human nutrition test 1

Which of the following is NOT a major factor impacting a person's food choices? Media Blood type Health beliefs Mood

Blood type

Which of the following foods is naturally a rich source of phytochemicals? Margarine Tuna Blueberries Chicken

Blueberries

Which of the following sources of information features peer-reviewed articles? Men's Health Magazine National Geographic Magazine Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Nutrition and You: Health for Life

Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics

Generally, epidemiological studies ________. establish causation without experimentation prove positive correlations cannot determine cause-and-effect relationships involve in vitro experimentation

cannot determine cause-and-effect relationships

Researchers are conducting a study to determine the effects of vitamin C on the human immune system. The study involves providing pills that contain vitamin C to one group of human subjects, and pills that do not contain vitamin C or other active ingredients to another group of people. The pills that do not contain the vitamin are antidotes. supplements. placebos. probiotics.

placebos

A serving of food contains 15 g carbohydrate, 3 g protein, 5 g fat, 5 mg vitamin C, and 100 mL water. Based on this information, a serving of this food supplies _______. 87 kcals 97 kcals 107 kcals 117 kcals

117 Kcals

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient-dense per serving? Leafy greens French fries Grape drink Refined grains

Leafy Greens

Which of the following foods is NOT a rich natural source of phytochemicals? Cherries Green tea Whole-grain bread Lean meat

Lean Meat

Which of the following statements is TRUE? A megadose of vitamin C is within the range of safe intake for the nutrient. Peanut butter is an empty-calorie food. Most foods are mixtures of nutrients. A healthy diet supplies 90% of its calories from protein-rich foods.

Most foods are mixtures of nutrients

Which of the following is NOT a reason dietary recommendations undergo revisions? Researchers continue to explore the complex relationships between diet and health. Nutrition is an exact science. Nutrition research involves human subjects. New scientific evidence becomes available and the information is reviewed and accepted by nutrition experts.

Nutrition is an exact science

In the United States, consumers eat more ________ than recommended. protein foods vegetables dairy products fruits

Protein foods

Which of the following statements is true? When interpreting results of their studies, researchers generally seek to include some bias into their analyses. Scientific studies to investigate the same question can have different findings. Control groups are not as important to nutrition-based research studies as they are to other types of research. A single-blind experiment is one in which neither the investigator nor the subjects know which treatment group each participant is a part of in the study.

Scientific studies to investigate the same question can have different findings

Which of the following conditions or diseases is a leading diet-related cause of death in the United States? Chronic lower respiratory infections Stroke Suicide Influenza and pneumonia

Stroke

Which of the following statements is false? The Internet is generally a reliable source of nutrition information, because information posted at websites has been peer-reviewed. Websites with .edu in their addresses often provide reliable nutrition information. When evaluating claims for dietary supplements that appear on a website, be wary of products that include promises for quick remedies. In general, personal websites, such as blogs, are not reliable sources of nutrition information.

The Internet is generally a reliable source of nutrition information, because information posted at websites has been peer-reviewed.

Which of the following substances is a nutrient that does NOT supply any energy for the human body? Carbohydrate Fat Protein Vitamin D

Vitamin D

Which of the following is NOT true about water? Water is an essential nutrient. Water plays a role in regulation of body temperature. Water is necessary for elimination of waste from the body. Water is necessary for immune function.

Water is necessary for immune function

Which of the following observations is an example of an inverse correlation? When members of a population increase their consumption of milk and milk products, their risk for bone fractures decreases. As children increase their physical activity level, they develop greater muscle mass than children who are less active. When pregnant women gain more weight than average, they are more likely to give birth to babies who are heavier than average. When children eat three or more servings of fruits and vegetables a day, their blood levels of vitamin C increase.

When pregnant women gain more weight than average, they are more likely to give birth to babies who are heavier than average.

Derek takes protein supplements before and after his workouts. He told his workout partner that he became 200% stronger within a couple of months after he added the supplements to his diet. His report about the effects of the supplementsis an example of a(n) ________. factoid anecdote variable case report

anecdote

Zack takes 500 mg of vitamin C daily. He advises his friends to take vitamin C supplements because, he claims, the vitamin protects him from cold viruses. His claim about the usefulness of the vitaminis an ________.

anecdote

Having a control group enables researchers to provide specific treatments to participants of the group. compare findings of the control group with those of the experimental group. avoid using harmful interventions when testing control subjects' responses. explore possible hypotheses for future research efforts.

compare findings of the control group with those of the experimental group

Which of the following websites is most likely a source of biased and unreliable nutrition information? stanford.edu dietsnomore4u.com eatright.org choosemyplate.gov

dietsnomore4u.com

The results of a research study indicate that those adults who consume the most sugar-sweetened beverages also have the highest rates of type 2 diabetes. These findings suggest there is a(n) _______ correlation between sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and risk for type 2 diabetes. direct indirect observational random

direct

An online advertisement for a weight-loss product includes before and after photos of a woman who supposedly lost 50 pounds in 3 weeks while taking the product. The bottom of the ad includes the statement, "Results are not typical." This statement is an example of a(n) ________.

disclaimer

Which of the following is NOT a biological or physiological factor that influences a person's food choices? Age Perception of food's sensory characteristics Emotional stress level Hunger

emotional stress level

A nutrition researcher observes that preschool-aged children who eat fewer vegetables are more likely to be overweight or obese than those children who eat more vegetables. The researcher then develops a/an ________, a possible explanation for the observation, to guide her research project. hypothesis analysis placebo cohort

hypothesis

Studying nutrition is important to _______. obtain enough energy to sustain life learn about the nutritional value of foods and effects diet can have on health reduce dependence on animal food products avoid pesticides and hormones in the food supply

learn about the nutritional value of foods and effects diet can have on health

The first step in the scientific method is to make observations that generate questions. formulate a hypothesis. review current scientific literature. design a research study.

make observations that generate questions

An essential nutrient _______. is found only in fortified foods is found only in foods from animal sources must be supplied by the diet provides energy (kcals) to the diet

must be supplied by the diet

A nutrition researcher would like to determine whether women who take fish oil supplements during pregnancy give birth to babies who score higher on basic intelligence tests when they are 5 years of age than the 5-year old children that were born to women who did not take the fish oil supplements during pregnancy. This kind of research is a(n) ________ study. double-blind prospective case-control in vivo

prospective

A group of scientists suspects that certain dietary practices are partially responsible for different rates of hypertension among adults of different ethnic/racial groups. To test their hypothesis, the researchers examine data concerning the different population groups' hypertension rates and their past dietary practices. This research is a ________ study. retrospective case-control prospective hypothetical

retrospective

Which of the following kinds of studies would be the best to use when investigating whether cigarette smoking influences weight gain? Cohort Single-blind Double-blind Conventional

Cohort

Which of the following conditions is NOT a leading cause of death in the United States? Tuberculosis Cancer Heart Disease Stroke

Tuberculosis

Which of the following foods is the most nutrient-dense per serving? Cheese nachos Iceberg lettuce Fat-free milk Soft margarine

Fat-Free Milk

Which of the following observations is an example of a positive correlation? When members of a population consume fewer fruits and vegetables, their risk of high blood pressure increases. When a group of children increases their physical activity levels, the percentage of the children who contract cold infections decreases. When women gain less weight than average during pregnancy, the birthweights of their babies tend to be lower than average. When a population'sintake of green tea increases, the percentage of lung cancer cases in thatpopulation decreases.

When women gain less weight than average during pregnancy, the birthweights of their babies tend to be lower than average

Approximately how many grams of carbohydrate are in a sugar-sweetened beverage that supplies 240 kcals and contains no fiber, fat, protein, or alcohol? 50 grams of carbohydrate 30 grams of carbohydrate 40grams of carbohydrate 60grams of carbohydrate

60 grams of carbohydrate

Which of the following is NOT a key nutrition concept? Malnutrition includes overnutrition as well as undernutrition. Foods and the nutrients they contain are one of many components of health. Variety, moderation, and balance can help ensure a diet's nutritional adequacy. The best way for people to obtain all the essential nutrients is to consume dietary supplements.

The best way for people to obtain all the essential nutrients is to consume dietary supplements

Which of the following statements is true? Nutrient-deficiency diseases develop when diets lack essential nutrients. Skin rashes are always a symptom of vitamin deficiency diseases. Headaches are a common sign of a mineral deficiency disease. Most phytochemicals are classified as essential nutrients.

nutrient-deficiency diseases develop when diets lack essential nutrients

Over a 2-year period, a team of scientists records the eating behaviors and physical activity patterns of a group of healthy8-year-old children to determine whether these factors are associated with weight gain. This study is an example of a(n) ________ study. case-control retrospective prospective in vitro

prospective

Which of the following is NOT included in the Healthy People report? Science-based national objectives Goals for improving the health of all Americans Topic areas, including nutrition and weight status International goals and measurable objectives to guide evidence-based policies

International goals and measurable objectives to guide evidence-based policies

Scientists conduct a study in which 100 adults with chronic diarrhea are divided into 2 groups with 50 people per group. One group is given a supply of yogurt that contains a certain kind of bacteria, and the other group is given yogurt that is bacteria-free. The study's participants and researchers do not know which group of subjects has the bacteria in the yogurt and which group does not. The scientists instruct the participants to eat the entire 8 ounces of yogurt once a day for a month and record their bowel habits. This is an example of a(n) ________ study. introspective double-blind uncontrolled hypothetical

double-blind