HRM 300 Ch 10 questions

All of the following are steps in the decision making process EXCEPT: defining problem identifying criteria for a solution implementing the solution selecting the best alternative All of these are steps.

All of these are steps.

Which of the following is a symptom of groupthink? Vulnerability Both morality and pressure Pressure Rationality Morality

Both morality and pressure

_________ is the process in which a large number of ideas are generated while evaluation of the ideas is suspended. Group evaluation Groupthink Group rationalizing Groupstorming Brainstorming

Brainstorming

________ biases represent mental shortcuts. Intuition Maximum Perception Cognitive Reference

Cognitive

________ are affective states disconnected from any particular event or stimulus. Regrets None of the choices is correct Moods Attitudes Emotions

Moods

_______ is(are) an aversive emotion. Risk Regret Confidence Anger Both regret and anger

Regret

_____ exists when the outcome of a chosen course of action is not certain. Groupthink Intuition Risk Propensity Brainstorming

Risk

______ decisions are also referred to as boundedly rational decisions. Satisficing Fixed Cognitive Perceptual Minimizing

Satisficing

An example of a strategic decision would be adding or deleting products and services. True False

True

Decisions made at all levels of the organization can impact organizational performance. True False

True

Individuals in positive moods seem to neglect the details of decision situations. True False

True

When choosing between less and more risky options, an individual's risk-taking propensity, or willingness to take chances, often plays a role. True False

True

Two researchers, ______ point out that the correct level of involvement of associates in the decision making process depends on the nature of the decision problem itself. Vroom, Bem Vroom, House Fiedler, Yetton Fiedler, House Vroom, Yetton

Vroom, Yetton

The ________ model offers advice as to the level of involvement of associates in the decision making process. Fiedler Ross House Vroom-Yetton Mason

Vroom-Yetton

One advantage to group decision making is None of the choices is correct. always a rational outcome. a better quality decision. always a reliable outcome. always an irrational outcome.

a better quality decision

Brainstorming is a technique to alleviate groupthink. None of the choices is correct. rarely used. an unreliable method. a complex technique.

a technique to alleviate groupthink

The _____ is a group decision-making technique that relies on a critique of a recommended action and its underlying assumptions None of the choices is correct delphi advocacy rational advocacy nominal advocacy devil's advocacy

devil's advocacy

The Vroom Yetton method requires the managers first to brainstorm. use his/her intuition. gather information. diagnose the problem situation. gather together his/her associates.

diagnose the problem situation

The _________ inquiry is a group decision-making technique that relies on debate between two subgroups that have developed different recommendations based on different assumptions advocacy dialectical boundary delphi nominal

dialectical

All of the following are symptoms of groupthink EXCEPT morality. stereotypes. rationalization. pressure. disagreement.

disagreement

Decision makers who use the _______ style dislike details and the time required to sort and interpret them. intuition sensing None of the choices is correct emotional thinking

intuition

All of the following are symptoms of Groupthink EXCEPT self-censorship. unanimity. invulnerability. irrationality. morality.

irrationality

Cognitive biases represent mental shortcuts. rational decisions. EI. EQ. always irrational decisions.

mental shortcuts

Risky shift phenomenon of group decision making implies that group members collectively make a __________ than most or all of the individuals would have made working alone. more risky choice less risky choice more rational choice less rational choice

more risky choice

In the ______ technique for group decision making, discussion is structured and the final solution is decided by silent vote. brain-writing electronic brainstorming group think nominal group rational group

nominal group

The ______ technique for group decision making in which discussion is structured and the final solution is decided by silent vote. nominal group rational group brain-writing groupthink electronic brainstorming

nominal group

The intuition decision making style might be more appropriate for jobs where _________ decisions and a need for creativity are common. novel abstract innovative None of the choices is correct unusual

novel

Devil's advocacy requires an individual or subgroup to generate _________ set(s) of assumptions and a single recommendation. three four one two five

one

Individuals who use a sensing style to gather information do all of the following, EXCEPT believes in experience. perceive information in large chunks. focuses on rules and regulations. develop a factual database. fact checks.

perceive information in large chunks

One type of cognitive bias, anchoring bias, involves relying too much on information that is easy to recall when making a decision. True False

False

_________ take more time to reach decisions than do Groups; individuals. Children; adults. Individual; groups. Managers; employees. Adults; children.

Groups; individuals

All of the following are symptoms associated with groupthink EXCEPT morality. pressure. unanimity. vulnerability.

vulnerability

All of the following are symptoms of groupthink EXCEPT pressure. rationalization. self-censorship. mindguards. vulnerability.

vulnerability

The ________ technique is a highly structured decision making process in which participants are surveyed regarding their opinions or best judgments. Anchoring Rational Delphi Nominal Greco

Delphi

___________ results from a situation in which group members engage in unproductive negative conflict over differing views. Diversity-based fighting Common information bias Risky shift Groupthink Group polarization

Diversity-based fighting

___________ is likely to occur when individuals feel very strongly about their ideas and no mechanisms to channel disagreement in productive ways have been instituted. Diversity-based infighting Groupthink Brainstorming The risky shift Rational-based infighting

Diversity-based infighting

All of the following are decision-making styles EXCEPT sensing. intuition. thinking. absorbing.

absorbing

Individuals in positive moods consider a broader range of ideas. are less conservative. neglect the details of decision situations. all of the choices are correct. may lead to more creativity.

all of the choices are correct.

All of the following are associated with the feeling approach to making a judgment, EXCEPT personal. harmony. sympathetic. analytical. emotional.

analytical

With the ______ bias decision makers put too much emphasis on the ______ piece of information they encounter about a situation. confirmation; last None of the choices is correct anchoring; first confirmation; first anchoring; last

anchoring; first

A technique in overcoming the problems of standard group brainstorming is electronic brainstorming. groupthink. groupstorming. brain-writing. both brain-writing and electronic brainstorming.

both brain-writing and electronic brainstorming

Even though ________ is not consistently improved by group decision making, ________ is. quality; individual commitment quantity; quality quality; individual satisfaction both individual satisfaction and quality; individual commitment quality; quantity

both individual satisfaction and quality; individual commitment

People who prefer the sensing style of gathering information see themselves as realistic. practical. both practical and realistic. unrealistic. impractical.

both practical and realistic.

A technique in overcoming the problems of standard group brainstorming is brain-evaluating. groupthink. groupstorming. brain-writing. group evaluation.

brain-writing

All of the following are pitfalls in group decision-making EXCEPT brainstorming. groupthink. risky shift. diversity-based infighting. common information bias.

brainstorming

Decisions are choices. mediums. cognitive factors. motivators. perceptive factors.

choices

The Vroom-Yetton framework seems to predict the success of generals in the french Revolution. civil War. None of the choices is correct. mexican Revolution. revolutionary War.

civil War

Decision making is a _____ activity. None of the choices is correct fixed minimizing satisficing cognitive

cognitive

Mental shortcuts involving simplified ways of thinking are known as confirmation biases. cognitive biases. anchoring biases. ease of recall biases.

cognitive biases

Satisfactory rather than optimal decisions are: rare common always unreliable always irrational always rational

common

The _______ bias leads groups to unconsciously neglect information held by one or a few group members while focusing on more commonly held information in the group. common information anchoring availability representativeness None of the choices is correct

common information

The _______ bias is particularly important because it often has strong effects on the type of information gathered. reference maximum confirmation perception intuition

confirmation

An associate who relies on _______ gathered directly by the five senses is said to use a sensing style. cognitions intuitions facts perceptions emotions

facts

People who prefer to rely on their emotions and subjective judgments are said to use a(n) _______ style. intuition feeling None of the choices is correct sensing thinking

feeling

People who use the _______ style emphasize the maintenance of harmony in the workplace. feeling thinking intuition sensing None of the choices is correct

feeling

The nominal group technique calls for _____ procedural rules. two four five three nine

four

The Bay of Pigs in 1960 can be attributable to the representativeness bias. groupthink. the perceptual bias. the fundamental attribution bias. the anchoring bias.

groupthink

The decision to launch the Challenger Space Shuttle in 1986 can be attributed to the anchoring bias. the nominal information bias. None of the choices is correct. brainstorming. groupthink.

groupthink

The lack of preparation for an attack on Pearl Harbor can be attributable to the representativeness bias. groupthink. the perceptual bias. the fundamental attribution bias. the anchoring bias.

groupthink

When group members seek consensus at the expense of identifying and earnestly debating honest disagreements, this is referred to as common information bias. risky shift. brainstorming. groupthink. None of the choices is correct

groupthink.

Groupthink does not guarantee a(n) _______ decision, but simply increases the likelihood of such a result. poor mixed unreliable good rational

poor

A ________ point can be a goal, a minimum acceptable level of performance that is used to judge one's current standing. perceptual reference minimum beacon maximum

reference

In choosing between less and more risky options, an individual's _____ often plays a role. risk taking propensity background both physical features and cognitive ability physical features cognitive ability

risk taking propensity

The ________ is a process by which group members collectively make a more risky choice than most or all of the individuals would have made working alone. risky shift irrational shift None of the choices is correct rational shift unreliable shift

risky shift

The sensing decision making style might be more appropriate for jobs where _________ decisions are typical. creative novel routine None of the choices is correct abstract

routine

Vroom and Yetton suggest that managers can determine the best strategy for associate participation by asking _____ questions. two four six three seven

seven

The Vroom Yetton method involves _______________ of involvement. several levels unreliable levels one level two levels mixed levels

several levels

All of the following are associated with the thinking approach to making a judgment, EXCEPT objective. subjective. impersonal. systematic. rational.

subjective

The _____ bias causes decision makers to emphasize past investments of time and money when deciding whether to continue with a chosen course of action. perceptual sunk-cost reference confirmation anchoring

sunk-cost

You have just started a new business. You took a loan of $75,000 from a bank. Unfortunately, your business venture has turned out to be a failure. You believe that you can recover the $75,000 you invested in this business if you could invest another $50,000 into it. Your logic is influenced by the ease of recall bias. confirmation bias. anchoring bias. sunk-cost bias.

sunk-cost bias

Vroom and Yetton point out that the correct level of involvement of associates in the decision making process depends on their EQ. their EI. their cognitive ability. the nature of the decision problem itself. their perceptual ability.

the nature of the decision problem itself

All of the following are decision making biases EXCEPT the sunk-cost bias. the anchoring bias. the confirmation bias. the ease of recall bias. the rational bias.

the rational bias

People tend to make satisfactory decisions rather than optimal (i.e. maximizing decisions) because they do not have the capability to collect and process all the information relevant for a particular decision. very smart people make only optimal decisions. they often display a tendency to choose the first satisfactory alternative discovered. all of the choices are correct. they do not have the capability to collect and process all the information relevant for a particular decision and they often display a tendency to choose the first satisfactory alternative discovered.

they do not have the capability to collect and process all the information relevant for a particular decision and they often display a tendency to choose the first satisfactory alternative discovered.

Managers who use an impersonal rational approach to arrive at their judgments are said to prefer a(n) __________ style. intuition None of the choices is correct sensing emotional thinking

thinking

Although group decision making can produce positive outcomes, the social nature of group decisions sometimes leads to _______ results. unreliable mixed None of the choices is correct positive undesired

undesired