Human Bio 101 Quiz Questions 1

An atom with 13 electrons will have ________ electrons in the valence shell. a) 5 b) 2 c) 8 d) 3

3

The main function of the respiratory system is to ________. a) control body activities through hormones released into the blood b) supply the body with oxygen and remove carbon dioxide c) transport oxygen, nutrients, and wastes to and from body cells and tissues d) produce sperm and eggs e) break down food and deliver the products to the blood for dispersal

b

The pH scale is based on the number of ________ in solution. a) electrons b) protons c) neutrons d) hydrolysis

b

During a synthesis reaction, amino acids join to form ________. a) monomers b) carbohydrates c) proteins d) nucleic acids

c

Polar molecules, like water, result when electrons are shared ________. a) equally between atoms b) between ions c) unequally between atoms d) or transferred between atoms

c

The heart and the blood vessels are the primary organs of the ____ system. a) muscular b) lymphatic c) cardiovascular d) integumentary

c

Jerome plays football and broke a bone in the tarsal region. This region is in the _____. a) thigh b) groin c) wrist d) calf e) ankle

e

Milk production during breastfeeding is increased by the suckling of a newborn from his mother's nipple. This type of feedback mechanism best describes _____ a) positive feedback b) homeostatic imbalance c) an abnormal physiological mechanism d) negative feedback e) both negative and positive feedback

a

The ________ system rids the body of indigestible food residue in feces while the ________ system removes nitrogen-containing metabolic waste in urine. a) digestive; urinary b) cardiovascular; urinary c) urinary; digestive d) reproductive; digestive

a

The skeletal muscles that contract and shorten to move the bones form the ________ system. a) muscular b) endocrine c) skeletal d) reproductive

a

What component of amino acid structure varies among different amino acids? a) the components of the R group b) the presence of a central C atom c) the glycerol molecule that forms the backbone of the amino acid d) the long carbon-hydrogen tails of the molecule

a

What is the primary mechanism for maintaining homeostasis? a) negative feedback b) inherent control c) intrinsic control d) extrinsic control e) positive feedback

a

When are atoms most stable? a) when all of the electron orbitals in the valence shell are filled b) when they have the maximum number of unpaired electrons c) when they have the fewest possible valence electrons d) when all electrons are paired

a

Which of the following elements of a control system detects a change? a) receptor b) stimulus c) effector d) control center e) efferent pathway

a

Which of the following is NOT a subatomic particle associated with an atom? a) ion b) proton c) neutron d) electron

a

Which set of regions in the abdominopelvic cavity is medial? a) epigastric, umbilical, and hypogastric (pubic) regions b) umbilical, right lumbar, and left lumbar regions c) iliac (inguinal), lumbar, and hypogastric (pubic) regions d) right and left iliac (inguinal), and hypogastric (pubic) regions e) epigastric, right, and left hypochondriac regions

a

A tripeptide has ________. a) three amino acids and three peptide bonds b) three amino acids and two peptide bonds c) two amino acids and three peptide bonds d) four amino acids and three peptide bonds

b

About 25 of the 92 natural elements are known to be essential to life. Which 4 of these 25 elements make up approximately 96% of living matter? a) carbon, sodium, hydrogen, nitrogen b) carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen c) oxygen, hydrogen, calcium, nitrogen d) carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, hydrogen

b

The positive feedback loop involving luteinizing hormone and estrogen is terminated by ________. a) ovulation, which directly inhibits luteinizing hormone secretion b) ovulation, which decreases estrogen secretion c) birth d) pregnancy e) nothing; the cycle can not be terminated

b

The right and left iliac (inguinal) regions are lateral to the ________ region. a) left hypochondriac b) hypogastric (pubic) c) right lumbar d) right hypochondriac

b

When our body temperature rises above 37°C or 98°F, a negative feedback mechanism will be triggered to lower the body temperature. As a result, our sweat glands release sweat to cool the body temperature. What part of the negative feedback mechanism is the sweat gland? a) receptor b) effector c) stimulus d) control center

b

Which property of water explains its ability to prevent sudden changes in body temperature? a) cushioning b) high heat capacity c) chemical reactant d) polarity

b

Saturated Fats ____. a) contain many double bonds b) exit as liquids and are derived from plants c) exist as solids at room temperature d) have two fatty acid chains e) are formed from four interlocking carbon rings

c

The atomic number of sodium is 11 while the atomic mass number is 23. Which of the following is NOT true of an atom of sodium? a) 8 electrons in the valence shell of a neutral sodium atom b) 11 protons c) 11 neutrons d) 1 electron in the valence shell of a neutral sodium atom e) 11 electrons

c

The central region of the thoracic cavity containing the heart is called the ________. a) visceral cavity b) quadrant c) mediastinum d) pleural cavity

c

The net effect of the effector is to shut off the original _____, or reduce its intensity, during the negative feedback mechanism to restore homeostasis. a) control center b) receptor c) stimulus d) receptor

c

What organ system protects the body against pathogens and abnormal cells? a) nervous b) respiratory c) immune d) integumentary e) endocrine

c

When we imagine a person exhibiting anatomical position, the palms of the hands are assumed to be facing ____. a) down b) to the side c) forward d) behind

c

Which of the following activities represents a physiological study? a) making a section through the kidney to observe its interior b) examining the surface of a bone c) observing how the heart contracts to pump blood d) viewing muscle tissue through a microscope e) studying how the layers of the skin are organized

c

Which of the following correctly describes chemical equilibrium? a) Concentrations of products are higher than the concentrations of the reactants. b) Forward and reverse reactions continue with no net effect on the concentrations of the reactants and products. c) There are equal concentrations of products and reactants while forward and reverse reactions continue. d) There are equal concentrations of reactants and products, and the reactions have stopped.

c

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback? a) During childbirth, uterine contractions push the baby against the cervix. This pressure stimulates the release of a hormone, oxytocin, that triggers stronger uterine contractions. This cycle continues until the baby is born. b) When a person smells good food, his mouth waters due to the production of saliva. The saliva will help digest the food once it has been consumed. c) When a person stands up, blood pressure decreases due to blood pooling in the feet and legs. The heart and blood vessels respond in such a way as to bring blood pressure back toward normal. d) both A and C e) both B and C

c

Which of the following leads to an increase in the rate of a chemical reaction? a) few particles b) large particle size c) increased temperature d) decreased temperature e) lack of catalysts

c

_________ refers to all of the chemical reactions in the body. a) homeostasis b) irritability c) metabolism d) hematopoiesis

c

Which of the following statements about homeostasis is false? a) Illness can result if homeostasis is disrupted b) The organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis. c) The extracellular fluid is maintained in a state compatible for life. d) Homeostasis is the maintenance of the internal environment. e) The primary mechanism to maintain homeostasis is positive feedback.

e

Which of the following statements about homeostasis is true? a) The intracellular fluid makes up the majority of the body fluids. b) The organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis. c) The extracellular fluid is maintained in a state compatible for life. d) The primary mechanism to maintain homeostasis is negative feedback. e) all of the above

e

Isotopes have different numbers of ________; thus they also have different ________. a) neutrons; atomic masses b) electrons; atomic numbers c) protons; atomic masses d) protons; atomic numbers e) neutrons; atomic numbers

a

Changes in the external environment alter the ________, which is detected by the ________, and that information is sent to the integrator. a) set point : regulated variable b) sensor : regulated variable c) error signal : regulated variable d) regulated variable : sensor e) regulated variable : set point

d

Edna tore a ligament in the patellar region and anticipates having difficulty with her ____. a) elbow b) ankle c) wrist d) knee

d

Glycogen and starch are examples of a specific category of carbohydrates called ________. a) monosaccharides b) steroids c) triglycerides d) polysaccharides

d

Matter is best described as ________. a) the ability to do work b) having no mass c) the ability to put matter into motion d) anything that occupies space and has mass

d

Which of the following is NOT part of the internal environment? a) blood b) brain c) airways to the lungs d) heart e) neither A nor C

c

Which of the following is not a polymer? a) RNA b) DNA c) glucose d) starch

c

Molybdenum has an atomic number of 42. Several common isotopes exist, with mass numbers from 92-100. Which of the following can be true? a) Isotopes of molybdenum have different numbers of electrons. b) Molybdenum atoms can have between 50 and 58 protons. c) Molybdenum atoms can have between 50 and 58 electrons. d) Molybdenum atoms can have between 50 and 58 neutrons.

d

What makes lipids/fats hydrophobic? a) the glycerol moiety b) the carboxyl group at one end of the molecule c) their long carbon skeleton d) presence of relatively nonpolar C—H bonds

d

What organ system functions in communication between cells of the body? a) integumentary b) endocrine c) nervous d) Both A and C e) all of the above

d

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback? a) If the filtration rate of the kidneys increases, the kidneys release a chemical signal that decreases blood flow to the kidneys, which in turn reduces the filtration rate. b) If blood pressure increases above normal, baroreceptors in major arteries detect the change and send signals to the brain. Certain areas of the brain then send signals to the nerves that control the heart and blood vessels to make the heart beat slower and the blood vessels increase in diameter, which in turn reduces the blood pressure. c) Neither A nor B are intrinsic control systems d) Both A and B are intrinsic control systems.

d

Which of the following is an example of negative feedback? a) If the filtration rate of the kidneys increases, the kidneys release a chemical signal that decreases blood flow to the kidneys, which in turn reduces the filtration rate. b) If blood pressure increases above normal, baroreceptors in major arteries detect the change and send signals to the brain. Certain areas of the brain then send signals to the nerves that control the heart and blood vessels to make the heart beat slower and the blood vessels increase in diameter, which in turn reduces the blood pressure. c) Neither A nor B are intrinsic control systems. d) Both A and B are intrinsic control systems.

d

Which two organ systems include the pancreas? a) reproductive and urinary systems b) digestive and respiratory systems c) urinary and respiratory systems d) digestive and endocrine systems e) endocrine and respiratory systems

d