Human phys chapter 14
Amino acids
Used to make the bulk of cell structure and functional substances such as enzymes
Bile
created in the liver; stored in the Gallbladder; emulsifies fats
30 cc of Chyme
empties into the stomach
glycogenolysis
fight or flight
Fats
for insulating deposits around body organs and beneath the skin
Anabolism
glucose to glycogen
Glycolosis
glucose to pyruvate
esophagus
goes through your diaphram
cells lining the small intestine
produces CCK and secretin
Pancreas
produces hormones and enzymes
trypsin
protein digesting enzyme
rennin
protein digesting enzyme in infants
Glucose
Of the simple sugars, ____ is most important; it is the sugar referred to as "blood sugar"
Perspiration Radiation
Means of liberating excess body heat
glycogenesis
Adrenaline
Heat
By-product of cell metabolism
Radiation
Chemicals released by injured tissue cells and bacteria, causing resetting of the thermostat
Secretin
Chyme's acidity makes the small intestine produce secretin then secretin tells the pancreas to produce Alkaline fluid
Frostbite
Death of cells deprived of oxygen and nutrients, resulting from withdrawal of blood from the skin circulation when the external temperature is low
Lactose, Maltose, Sucrose
Disaccharides include ____, _____, and _____.
Pancreas
Ducts a variety of enzymes in an alkaline into the duodenum
Hypothermia
Extremely low body temperature
Fatty Acids
Fats are broken down to two types of building blocks, ___ and glycerol.
Hyperthermia
Fever
Fats
Important in building myelin sheaths and cell membranes
enzymes
Lipase Amylase
Blood
Means by which heat is distributed to all body tissues
Constriction of skin blood vessels Shivering
Means of conserving/increasing body heat
Intestinal glands
Produce an enzyme-poor "juice" containing mucus; found in the submucosa of the small intestine
Gastric glands
Produce hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen
Liver
Produces bile, which is transported to the duodenum via the bile duct
Amino Acids
Protein foods must be digested to ____ before they can be absorbed.
Salivary glands
Secretion includes amylase, which begins starch digestion in the mouth
Hypothalamus
Site of the body's thermostat
CCK
Tells the Pancreas to produce Lipase Tells the Gallbladder to produce bile
Amino acids
Tend to be conserved by cells
Fructose, Galactose, Glucose
The building blocks of carbohydrates are monosaccharides, or simple sugars. The three common simple sugars in our diet are, ____, _____, and, _____.
Carbohydrates
The most used substance for producing the energy-rich ATP
Fats
The second most important food source for making cellular energy
Rugae
Thick folds of the stomach; mechanical digestion; churning
two things absorbed into the stomach
alcohol and asprin
example of catabolism
breakdown of fats to fatty acids; large to small
Lipase
breaks down fats to fatty acids
Amylase
breaks down the starches; found in saliva
glyconeogenesis
turns non-carbohydrates into glucose