Human Bio- Chapter 13 hw questions

d

How do releasing hormones travel from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary gland?- a. They are secreted from the neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus directly into the posterior pituitary. The posterior pituitary then relays a releasing signal to the anterior pituitary. b. They are released into the bloodstream in the hypothalamus and travel to the posterior pituitary. The posterior pituitary then sends a chemical signal to the anterior pituitary and the appropriate hormones are released. c. They are secreted from the neurosecretory cells in the hypothalamus directly onto the endocrine cells in the anterior pituitary. d. They are released near blood vessels (a capillary bed) in the hypothalamus, travel a short distance, and diffuse out around the cells of the anterior pituitary.

e

The most accurate statement about LH is ________.- a. LH is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates sperm production b. LH is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates egg development c. LH is produced in the posterior pituitary and stimulates ovulation d. LH is produced in the posterior pituitary and stimulates testosterone production e. LH is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates both testosterone production and ovulation

d

When considering receptors for hormone molecules, we can say that, in general, ________.- a. receptors for both lipid-soluble and lipid-insoluble hormones are found in or on the cell membrane b. receptors for lipid-soluble hormones are on or in the cell membrane, whereas receptors for lipid-insoluble hormones are inside the cell c. receptors for both lipid-soluble and lipid-insoluble hormones are found within the cell and usually within the nucleus d. receptors for lipid-soluble hormones are inside the cell, whereas receptors for lipid-insoluble hormones are on or in the cell membrane e. receptors for both lipid-soluble and lipid-insoluble hormones are about equally distributed within the cell and as parts of the cell membrane

c

Which two endocrine glands exert the most control over blood calcium levels?- a. thyroid and ovaries b. anterior pituitary and adrenal cortex c. thyroid and parathyroid d. parathyroid and anterior pituitary e. adrenal cortex and thyroid

d

Which type of hormone is most likely to react with and activate a portion of a DNA molecule?- a. carbohydrate b. amino acid c. All types of hormones react with and activate a portion of a DNA molecule. d. steroid e. protein

d

You just ate about half your birthday cake. Which of the following is happening in your body?- a. Glucose decreases, insulin increases, glucagon decreases. b. Glucose increases, insulin decreases, glucagon increases. c. Glucose increases, insulin increases, glucagon increases. d. Glucose increases, insulin increases, glucagon decreases.

d

_________ hormones enter target cells and bind to intracellular receptors, whereas __________ hormones bind to cell membrane receptors and never enter the target cells.- a. Steroid; carbohydrate b. Nonsteroid; steroid c. Protein; peptide d. Steroid; nonsteroid

b

True or false. The adrenal gland secretes hormones that slow down the heart rate and lower blood glucose levels.- a. true b. false

b

Which of the following statements would be the best way to describe or define the concept of the second messenger?- a. A second messenger is a hormone-like substance that takes over and does the work of a hormone. b. When the binding of the hormone to a membrane receptor (the "first messenger") activates another molecule within the cell (often cyclic AMP), that activated molecule is the second messenger. c. Second messenger is another name for the steroid hormones. d. Second messenger is another name for cyclic AMP. e. Second messenger is another term for the amino acid and protein hormones.

e

Insufficient production of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary may result in- a. gigantism b. acromegaly c. a drop in blood glucose levels d. diabetes insipidus e. dwarfism

a

The structure that controls hormone release by both the anterior pituitary and the posterior pituitary is the ________.- a. hypothalamus b. thyroid gland c. posterior pituitary d. anterior pituitary e. thalamus

c

When oxytocin is released during childbirth, the hormone targets cells in the- a. breasts b. hypothalamus c. uterus d. both the breasts and uterus e. kidneys

c

All of the following statements about the endocrine system are TRUE EXCEPT which one?- a. Hormones are distributed via the circulatory system. b. The endocrine system and the nervous system frequently interact. c. Hormones act more quickly than the nervous system. d. Many hormones are not able to cross the blood-brain barrier. e. Hormones exert their effects on cells that have the specific hormone receptor.

b

During times of stress, which one of the following glands stimulates the anterior pituitary to release ACTH?- a. pancreas b. hypothalamus c. posterior pituitary d. anterior pituitary e. adrenal medulla

b

From which part of the pituitary are the hypothalamic hormones (antidiuretic hormone and oxytocin) released?- a. anterior pituitary b. posterior pituitary c. both lobes of the pituitary d. neither lobe of the pituitary, but rather the stalk connecting the pituitary to the hypothalamus

b

Hormones act upon specific target tissues because- a. they can be released only following depolarization of the target cell b. target tissues display the appropriate receptor for a particular hormone c. they interact only with target cells at a synapse d. they are released next to target tissues, so they cannot interact with other cells e. the blood has access to all body tissues

c

How are hormones related to the interaction of the nervous system and muscular system?- a. The nervous system stimulates muscle movement. This, in turn, stimulates the release of hormones. b. Muscle movement stimulates the release of hormones. This, in turn, stimulates the nervous system. c. The nervous system can control muscle movement by controlling the release of hormones. d. Muscle movement stimulates the nervous system. This, in turn, stimulates the release of hormones.

d

If a gene is activated by a hormone, what is the most likely chain of events?- a. Transcription of mRNA and translation of the message into a protein both take place in the nucleus. The new protein then leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm, where it initiates various cellular events. b. A protein is produced directly from the DNA. This stimulates other molecules to produce mRNA. This mRNA leaves the nucleus and initiates the response in the cytoplasm. c. The gene triggers other components in the nucleus. This leads to a cascade of events. More DNA is produced, and eventually a new protein is produced. This protein leaves the nucleus and goes to the cytoplasm, where it initiates the events attributed to the hormone. d. A strand of mRNA is transcribed in the nucleus. It leaves the nucleus for the cytoplasm. The message is translated into a new protein. e. Transcription of mRNA and translation of the message into a protein both take place in the cytoplasm. This is caused by an electrical stimulus from the complexing of the hormone and the gene.

b

The adrenal medulla shares this trait in common with both the hypothalamus and the posterior pituitary glands.- a. The hormones it secretes act on nearby cells. b. It is a neuroendocrine organ c. It is divided into two regions d. It releases large amount of hormones.

a

The anterior pituitary gland produces all of the following EXCEPT which one?- a. ADH b. ACTH c. PRL d. LH e. TSH

a

The most accurate statement about FSH is ________.- a. FSH is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates both sperm production and egg development b. FSH is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates ovulation c. FSH is produced in the posterior pituitary and stimulates egg development d. FSH is produced in the anterior pituitary and stimulates testosterone production e. FSH is produced in the posterior pituitary and stimulates sperm production

d

The ovaries of women function as endocrine organs by producing- a. prostaglandins b. oxytocin c. ADH d. estrogen and progesterone e. growth hormone

c

Uptake of blood glucose by liver cells is stimulated by- a. prolactin b. parathyroid hormone c. insulin d. glucagon e. ADH

e

When a hormone binds to a receptor, the resulting molecule is called a(n) ________.- a. hormone-DNA complex b. hormone-membrane complex c. hormone-steroidal complex d. amino acid complex e. hormone-receptor complex

e

Which of the following statements about the functions of hormones is MOST correct?- a. Hormones can affect the activities of the plasma membrane. b. Hormones influence protein synthesis. c. Hormones may be involved in secretory activity. d. Hormones affect energy utilization. e. All of the listed responses are correct.

c

If the level of calcium in the blood falls below the homeostatic level, which of the following would be true?- a. The secretion of calcitonin would increase. b. Bones would begin to store more calcium. c. Parathormone levels in the body would increase. d. All of these statements would be true if blood calcium levels are too low.