human bio exam 5, lab and mastering
When the ventricles are relaxed, the ________ are loose and there is no resistance to the flow of blood from atrium to ventricle.
chordae tendineae
Which of the following supplies blood to the muscle tissue of the heart?
coronary arteries
A disorder resulting from the buildup of fatty deposits in the coronary arteries is called
coronary artery disease
The great and middle cardiac veins drain blood directly into the
coronary sinus
Which structural feature of the heart is a deep groove usually filled with substantial amounts of fat, marking the border between the atria and the ventricles.
coronary sulcus
Leukopenia is to leukocytes as anemia is to _________.
erythrocytes
The percentage of whole blood volume occupied by formed elements is called
hematocrit
Excess transferrins are removed in the ________, where the iron extracted from heme molecules is stored in special protein-iron complexes.
liver and spleen
The most abundant type of WBC in a normal blood sample is the ________.
neutrophil
Blood leaving the right ventricle will immediately flow through which of the following valves?
pulmonary semilunar valve
During red blood cell development, what is the term given to the first anucleate cell?
reticulocyte
Which chamber receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cavae?
right atrium
The function of the cardiac skeleton is to
stabilize the position of the heart valves
Agglutinogens of the various blood types are examples of
surface antigens
The ________ circuit carries blood to and from all parts of the body except the lungs.
systemic
If valve function deteriorates such that the heart cannot maintain adequate circulatory flow, symptoms of ________ appear.
valvular heart disease
The following is a list of vessels and structures that are associated with the heart. 1. right atrium 2. left atrium 3. right ventricle 4. left ventricle 5. vena cavae 6. aorta 7. pulmonary trunk 8. pulmonary veins What is the correct order for the flow of blood entering from the systemic circulation?
vena cavae, right atrium, right ventricle, pulmonary trunk, pulmonary veins, left atrium, left ventricle, aorta
The QRS complex on an ECG tracing represents
ventricular depolarization
The T wave of an ECG corresponds to
ventricular repolarization
Blood is approximately ________ percent plasma by volume.
46-63
A person with Type B blood will have antigens on the surface of RBC and antibodies in plasma.
B, anti-A
________ directly stimulates red blood cell production.
EPO
As blood flows through peripheral tissues, what occurs regarding the hemoglobin molecules of RBCs?
Hemoglobin binds carbon dioxide and releases its bound oxygen.
Veins that return blood to the heart are also referred to as ________ vessels.
afferent
Small tributaries from the branches of the coronary arteries form interconnections called ________.
anatomoses
Which of the following indicates the start of the systemic circuit?
ascending aorta
The least numerous white blood cells in peripheral circulation are the
basophils
The tricuspid valve is located
between right atrium and right ventricle
Blood flowing from the left atrium to the left ventricle flows through the ________ valve.
bicuspid
What is the name of the name of the orange yellow pigment that the heme of hemoglobin is converted into?
bilirubin
In the process of hemoglobin recycling, each heme molecule is stripped of its iron and converted to which pigmented organic compound?
biliverdin
The function of hemoglobin is to
bind and transport oxygen and carbon dioxide
Malfunctioning chordae tendineae would
cause regurgitation into the atria
Erythropoietin is most likely released under which of the following conditions?
during anemia
The innermost layer of the heart wall is the
endocardium
Plasma and interstitial fluid account for most of the volume of ________ in the body.
extracellular fluid
Which structural feature of cardiac muscle cells enables action potentials to travel rapidly from cell to cell?
gap junctions
The primary function of white blood cells is to
help defend the body against pathogens.
Red blood cells result from the divisions of cells called
hemocytoblasts
If the AV node does not receive action potentials generated by the SA node,
it will establish a heart rate of 40-60 bpm
Which heart chamber receives blood from the pulmonary veins?
left atrium
Which chamber pumps oxygenated blood out the aorta to the systemic circuit?
left ventricle
Formed elements that are nucleated and capable of amoeboid movement are
leukocytes
When foreign cells invade the body, one would most likely expect to see increased numbers of
lymphocytes
The atrioventricular valve on the left side of the heart is also called the
mitral valve
Which of the following pairs are mismatched?
neutrophils: antibody production
EPO is released when
oxygen levels in the blood decrease
The loose-fitting sac around the heart is lined by the
parietal pericardium
Neutrophils
phagocytize bacteria
The three types of formed elements found in blood are _________.
platelets, red blood cells, and white blood cells
The first blood vessels to branch from the pulmonary trunk are the
pulmonary arteries
Basophils
release histamine and heparin to prevent blood clotting
The marginal artery branches off the
right coronary artery
Which heart chamber pumps unoxygenated blood out the pulmonary trunk?
right ventricle
When the chordae tendineae are loose ___________.
the AV valves are open
Why is atrial repolarization not illustrated on an ECG?
the QRS complex masks it
The muscular ridges found on the internal surfaces of the ventricles are collectively called (the) ________.
trabeculae carneae
During blood transfusions, which of the following blood types would NEVER cause an agglutination reaction when introduced into an individual with Type A+ blood?
type O-
Blood from the systemic circulation returns to the heart by way of the
venae cava
The term ________ refers to the combination of plasma and the formed elements together.
whole blood
A normal WBC count is about ________ cells per microliter.
5,000-10,000
________ is a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of RBCs is reduced.
Anemia
Without mitochondria, RBCs are relatively inefficient in terms of energy production. However, there is an advantage to RBC function. What is this advantage?
It ensures that any oxygen the RBCs absorb will be delivered to peripheral tissues.
Following a major car accident, the patient is brought to the hospital after losing 3 liters of blood. To save the patient's life, the ER medical staff should transfuse what blood type?
O-
which blood type has neither A, B nor Rh antigens?
O-
Which of the following is the correct order in which the electrical impulse travels through the heart in the conduction system?
SA node, AV node, AV bundle, bundle branches, Purkinje fibers
Which of the following is the correct flow of blood?
SVC, right atrium, tricuspid valve, right ventricle, pulmonary semilunar valve, pulmonary trunk
Which of the following pairs is mismatched?
T wave: atrial diastole
Which statement is correct regarding the heart wall?
The epicardium is a serous membrane that consists of an exposed epithelium and an underlying layer of areolar tissue.
Type AB blood contains
agglutinogen A and B
During the recycling of hemoglobin, what is the breakdown product of the globular proteins of each hemoglobin molecule?
amino acids
The right and left coronary arteries originate at the ________.
ascending aorta/aortic sinuses
Atrioventricular valves prevent backflow into the
atria
A heart murmur occurs due to the ___________.
blood flowing back into the atria from the ventricles
________ permit the exchange of nutrients, dissolved gases, and waste products between the blood and surrounding tissues.
capillaries
When large numbers of RBCs break down in the circulation, the urine can turn reddish or brown in a condition called
hemoglobinuria
Which condition results from abnormally high levels of bilirubin in the plasma of blood?
jaundice
Which organ synthesizes more than 90 percent of plasma proteins?
liver
The right ventricle pumps blood to the
lungs
The average pressure in the right ventricle is ________ the pressure in the left ventricle.
much lower than
Which of the following represents the correct sequence of stages in RBC maturation?
myeloid stem cell, proerythroblast, erythroblast, reticulocyte, RBC
What is the muscular layer of the heart containing cardiac muscle tissue, blood vessels, and nerves?
myocardium
Which of the following is the most superficial layer surrounding the heart?
parietal pericardium
The heart is surrounded by the
pericardial cavity
Deoxygenated blood is carried away from the right ventricle by the
pulmonary trunk
The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the
pulmonary veins
In adults, the stem cells responsible for the production of red and white blood cells originate primarily in the
red bone marrow
The heart is actually (one, two, or three) pumps?
two
Fresh whole blood is usually collected through a procedure called
venipuncture
