Honors English 9: Semester 2 Exam
Where should you include transitional words and phrases?
Beginning and end of paragraphs, going between topics, between sentences when needed
H. G. Well's nationality
Born in Bromley, England
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's nationality
Born in Scotland, died in the UK
Other than using an author's full name, how should you refer to him or her?
By their last name
Noun clause
Can be used anyway a noun can; introduced by relative pronouns
Fire
Can't be controlled in this time period
Dependent clause
Cannot stand alone and doesn't make sense alone
Appositive issues
Case must match renamed noun, no comma before a restrictive appositive
Dynamic character
Changes throughout the book
What is the advantage of using sources from an academic database?
Citations are already there; it's reliable information
Dystopia
"Not-good society"; society that is not desirable
Parenthetical citation
("first word of bib card" pg number)
Be able to correctly formulate a signal phrase and parenthetical citation using the sources given
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Compose sentences with specific clause requirements
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Correct punctuation errors in clauses/sentences
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Five ways a writer might plagiarize
1. Copying exactly 3+ words without using quotation marks 2. Changing one or two words from a quote by inserting synonyms 3. Copying exactly 3+ words without identifying the source 4. Using a paraphrased idea without quoting the source 5. Using statistics without quoting a source
Prepositional phrase issues
1. Punctuation (series vs string) 2. Placement 3. Objective case for OP
8 characteristics of Gothic literature (give examples from Hound of the Baskervilles)
1. Really big old building (Baskerville Hall) 2. Legend that goes along with the building (the hound) 3. Mystery (who killed Sir Charles?) 4. Damsel in distress (Sir Henry in some ways; he's in over his head) 5. Domineering man (Stapleton, Hugo) 6. Bad weather (fog, the boggy area of England) 7. Weird sounds (hound howling, creaking house, sobbing and screams) 8. Supernatural element (the glowing hound)
Signal phrase
A phrase, clause, or sentence that introduces a quotation, paraphrase, or summary
Fable
A short story that typically includes animals as characters and states a moral
Frame story
A story within a story
Inciting moment of Animal Farm
Attacking the humans/revolution
Foreshadowing
Author hints to what will happen
Elliptical phrases
Clause with implied words; could be the subject, verb, or any word
Rising action
Complicates the plot
Coordinating conjunctions
Connect words, phrases, and clauses; FANBOYS: for and nor but or yet so
White Sphynx
Could be a religious symbol, a sign of wisdom and knowledge to the ancients; the TT investigates inside and finds out that the people are good at building
Inciting moment
Creates the conflict
Inciting moment of Hound
Deaths of people in the past by the hound (flashback, happens chronologically before the book starts)
Subordinate clause
Dependent clause; cannot stand alone
Foil
Destroyed plan; contrasting character
Primary source
Document or object written or created in the time period in which the event happened (like Anne Frank's diary)
Singular indefinite pronouns
Each, either, neither, one, someone, somebody, anyone, anybody, no one, nobody, everyone, everybody
Orwell's nationality
English
Science fiction
Fiction that contains scientific details
Hugo Baskerville
First man killed by the hound
Who wrote Animal Farm?
George Orwell
Clause
Group of words including at least a subject and verb, can include complements and modifiers
Who wrote The Time Machine?
H.G. Wells
Tone
How the author talks
Atmosphere
How the characters talk
Adverb questions
How, when, where, why, how often, under what condition, to what extent
Conflict of Animal Farm
Humans vs animals at first; then turns to the pigs vs the other animals
First person
I, me, mine, myself, we, us, ours, ourselves
Nominative case personal pronouns
I, you, he, she, it, we, they, who
Know how to diagram phrases
Idk how she's putting this on the test bc it's Scantron but whatever
Secondary source
Interprets or analyzes a primary source or event (a magazine article about the Holocaust)
Relative pronouns
Introduce adjective clauses; that, what, whatever, which, whichever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose
Subordinating conjunctions
Introduce adverb clauses; after, although, as, as if, as though, as long as, s soon as, because, before, if, in order that, since, so that, than, though, unless, until, when, whenever, where, wherever, while
Exposition
Introduces characters and setting
Old Major
Lenin/Marx
Denouement
Like the resolution, helps to resolve the conflict
Restrictive clause
Limit the noun being described, not punctuated
Laura Lyons
Local young woman abandoned by her husband, looks to Holmes and Watson for help
Antagonist
Main bad guy
Anti-hero
Main character who the reader doesn't like
Sherlock Holmes
Main character, detective, extremely smart & trustworthy
Protagonist
Main character, usually good
Characterization
Methods the author uses to develop the character
Possessive case personal pronouns
Mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, and theirs
Infinitive issues
Missing to, split infinitive
Orwell's job
Novelist, essayist, journalist, critic
Non-restrictive clause
Offer additional information but do not limit the noun described; need punctuation (set off by commas)
Simple sentence
One independent clause
Complex sentence
One independent clause, one or more dependent clause
Gerund issues
Possessive before the gerund
Prepositional phrase
Preposition + object of the prep; used as a modifier (adj or adv)
What tense should be used in reference to the fine arts?
Present
Dropped quote (be able to correct one too)
Sentence is completely someone else's words; none of your words are included
Mrs. Barrymore
Servant at Baskerville Hall; seems suspicious but is only helping her convict brother, not anyone with the hound mystery
How should titles be punctuated?
Short stories: quotations marks Books: underlined in writing, italicized in typing
Conflict of Hound
The "dog" (eventually Stapleton) is killing people
What do the TT's experiences suggest that will happen to the upper class?
They would become lazy and stupid
What do the TT's experiences suggest that will happen to the lower class?
They would eventually overthrow the upper class
Anti-climax
Things aren't resolved at the end of the story
What point of view should be used in academic writing?
Third person
Where does the thesis sentence appear in a three or five paragraph essay?
Three: first sentence of first paragraph Five: last sentence of first paragraph
Correlative conjunctions
Used in pairs; both/and, either/or, neither/nor, not only/but also
Participle (phrase)
Verb + ing or ed; used as an adjective
Gerund (phrase)
Verb + ing; used as a noun
Gerund
Verb plus -ing; functions as a noun
Round character
Well developed; reader knows a lot about the character
Adjective questions
What kind, which one, how many, how much, whose
Climax of Animal Farm
When Boxer dies; the readers mind begins to realize something must be done
Setting
When and where
When should you use an author's full name?
When mentioning them for the first time in a paper or in works cited
Determine who vs whom
Who: subject (he) Whom: object (him)
How should the paper end?
With a restatement of the thesis sentence and a gathered idea/restatement of the idea of the whole paper
Diction
Word choice
Boxer
Working class
What are the purposes of a concluding paragraph?
Wrap up idea of whole paper into one paragraph, collect thoughts
H. G. Well's job
Writer
Dialect
Writing the way that people talk
What is the pitfall of using sources from the Internet?
You must create the citation; it may not be reliable information
Victorian Era background
You should know this lol research paper!!
Russian Revolution background
You should know this lol world history!!
How are evolution and entropy important to The Time Machine?
Evolution says that society tends to improve in ideas over time, entropy says that society decreases; both are seen in the Time Machine in the future and clues of what's happened up to that point
What are the purposes of an introductory paragraph?
Expose the topic briefly
Third person limited
He, she, it, etc; narrator does not know the entire big picture
Third person omniscient
He, she, it, etc; narrator knows everything going on
What evidences are there that the TT's story is true?
His injuries are fresh, but have had time to heal some; grass and dirt on machine; fatigue; wanted meat (hadn't had any in the future); machine's positioning
Resolution of Hound
Holmes figures out that the hound was covered in phosphorus and shoots it; Stapleton disappears
Dr. Watson
Holmes's assistant; extremely unreliable narrator
Flashback
A character tells a story that happened in the past
Independent clause
A clause that can stand alone and makes sense by itself
What are some effective hooks?
Anecdotes, startling statistic, question
Resolution of Animal Farm
Anti climax
Red herring
Makes you think of a different solution than is correct (like Dr Watson's theories)
Deductive reasoning
Making predictions and inferences based on what you know
Conflict (man vs _____)
Man/society, himself, God, nature, technology
Objective case personal pronouns
Me, you, him, her, it, us, them, whom
Adverb clause
Modify verbs or modifiers, answer adverb questions, mostly begin with a subordinating conjunction
Palace of Green Porcelain
Museum that slopes downward, showing the de-evolution of society; being smart can lead to being lazy
Reflexive/intensive pronouns
Myself, himself, herself, themselves, ourself, yourself, yourselves (self words)
Unreliable narrator
Narrator who you can't trust; tells reader the wrong things
Comedy
No one dies, happily ever after, puns, fun, disguises, jester
Flat character
Not many details are given about them
Appositive (phrase)
Noun + modifiers; renames a noun
Functions of clauses
Noun, adjective, adverb
How must subpoints of an outline be structured?
Parallel; you can't have a 1 without a 2 or an A without a B
What does parallel mean?
Parts of speech match up with each other within an outline or a sentence
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's job
Physician/doctor
Participle issues
Placement and dangling
Plot
Plan, scheme, or main story of a literary or dramatic work
Final moment of suspense
Reader doesn't know how the conflict will resolve; doubts the outcome
Allusion
Refers to other history or literature outside of that book
Morlocks
Represented the lower class; became extremely strong and unified
Eloi
Represented the upper class; became stupid from not working
Falling action
Resolves the conflict
Squealer
Russian media
Dogs
Russian military
Mollie
Russian nobility
Tragedy
Significant death, puns, physical humor, holiness
What is the difference between a simple thesis and a divided thesis?
Simple: states the paper's topic Divided: states main points in order
Who wrote Hound of the Baskervilles?
Sir Arthur Conan Doyle
Henry Baskerville
Sir Charles's nephew; "small, alert, dark eyed man of about 30 years old"
Climax of Hound
Sir Henry is attacked by the dog
What to not include in academic writing
Slang, contractions, fragments, first person, past tense
Variable indefinite pronouns
Some, any, most, all, none
Symbol
Something that represents something else
Napoleon
Stalin
The hound
Stapleton's dog who scared Sir Charles to death, literally
Theme
Stated in a sentence, this is the message suggested by a work
Static character
Stays the same throughout the book
Functions of a noun/noun equivalent
Subject, DO, PN, OP, OC, IO, RO
Elements of a clause
Subject, verb, and any complements or modifiers
How is fire important to The Time Machine?
The TT uses fire irrationally, starting a forest fire. This shows that this kind of society has devolved to the point of not even being able to control fire.
Stapleton
The eventual villain and antagonist; seems calm at first
Irony
The unexpected
How is a three paragraph essay different from a five paragraph essay?
Three paragraph: introduction is attached to first point and conclusion is attached to last point Five paragraph: introduction and conclusion get their own paragraphs at the very beginning and end
Infinitive (phrase)
To + verb; used as a noun, adj, or adv
Prediction
To declare or tell in advance; you should be making them as you read
Infinitive
To plus a verb; functions as noun, adj, or adv
What is the TT's purpose in building the machine?
To travel in time
Snowball
Trotsky
Climax
Turning point; plot starts to resolve instead of complicate
Compound sentence
Two or more independent clauses
Compound-complex sentence
Two or more independent clauses, one or more dependent clauses
Adjective clause
Typically modify the noun equivalent right before it; almost always introduced by a relative pronoun
Satire
Use of humor and irony to expose and criticize others; making fun of people through a story