homeostasis, protection of internal organs, blood cell production NOT: temperature regulation

Which of the following is NOT a function of skeletal system?

TRUE: sense the internal and external environments, integrate sensory information, coordinate voluntary and involuntary activities, and control peripheral effectors FALSE: direct long-term functions, such a growth

Which of the following is NOT a function of the nervous system?

ARE: freely movable, reinforced by accessory structures, contain synovial fluid, covered by a capsule NOT: covered by a serous membrane

Which of the following is NOT a property of synovial joints?

TRUE: produce movement, maintain posture, maintain body temperature, guard body entrances and exits FALSE: controlled involuntarily

Which of the following is NOT a recognized function of skeletal muscle?

TRUE: anaxonic, bipolar, multipolar, unipolar FALSE: pseudopolar

Which of the following is NOT a recognized structural classification for neurons?

TRUE: inferior rectus, lateral rectus, medial rectus, superior oblique FALSE: rectus abdominis

Which of the following is NOT an extrinsic eye muscle?

YES: right hypochondriac, right inguinal region, left lumbar, left hypochondriac NOT: upper right

Which of the following is NOT considered an abdominopelvic region?

TRUE: parallel, convergent, pennate, circular FALSE: perpendicular

Which of the following is NOT one of the forms of fascicle organization?

TRUE: buccinator, depressor labii inferioris, risorius, mentalis FALSE: masseter

Which of the following is NOT primarily a muscle of facial expression?

TRUE: normal in newborns, abnormal in adults, a sign of injury to descending spinal tracts, causes flaring of the toes when the sole is stroked FALSE: causes you to close your eyes when you sneeze

Which of the following is NOT true about a positive Babinski reflex?

TRUE: it depends upon calcium stored and released from the skeletal system, It depends upon calcitonin and parathyroid hormone levels to maintain calcium homeostasis, it depends upon the integumentary system to protect muscles, it depends upon the nervous system to stimulate skeletal muscle tissue to contract FALSE: it depends upon the cardiovascular system to provide the hemoglobin stored in slow muscle fibers

Which of the following is NOT true of the muscular system?

Downward

While standing erect, the direction of caudal is___________

back refers to dorsal

While standing in the anatomical position______________

muscle tension is produced

in the excitation-contraction coupling cycle, what is the last step?

negative

if a response DECREASES a disturbance, the system is classified as a _______________________ feedback system

muscle, connective, epithelial, nervous

in which of the following are the four tissue types arranged correctly from the highest to lowest percentage of body weight?

synarthrosis

A suture is an example of a ____________________

diarthrosis

A synovial joint is an example of a___________________

bone

Chondrocytes are to cartilage as osteocytes are to_______________

fibrocartilage

A herniated discs is an injury of the pads of cartilage between the vertebrae in which the cartilage bulges from normal position. What type of cartilage is affected?

hinge

A joint that permits only flexion and extension is a _____________________joint.

Heart

A midsagittal section would pass through the _______________

synergist

A muscle that assists the muscle that is primarily responsible for a given action is an_____________________

circular

A muscle that controls the diameter of an opening is a ___________ muscle.

hypoglossal

A patient develops a tumor of a cranial nerve that leads to difficulty in speaking from a loss of tongue movement. Which cranial nerve is affected?

Anatomical

A person facing forward with hands at the sides and palms facing forward is in the ________________

Supine

A person is lying on the bed gazing at the ceiling. She is in___________position

prone

A person lying face down is in the _____________position

flat

A rib is an example of a __________________bone

amphiarthrosis

A slightly movable joint is an__________________

serous membrane

Adhesions of the abdominopelvic organs due to friction occur when ____________________ is/are damaged.

left frontal

After suffering a stroke, Mary finds that she cannot move her right arm. This would suggest that the stroke damage is in the area of the ________ lobe.

ARE: pituitary, thyroid, thymus, pancreas NOT: Muscle

All of the following are organs of the endocrine system, except______________

the spleen

All of the following are structures of the cardiovascular system, except__________________

ARE: lack centrioles and cannot divide, conduct a nervous impulse, composed of dendrites a cell body, and an axon, the longest cells in the body NOT: are a very specialized form of connective tissue

All of the following are true of neurons EXCEPT that they

TRUE: diaphragm FALSE: internal oblique, external oblique, rectus abdominis, transverse abdominis

All of the following muscles compresses the abdomen EXCEPT_________________

ARE: simple squamous, simple cuboidal, pseudostratified columnar, simple columnar NOT: stratified squamous

All of the following types of epithelium can be found where absorption or secretion takes place EXCEPT_______________

ARE: develops within a connective tissue, has no basement membrane, has gaps of up to 1 mm between adjacent cells, continually exchanging fluid and solutes between its fluid and the blood NOT: Avascular

All the following are characteristics of synovial membrane EXCEPT that is_______________________

ARE: loose areolar, adipose, reticular, dense regular NOT: cartilage

All the following are connective tissue proper, EXCEPT_________________

YES: blood clot formation release of chemicals from the blood vessels after injury, decrease bleeding after injury, relaxation of smooth muscles blood vessels when body temperature goes up. NOT: Increase heart rare after blood loss

All the following are examples of positive feedback EXCEPT,

DO: brain, skin, blood vessels, sweat glands NOT: gastrointestinal system

All the following participate in thermoregulation EXCEPT,

TRUE: biceps femoris, semimembranosus, semitendinosus, sartorius FALSE: rectus femoris

All the following provides flexion of the knee EXCEPT__________________

agonist

An alternate name for the prime mover in muscle action is__________________________

anterior

An anatomical term that means the SAME as "ventral" is____________

epithelium

Close examination of an organ reveals a lining of several layers of cells. The layers do not contain any blood vessels and one surface of the cells is open to the internal cavity of the organ. This tissue is probably________________

tibialis anterior

An antagonist to the gastrocnemius is the__________________________________

YES: Temperature sensors on the skin that detect a stimulus NO: sweat glands that increase secretion, regulatory centers that send commands to an effector, effectors that cause blood vessels to dilate, sweat glands that act like effectors

An example of a receptor in a negative feedback loop controlling body temperature would be____________

compound

An open, or_______________, fracture projects through the skin.

sensory function

Are unipolar neurons in a tissue sample of the PNS more likely to have a sensory or a motor function?

articular cartilage

Arthritis always involves damage to ______________________

Function

Because the anatomy and physiology of the body's structures are interrelated, it is often said that "form determines____________"

hyperextend

Bending at the neck to look up at starts would _________________ the neck.

fluid connective tissue

Blood belongs to which of the following types of connective tissue?

calcium

Bone plays a central role in the regulation of blood levels of__________________

adipocytes

Cells that store fat are called________________

ARE: secretion, regeneration, polarity, contraction NOT: avascularity

Characteristics of epithelia include all the following EXCEPT

adduct the humerus

Damage to the pectoralis major would interfere with a persons ability to:

oculomotor

Damage to the_________________________ nerve would result in near paralysis of the eye.

white blood cells

Defense cells in blood are called ___________________

A spinal reflex is an automatic response to a stimulus that is controlled in the spinal cord and can function without input from the brain.

Define spinal reflex.

Sensory input travels toward the spinal cord and motor commands travel away from the spinal cord.

Describe the direction of sensory input and motor commands relative to the spinal cord.

vagus and glossopharyngeal

Difficulty in swallowing may be a sign of damage to which cranial nerves?

Endocrine

Directing long-term changes in activities of other organ systems is the major function of the _____________system

lobes

Divisions of the cerebral hemispheres that are named after the overlying skull bones are_______________________

oculomotor

Droopy eyelids and double vision can result from injury to the_______________________ nerve.

The opposite side is extended. This is called the crossed extensor reflex.

During a withdrawal reflex of the foot, what happens to the limb on the side opposite the stimulus? What is this response called?

bones grow wider

During appositional growth,______________

glucose is produced from lactate

During the Cori cycle in the liver__________________

additional oxygen is required to restore energy reserves consumed during exercise

During the recovery period, the body's need for oxygen is increased because___________________________

areolar connective tissue

Each of the following is an example of dense connective tissue EXCEPT_________________

TRUE: levator, pronator, tensor, adductor FALSE: sartorius

Each of the following terms is a descriptive term for a muscle's action EXCEPT__________________

in the ear

Elastic cartilage is found_______________

Urinary

Elimination of excess water, salts, and waste products are functions of the _______________________system

secretion

Epithelial cells exhibit modifications that adapt them for______________

medullary cavity

Fat is stored within in__________________

YES: providing physical protection, controlling permeability, absorption, producing specialized secretions NOT: supporting muscle cells

Functions of epithelial include all the following EXCEPT

endocrine

Glands that secrete hormones into the interstitial fluid are____________________ glands.

simple squamous

The epithelial cells that are flat, thin and have one layer called______________

Receptor; control center (integrating center); effector

Homeostatic regulations usually involves a________________that detects a particular stimulus, and a _______________that responds to the stimulus by communicating with an ______________effector whose activity has an effect on the same stimulus

the bone would be more brittle

How would denaturing collagen from the bone matrix affect the physical properties of a bone?

sympathetic division and parasympathetic division

Identify two major divisions of the ANS.

Positive

If a response INCREASES a disturbance, the system is classified as a____________________ feedback system

intercellular

In _____________________ growth, cartilage grows wider or thicker in diameter.

muscle tension exceeds the load and the muscle lifts the load

In an isometric contraction,____________________________________

leg extension and the effectors are the quadriceps femoris

In the patellar reflex, identify the response observed and the effectors involved.

muscle contraction

Interactions between actin and myosin filaments of the sarcomere are responsible for____________________

cardiac muscle

Intercalated discs and striations are characteristic of _________________tissue.

trigeminal

Jean needs to have a tooth in her mandible filled. Her dentist injects a local anesthetic to block pain afferents in one of her cranial nerves. What cranial nerve does the dentist numb?

Hypothalamus

Joe begins to experience mood swings and disturbed thirst and hunger. Imaging studies indicate that a brain tumor is the likely cause of these disorders. In what part of the brain is the tumor most likely located?

unipolar

Sensory neurons of the PNS are____________________

forming the kidney tubules

Simple cuboidal epithelium is found__________________

shortens

Since each myofibril is attached at either end of the muscle fiber, when sarcomeres shorten, the muscle fiber____________________________

sutural

Small, oddly shaped bones that fill gaps between bones of the skull are called ________ bones.

TRUE: vasoconstriction to digestive organs, vasodilation to skeletal muscle, increased heart rate, increase in alertness FALSE: increased release of insulin

Sympathetic activation leads to all of the following EXCEPT______________________

fibrocartilage

Syndesmosis is to ligament as symphysis is to________________

one body part in relation to another

Terms of anatomical direction are used to describe______________

orbicularis oris

The "kissing muscle" that purses the lips is the___________________________

inferior rectus

The ______________________muscle allows you to look down

Kneecap

The anatomical name for the patellar region is the__________

thumb

The anatomical name for the pollex is the__________

cheek

The anatomical term for the buccal region is the _____________

epiphysis

The articular cartilage of a typical long bone covers portion of what part of the body?

temporal lobe

The auditory cortex is located in the_______________________

TRUE: facial expression, the tongue, the eye, mastication FALSE: vocal expression

The axial muscles of the head and neck are assigned to one of the following functional groups EXCEPT the muscles of_______________________________

neuron

The basic functional unit of the nervous system is the_________________________

simple squamous

The body's most delicate type of epithelium is the ___________________ epithelium

TRUE: dictate direction of movement, modify distance of movement produced by a force, contribute effective strength of a force, modify speed of movement produced by a force FALSE: inhibit movement

The bones, which serve as levers in the body, do NOT___________________

tendon

The bundle of collagen fibers at the end___________________

short

The carpal bones are examples of_______________bones

Homeostasis

The central principle of physiology is

parietal lobe

The cerebral area posterior to the central sulcus is the________________________

inferior

The chin is________________ to the nose

Wrist

The common term for the carpal region is the__________

Trigeminal

The cranial nerve that has three major branches is the_______________________

Endomysium

The delicate connective tissue that surrounds the skeletal muscle fibers and ties adjacent muscle fibers together is the_______________________________

epimysium

The dense layer of connective tissue that surrounds the entire skeletal muscle is the_______________________

collagen

The dominant fiber type in most dense connective tissue is ___________________

stratified cuboidal

The ducts of sweat glands and mammary glands are covered by________________ epithelium.

hinge

The elbow joint is an example of a(n) _____ joint.

origin

The end of a muscle that remains stationary when the muscle contracts is called the________________________

multipolar

The most abundant class of neuron in the central nervous system is______________________

third-class

The most common lever systems in the body are those that have the applied force between the fulcrum and the load. These are called ________ levers.

depression

The movement of a body part downward is called____________________

lateral (external) rotation

The movement of rotating a limb outward is called____________________

thoracic cavity; abdominopelvic cavity

The muscle known as the diaphragm separates the ________ from the ________.

triceps brachii

The muscle that extends the arm while doing push-ups is the_______________________________

smooth

The muscle tissues that shows no striations is ____________________muscle

oligodendrocytes

The myelin sheath that covers many CNS axons is formed by____________________________

TRUE: the angle of the muscle relative to the long axis of the body, the action of the muscle, the location of the muscle, structural characteristics of the muscle FALSE: collagen content of the muscle

The names of the muscles can indicate all of the following EXCEPT_______________________________

digestion

The parasympathetic nervous system is especially active during which physiological states?

sarcolemma

The plasma membrane of the skeletal muscle is called the____________________

deltoid

The powerful abductor muscles of the upper arm is the______________________

exocrine

The process of lactation (milk production) depends on both merocrine and __________________ secretion by mammary gland epithelial cells.

pelvic quadrant

The quadrants of the abdominopelvic region include all of the following except the

condylar

The radiocarpal joints is a__________________

I band

The region of the sarcomere that always contains only thin filaments is the_______________________

parietal lobe and the frontal lobe

The regions of the cerebral cortex superior to the lateral sulcus is the___________________________.

Sacromere

The repeating contractile unit of a skeletal muscle fiber is the___________________

right lung

The right pleural cavity contains the___________

Peritoneum

The serous membrane covering the stomach and most of the intestines is called the_________________

diaphysis

The shaft of a long bone is called the ______________

deltoid, triceps brachii, and brachioradialis

Twelve-year-old Aaron tried out for the Little League baseball team and was chosen as a pitcher. One day, after a few months of practice and games, Aaron's father told him, "Hey, kid, you're really getting some muscle definition there! You're going to be a major league pitcher someday, with muscles like that!" Which of Aaron's muscles in particular do you think were growing stronger and getting larger as a result of his pitching?

on the heart itself

Visceral pericardium is located_______________

All reflexes are rapid, unconscious patterned responses to stimuli that restore or maintain homeostasis.

What are common characteristics of reflexes?

A reflex is a rapid, automatic response triggered by specific stimuli.

What is a reflex?

Cellular

What is the smallest living level of organization

red blood cells

What type of cells makes up almost half the volume of blood?

appear dark red

When comparing slow fibers to fast fibers, slow fibers___________________________

Illness or disease

When homeostatic mechanisms fail, an individual will experience the symptoms of_______________

long bones have reaches their adult length

When the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone,______________________

lumbar and cervical

Which curvatures of the spine develop after birth?

ARE: interacts with the muscular system to provide movement, interacts with the nervous system by providing protection to the spinal cord, interacts with the cardiovascular system by providing blood cells, interacts with the digestive system by absorbing more calcium when needed NOT: it interacts with the lymphatic system to regulate calcium levels.

Which of the following is NOT true of the skeletal system?

apocrine

Which of the following is a type of secretion in which some cytoplasm is lost with the product?

hamstring group

Which of the following is an appendicular muscle group rather than an axial muscle group ?

hip

Which of the following is an example of a ball-and-socket joint?

Organism, system, organ, tissue, cellular, molecular

Which of the following is arranged in correct order from the most complex to the simplest

ACh diffuses across synaptic cleft

Which of the following is the first step taken after an action potential arrives at the axon terminal?

mucous

Which of the following membranes line cavities that communicate with the exterior of the body?

tendon attachment that moves

Which of the following most aptly describes "muscle insertion"?

GOOD: spreading the fingers BAD: opening the mouth, turning the hand palm upward, extreme backward bending of the head, moving the hand toward the shoulder

Which of the following movements is a good example of abduction?

opening the mouth

Which of the following movements is a good example of depression?

ovary

Which of the following organs is NOT contained within the abdominal cavity

spleen

Which of the following organs is located between the peritoneum and the body wall?

5,2,4,1,6,3,7

Which of the following puts the steps of a muscle fiber contraction cycle in the correct order? 1. Myosin heads pivot 2. active sites exposed 3. myosin reactivates 4. Cross-bridge 5. Calcium ions arrive from SR 6. Cross-bridge detach 7. Cycle repeats while Ca2+ is high and ATP is available

1,3,2,4,5

Which of the following puts the steps of an action potential in the correct order? 1. Small increase in membrane permeability to Na+ 2. Membrane potential reaches +30 mV 3. Voltage-gated Na+ channels open 4. Repolarization continues to resting membrane potential 5. Membrane potential stabilizes

deep fascia

Which of the following refers to the dense connective tissue that surrounds a muscle and blends with the tendon?

TRUE: afford little mechanical protection, are characteristics of regions where secretion or absorption occurs, line internal compartments and passageways, are avascular FALSE: they cover surfaces subjected to mechanical or chemical stress

Which of the following statements about simple epithelial is FALSE?

TRUE: the contractions of skeletal muscles pull on tendons and move bones of the skeleton, skeletal muscles store nutrients reserves, skeletal muscles support the weight of some internal organs, skeletal muscle contractions help maintain body temperature. FALSE: skeletal muscles are responsible for the pumping action of the heart

Which of the following statements is incorrect?

TRUE: Most have both slow and fast fibers, slow fibers are abundant in the calf muscles, eye muscles are composed entirely of fast fibers, slow fibers are abundant in the back muscles. FALSE: fast fibers are high in myoglobin

Which of the following statements is/are NOT TRUE regarding human muscles?

Pericardial Sac

Which of the following structures is located within the mediastinum?

weakness of the sternocleidomastoid muscle

Which of the following symptoms would you associate with damage to the spinal accessory nerve?

Pedal

Which of the following terms refers to the foot?

Epithelial Tissue

Which of the following tissues covers and protects exposed surface areas of the body

TRUE: vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, rectus femoris FALSE: biceps femoris

Which of these muscles is NOT a member of the quadriceps femoris group?

ARE: releases chemicals that affect other organs or tissues, produces effects that last for days or longer, produces an effect that involves several organs or tissues at the same time, it is important in regulating organs and tissues NOT: It produces a more rapid response than the nervous system

Which one of the following is NOT a characteristic of the endocrine system

Digestive

Which organ system transports nutrients, metabolic wastes, gases, and defense cells

sagittal

Which plane divides the body into right and left parts?

hyaline cartilage

Which type of connective tissue is found between the ribs and the sternum, or supporting the trachea?

plane/gliding

Which type of joint is found between the carpal bones?

neural

Which type of tissue conducts electrical impulses

muscle

Which type of tissue contracts to produce movements

`epithelial

Which type of tissue covers exposed surfaces of the body?

connective

Which type of tissue fills internal spaces of the body?

smell his food

You suspect your friend has damage to cranial nerve I when he is unable to______________________

protract

You________________your jaw when you grasp your upper lip with your lower teeth.

adipose; loose

_______________ connective tissue is a type of __________________ connective tissue

endocrine glands

________________ secrete hormones and prohormones in the intestinal fluid, which later enters blood.

tendons; ligaments

_________________ attach skeletal muscles to bones, and _____________________ connect one bone to another.

stratified squamous

__________________ epithelium is found lining the anus and vagina

Ventricles

____________________ are chambers within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid.

bipolar

_____________________ neurons are short, with a cell body between dendrite and axon, and occur in special sense organs.

multipolar

______________________ neurons are the mot common class in the CNS.

propriceptors

___________________________ monitor the position of skeletal muscles and joints.

closed or simple

_____________________fractures are completely internal; they do not break through the skin.

Epithelial and connective

___________________tissues combine to from body membranes that cover and protect other structures and tissues in the body.

osteogenic cells

_________________are stem cells that develop into osteoblasts.

spongy

________________bone reduces the weight of the skeleton and reduces the load on muscles.

articular cartilage

_______________prevents damaging bone-to-bone contact within movable joints.

Histology

______________is the study of tissue structures

osteoclasts

____________free calcium from bone to maintain blood calcium levels.

structure; function

anatomy is to_________ as physiology is to _____________

digestive

gas exchange is to the respiratory system as absorption of nutrients is to what system

bone

osseous tissue is also called ______________________

increases gastric motility

parasympathetic stimulation_____________________________

peritoneum

serous membrane of the abdominal cavity

lateral sulcus

superior border of temporal lobe is marked by the_____________________________.

Homeostasis

tendency for physiological systems to stabilize internal conditions is called____________________________

parasympathetic nervous system

the division of the autonomic nervous system that calms the body, conserving its energy.

highly vascular

unlike cartilage, bone _________________

negative feedback

when body temperature rises, a center i the brain initiates physiological changes to decrease the body temperature. This is an example of____________________

hallucis

which of the following terms is used to describe the location of a muscle_______________________________

skeletal

which organ system provides support, protect tissues, stores minerals, and forms blood

Respiratory

which organ system removes carbon dioxide from the bloodstream