HS 205

Socioeconomic Health Disparities

'Wealth equals health' is not simply a cliché.Americans with lower incomes and educational levels report higher rates of disease, disability, and poor health compared to Americans of higher socioeconomic status. • Lower household income is directly related to an increased risk for chronic conditions in children. • The risk for obesity is significantly greater among people with lower income and education, subsequently increasing the risk for diabetes and heart disease. • Chronic diseases can actually cause people to fall into poverty when their ability to earn money is compromised by illness.

The categories of social determinants of health, and examples of them

*Economic Stability -Poverty -Employment -Food Security -Housing Stability *Education -High School Graduation -Enrollment in Higher Education -Language and Literacy -Early Childhood Education and Development *Social and Community Context -Social Cohesion -Civic Participation -Discrimination -Incarceration *Health and Health Care -Access to Health Care -Access to Primary Care -Health Literacy Neighborhood and Built Environment -Access to Healthy Foods -Quality of Housing -Crime and Violence -Environmental Conditions

Ways to support Health Equity

-End discrimination in institutions -Create fair policies -Free preschool-- Teach social skills

Why is public health considered to be controversial by some?

-It may challenge people's views. -It may ask people to give up a degree of personal liberty for the common good. -Public health interventions often have an economic impact. -Public health interventions may arouse religious or moral objections.

These are examples of social determinants

-exposure to violence -transportation options -literacy level

The powers and responsibilities of government

... The federal gov- Makes policies tat have to be enforced by the state gov and the state gov makes programs that support these policies on a city level

The categories of determinants of health, and examples of them

...Peter Sucks Huge Incredible Boners Policy making -Increasing tax on cigs Social Factors -Transportation Health Services -Access to screening for diseases Individual Behavior -Deciding to watch TV/ EAT poorly Biology Genetics -Diseases

The three core functions of public health

1. Assessment 2. Policy Development 3. Assurance

The 3 Core Functions of PH

1. Assessment 2. Policy Development 3. assurance

Public health's approach to health problems in a community has been described as a five-step process WHICH ARE

1. Define the health problem. 2. Identify the risk factors associated with the problem. 3. Develop and test community-level interventions to control or prevent the cause of the problem. 4. Implement interventions to improve the health of the population. 5. Monitor those interventions to assess their effectiveness

10 Essential PH Services

1.Monitor health status to identify community health problems. 2.Diagnose and investigate health problems and health hazards in the community. 3.Inform, educate, and empower people about health issues. 4.Mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems. 5.Develop policies and plans that support individual and community health efforts. 6.Enforce laws and regulations that protect health and ensure safety. 7.Link people to needed personal health services and assure the provision of health care when otherwise unavailable. 8.Assure a competent public health and personal health care workforce. 9.Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services. 10.Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems.

Information pertaining to order of the references list can be located on page_____.

181-183

health

A dynamic state of complete physical, mental, spiritual and social well-being

privilege

A special advantage that a person is born into or acquires during their life time

Oppression

A system or pattern of inequality that gives power and privileges to one group of people at the expense of the other group of people

If you can verify information found in one source by finding the same information in another source, this helps to support:

Accuracy

the public health system

All public, private, and voluntary entities that contribute to the delivery of essential public health services within a jurisdiction." This concept ensures that all entities' contributions to the health and well-being of the community or state are recognized in assessing the provision of public health services. The public health system includes: -Public health agencies at state and local levels -Healthcare providers -Public safety agencies -Human service and charity organizations -Education and youth development organizations -Recreation and arts-related organizations -Economic and philanthropic organizations -Environmental agencies and organizations

The reference list should list the authors in ____________ order.

Alphabetical

Which is the correct format for this journal title?

American Journal of Public Health (but in italics)

-Racial or Ethnic Health Disparities

Americans of diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds experience higher rates of a variety of diseases and health conditions compared to Caucasian Americans. • Twice as many African-Americans,American Indian,and Alaskan Native babies die before one year of age compared to Caucasian Americans. • The death rate from HIV/AIDS among African-Americans is more than seven times that for Caucasian-Americans. • Vietnamese-American women have a cervical cancer rate nearly five times the rate for Caucasian-Americans.

Public Health

And art and science of protecting and promoting the health of the public

If an author provides some evidence of them being knowledgeable in particular field, such as listing their degree or past publications, this can help support their:

Authority

It is important to look at the website's URL to see if it reveals anything about the author or source. Specifically, it can tell us about the source's

Authority

Jim Taylor

CEO -Stress levels higher -Rich

unavoidable health difference

Caused by biology or genetics

health inequities

Caused by social, economic, or environmental conditions that are unequal -We can prevent these -Differences that are avoidable, unfair, and unjust

When searching library databases and there are too many search results on a topic, it helps to:

Consider using the Subject Heading for a database for a more precise search

When referencing a newspaper article with discontinuous pages, you should____________.

CorrectD. List all the page numbers and separate the numbers with a comma.

Public health's approach to health problems in a community has been described as a five-step process. Which of the following is NOT one of the steps?

Determine which individuals will likely not respond positively to interventions.

Which is the correct format for this article title?

Diabetes-related mortality among American Indians and Alaska Natives, 1990-2009

Which of the following statements is NOT true about epidemiology?

Epidemiology is only helpful when seeking to understand new diseases or outbreaks.

A website related to a health issue can only be created by a researcher or scholar in the field.

False

3. If a disparity is a health inequity, it stems from an unavoidable cause. True False

False -It's avoidable!!! Unavoidable differences are age, biology, genetics -Things we can avoid cause the unfair advantages *Disparity=Difference, not good or bad or fair or unfair just different. -Some can be avoided some cant be avoided -Going on unavoidable things like age and genetics we cant avoid -If there is something avoidable about the difference we can avoid it and that makes it an inequity=unequal and unfair *Inequity is a type of disparity

1. If a person does not have access to health care, s/he may have a health disparity. True False

False -One person can never have a health disparity( disparity compares one group of people to another group of people) -If she has said a group of people in a neighborhood has a health disparity it would also be false because she only said one group! It has to compare one group to another group

Which of the following is NOT considered an example of a social determinant of health?

Genetics

Why is PH controversial

George Bush? Challenges your views -A lot of people think they should be able to do what they want when it comes to their own health ex: I don't wanna wear a seatbelt

health disparities

Health disparities are differences in health status between people that are related to social or demographic factors such as race, gender, income or geographic region. In general, health disparities are driven by a combination of social factors.Inequity in health and healthcare can take many different forms

Which of the following is NOT true about peer-reviewed articles and journals?

If a particular journal is peer-reviewed, it means that all articles in it, such as editorials, letters to the editor, and book reviews, have gone through the peer-review process.

The importance of empathy in public health practice

If you cant experience empathy when dealing with clients who have been through a rough time or something its very f

Corey Anderson

Janitor

Which of the following is NOT a category of the social determinants of health?

Language and culture

Implementing a comprehensive sex education program which includes information on transmission, possible signs/symptoms, prevention, and communication skills.

Level: Primary Defend your answer: Stopping the problem before it even starts

Offering free, confidential urine tests to check for chlamydia and gonorrhea

Level: Secondary Defend your answer: -Detection/screening/testing

Dispensing antibiotics to students who test positive for an STI

Level: Tertiary Defend your answer: -Containing the problem and treating the problem

What is the quickest way to confirm that a journal is peer-reviewed?

Look up the journal title in UlrichsWeb Global Serials Directory

Which statement best sums up the difference between medical care and public health?

Medical care focuses on healing patients who are ill, while public health focuses on preventing illness.

health equity

Opportunity to attain their full health potential

Which information is italicized in journal articles?

Periodical/journal title and issue number

Prejudice VS. Discrimination

Prejudice -Don't act on it -Opinion kept on the inside Discrimination -Act on it -Illegal

Which U.S. president misused and distorted scientific evidence to pretend that its policies were based on science when they really were not, according to a nonprofit advocacy group?

President George W. Bush

How can we best summarize the difference between primary and secondary prevention?

Primary prevention focuses on reducing exposure to risk factors, while secondary prevention focuses on early detection and prompt response to symptoms.

Water Equality in Sanders

Problem: Had uranium in water

Flint

Problem: Water contaminated with lead

Knowing the reason for the information to exist in a source is instrumental in determining if the information is objective or biased. This relates to which criterion?

Purpose

social determinants of health

Social determinants of health reflect the social factors and physical conditions of the environment in which people are born, live, learn, play, work, and age. Also known as social and physical determinants of health, they impact a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes. Examples of social determinants include: Availability of resources to meet daily needs, such as educational and job opportunities, living wages, or healthful foods Social norms and attitudes, such as discrimination Exposure to crime, violence, and social disorder, such as the presence of trash Social support and social interactions Exposure to mass media and emerging technologies, such as the Internet or cell phones Socioeconomic conditions, such as concentrated poverty Quality schools Transportation options Public safety Residential segregation

Which statement is true about standards for safe drinking water?

The Safe Water Drinking Act requires the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to set standards for local drinking water, and requires states to enforce the standards.

Who writes and releases "Healthy People" every decade?

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

Power

The ability to get what you want

empathy

The ability to understand and share another's situation or feelings

public health

The art and science of promoting and protecting the health of the public

determinants of health

The range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health status are known as determinants of health. Determinants of health fall under several broad categories: Policymaking Social factors Health services Individual behavior Biology and genetics

Which of the following is NOT a way students can seek support from librarians at Cline Library?

They can ask a librarian to meet them in the HLC after HS 205.

A bias could be political, ideological, religious, or personal in nature.

True

Socioeconomic (SES) status has a significant influence on health.

True

Systemic prejudices against ethnic minorities in the United States create additional barriers in health care that exist regardless of class. (In other words, racism can negatively impact the health of people of color, even if their income puts them in the middle or upper class.)

True

The LibGuide includes resources that can help you with citations.

True

The early history of U.S. public health was closely tied to social reform movements, such as campaigns for safe housing and trade unions.

True

The purpose of the 10 Essential Public Health Services is to provide guidance as to what all communities should be doing to provide effective public health services.

True

When referencing a newspaper article, if no author is given, use the title of the article to determine where to place it in alphabetical order.

True

When referencing a source in APA style, nothing is underlined, and nothing is put in bold font.

True

2. A health disparity that is traced to unequal social and/or economic factors is called a health inequity. True False

True -A health inequity is a health disparity

4. A health disparity is a comparison between two groups of people. True False

True In regards to a health topic

Mary Turner

Unemployed

Who wrote Healthy People 2020

United States Department of Health and Human Services

Rural Health Disparities

Where you live when you are poor also determines your health status; yet little attention has been paid to the health risks associated with living in rural America. • RuralAmericans are more likely to have chronic illnesses,such as high blood pressure, heart disease,and diabetes. • While gun fatalities from homicide are higher in urban areas,suicides caused by gun fatalities are disproportionately higher in rural areas. • Many rural Americans lack access to treatment because appropriate transportation is either unavailable, too costly or healthcare facilities are too far from home.

Gender Health Disparities

Women may live longer than men, but they also tend to suffer more disease and disability during their lifetime. • Depression is twice as common among women compared to men,and is predicted to be a leading cause of disability by 2020. • Women are more likely to suffer from organic brain syndromes and dementias in old age compared to men. • Victims of intimate partner violence are five times more likely to be women than men.

Which of the following is NOT one of the four research steps?

consulting a librarian

Which term means,"the range of personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that influence health status"?

determinants of health

"Differences in health outcomes among groups of people" is the definition of which term?

health disparities

Dr. Robert Bullard, an expert scholar on environmental justice, says in the NPR story that environmental racism will be addressed by:

involving people who have historically been left out of environmental decision-making

Healthy People 2020

is a set of goals and objectives with 10-year targets designed to guide national health promotion and disease prevention efforts to improve the health of all people in the United States. Released by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services each decade, Healthy People reflects the idea that setting objectives and providing science-based benchmarks to track and monitor progress can motivate and focus action. Vision—A society in which all people live long, healthy lives

In Sanders, AZ, the water supply has been contaminated with uranium. This can lead to which health problems?

kidney disease and cancer

Achieving health equity requires all but which of the following:

mandating that all people adopt the same values regarding health

What is another commonly used term that means "peer reviewed" when describing journal articles?

refereed

Which component of a research article details the outcomes of the study, and may includes statistics, tables or graphs?

result