Human Biology: Chapter 6: Cardiovascular System- Blood (from the SB hw)

Place these steps in the formation of a blood clot in the correct chronological order, beginning with the first step at the top.

1. a blood vessel is damaged 2. a platelet plug forms 3. prothrombin is formed and converted to thrombin 4. fibrinogen is formed and converted to fibrin

Select the three ways carbon dioxide is carried in the blood.

1. combined with hemoglobin 2. dissolved in the plasma 3. as a bicarbonate ion

The five major types of white blood cells are

1. monocytes 2. lymphocytes 3. neutrophils 4. eosinophils 5. basophils

Select the two major components of blood

1. plasma 2. formed elements

The two components of plasma that create most of the blood's osmotic pressure are

1. plasma proteins 2. salts

The three general categories of blood function are

1. transport 2. regulation 3. defense

Select the three types of formed elements found in human blood

1. white blood cells 2. red blood cells 3. platelets

Human blood normally contains approximately how many white blood cells?

5,000-11,000 cells per microliter

monocytes

become macrophages in tissues

The primary transport medium of the human body is the

blood

Red blood cells are produced by stem cells in the

bone marrow

Hemoglobin that is carrying carbon dioxide is called

carbamionhemoglobin

Platelets function mainly in blood

clotting

A child born without an enzyme necessary for the development of B and T lymphocytes will have SCID, or severe _____ immunodeficiency.

combined

Blood is considered to be a type of fluid ______ tissue since it contains cells and a noncellular matrix

connective

Blood is which type of tissue?

connective

Phagocytosis, antibodies, and blood clotting are components of which function of the blood?

defense

Which of the following does not have oxygen bound to it?

deoxyhemoglobin

When examining a stained blood smear, a white blood cell that has prominent cytoplasmic granules that stain a deep red is most likely a(n)

eosinophil

Which type of white blood cell is most directly involved in the protection of the body against parasitic infections?

eosinophil

Red blood cells are also known as

erythrocytes

The production of red blood cells is controlled by a hormone called

erythropoietin

The major sign that would be expected in a person with hemophilia is

excessive bleeding

The most common symptom of anemia is

fatigue

The main function of white blood cells is to

fight infection

eosinophils

fight large parasites, such as worms

A single molecule of hemoglobin can bind to and transport ______ molecules of oxygen gas.

four

The lifespan of a human blood cell is approximately

four months

Jaundice occurs when

heme accumulates in tissues

Blood is red because of the presence of which molecule?

hemoglobin

The pigment molecule that transports oxygen in the red blood cells of humans is called

hemoglobin

The term that refers to the rupturing of red blood cells is

hemolysis

Mast cells release which molecule?

histamine

White blood cells are an important component of which body system?

immune

heme; globin

iron-containing group; protein with four polypeptides

If the lover fails to excrete heme from the breakdown of hemoglobin, it will accumulate in the tissues, causing a yellowing of the skin and eyes called

jaundice

The hormone erythropoietin, which stimulates the production of red blood cells, is produced by the

kidneys

A cancer of white blood cells that involved uncontrolled growth of lymphocytes would be specifically called lymphocytic

leukemia

What term refers to cancer of the white blood cells?

leukemia

Old red blood cells are broken down by macrophages in the

liver and spleen

Connective tissue-dwelling cells that resemble basophils, and which release histamine associated with allergic reactions are called _____ cells.

mast

Platelets are produced by fragmentation of which type of cells in red bone marrow?

megakartocytes

When examining a stained blood smear, a cell that appears to be the largest type of WBC is most likely a

monocyte

In a normal, healthy individual, the most abundant type of white blood cell present in the blood is the

neutrophil

The most abundant of the white blood cells is the

neutrophil

When examining a stained blood smear, a cell that has a finely granular cytoplasm and a multilobed nucleus is most likely a

neutrophil

When oxygen binds to hem, hemoglobin assumes a slightly different shape and is called

oxyhemoglobin

neutrophils

phagocytize and cellular debris

Pathogens are destroyed by being engulfed during a process called

phagocytosis

The liquid portion of the blood is called

plasma

The portion of the blood responsible for carrying dissolved salts, proteins, and buffers is the

plasma

Another term for a mature, antibody-secreting B cells is a(n)

plasma cell

The maintenance of blood pH, blood clotting, transportation of cholesterol, and maintenance of osmotic pressure are all functions of which blood component?

plasma proteins

Fragmentation of megakaryocytes in red bone marrow produces formed elements called ___ or thrombocytes.

platelets

Thrombocytopenia is the term for an insufficient number of

platelets

Cells that can divide and become the various types of blood cell are called

pluripotent stem cells

basophils

promote inflammation, blood flow to injured tissues

Small, biconcave blood cells that lack a nucleus are _____ blood cells, or erythrocytes.

red

All of the categories of formed elements of human blood are produced by the

red bone marrow

Hemolysis is defined as

rupturing of red blood cells

What is the name of the disease in which B and T cells are not formed therefore leaving an individual unable to fight infection?

severe combined immunodeficiency

A genetic condition that results in misshapen red blood cells that burst easily is

sickle-cell disease

Red blood cells are produced by _____ cells in the red bone marrow.

stem

Which of the following is a potential symptom of acute lymphocytic leukemia?

swelling in the neck and armsits

Hemophilia A is a genetic deficiency of the factor VIII protein involved in blood clotting. This disorder is more common in males because

the affected gene is on the X chromosome

During blood clotting, which enzyme converts fibrinogen to fibrin?

thrombin

Another term for platelets is

thrombocytes

About 91% of plasma is

water

Granular and agranular are the two major type of _____ blood cells.

white

Select all correct descriptions of white blood cells.

- white blood cells are translucent unless stained - white blood cells are larger than red blood cells

lymphocytes

B and T cells that carry out specific (adaptive) immunity

True or false: Red blood cells have a highly active metabolism compared to most other cell types.

False

True of false: hormones, wastes and lipids are transported by the blood

True

True or false: Macrophages are derived from monocytes.

True

In both appearance and function, mast cells most closely resemble which type of white blood cell?

basophil

Which of these white blood cell types are normally the least numerous in blood?

basophils

Select all descriptions that apply to basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils.

- all 3 have a nucleus - all 3 have noticeable cytoplasmic granules - all 3 are white blood cells

A person with blood type O would be expected to have which antibodies in their plasma? Select all that apply.

- anti-A - anti-B

Which of the following are characteristics of red blood cells?

- biconcave shape - contain hemoglobin - carry oxygen

Select all signs or symptoms that would be expected in a person with thrombocytopenia.

- bleeding in the intestine - bruising - nosebleeds

Select all characteristics of mature red blood cells.

- carry out fermentation - lack mitochondria - lack a nucleus

Select all types of white blood cells that are granular leukocytes.

- eosinophils - neutrophils - basophils

Select all structural components of hemoglobin.

- four polypeptide chains - heme - iron

Select all functions of blood

- helps regulate body temperature - transports gases - combats pathogens

Which of the following describes sickle-cell disease? Select all that apply.

- it is a hereditary condition - red blood cells are misshapen

Select all of the following white blood cells that are classified as agranular leukocytes.

- lymphocytes - monocytes

Select all of the following that describe basophils.

- nucleus is u-shaped or lobed - take up a basic stain and appear dark-blue in color - release histamine associated with allergic reactions

Select all substances transported by the blood

- oxygen - hormones - nutrients - carbon dioxide

Select all of the following that are types of lymphocytes.

- plasma cells - B cells - T cells

Which of the following are required for blood to clot? Select all that apply.

- platelets - clotting factors

Identify all of the symptoms that may indicate an individual has acute lymphocytic leukemia

- swelling in the neck - lack of energy - bruises that take longer than normal to heal

Which two of the following descriptions apply to eosinophils?

- they are involved in the phagocytosis of allergens associated with the inflammatory response - they have a bilobed nucleus

Select all correct characterizations of platelets.

- they are more numerous in blood than white blood cells are - they function in blood clotting

Select all of the following that are components of plasma

- urea - proteins - salts

In the ABO system, the 4 different types of human blood are A, B, O and

AB

Regardless of the cause, a person with an abnormally low number of red blood cells or hemoglobin has the general condition known as

anemia

Together, the monocytes and lymphocytes make up the

angular leukocytes

In response to the presence of foreign antigens, certain white blood cells (B cells) produce specific antigen-binding proteins called

antibodies

A cell or other substance that is foreign to the body is called a/an

antigen

Most of the carbon dioxide is transported in the blood

as bicarbonate ion