Human phys chapter 14

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Amino acids

Used to make the bulk of cell structure and functional substances such as enzymes

Bile

created in the liver; stored in the Gallbladder; emulsifies fats

30 cc of Chyme

empties into the stomach

glycogenolysis

fight or flight

Fats

for insulating deposits around body organs and beneath the skin

Anabolism

glucose to glycogen

Glycolosis

glucose to pyruvate

esophagus

goes through your diaphram

cells lining the small intestine

produces CCK and secretin

Pancreas

produces hormones and enzymes

trypsin

protein digesting enzyme

rennin

protein digesting enzyme in infants

Glucose

Of the simple sugars, ____ is most important; it is the sugar referred to as "blood sugar"

Perspiration Radiation

Means of liberating excess body heat

glycogenesis

Adrenaline

Heat

By-product of cell metabolism

Radiation

Chemicals released by injured tissue cells and bacteria, causing resetting of the thermostat

Secretin

Chyme's acidity makes the small intestine produce secretin then secretin tells the pancreas to produce Alkaline fluid

Frostbite

Death of cells deprived of oxygen and nutrients, resulting from withdrawal of blood from the skin circulation when the external temperature is low

Lactose, Maltose, Sucrose

Disaccharides include ____, _____, and _____.

Pancreas

Ducts a variety of enzymes in an alkaline into the duodenum

Hypothermia

Extremely low body temperature

Fatty Acids

Fats are broken down to two types of building blocks, ___ and glycerol.

Hyperthermia

Fever

Fats

Important in building myelin sheaths and cell membranes

enzymes

Lipase Amylase

Blood

Means by which heat is distributed to all body tissues

Constriction of skin blood vessels Shivering

Means of conserving/increasing body heat

Intestinal glands

Produce an enzyme-poor "juice" containing mucus; found in the submucosa of the small intestine

Gastric glands

Produce hydrochloric acid and pepsinogen

Liver

Produces bile, which is transported to the duodenum via the bile duct

Amino Acids

Protein foods must be digested to ____ before they can be absorbed.

Salivary glands

Secretion includes amylase, which begins starch digestion in the mouth

Hypothalamus

Site of the body's thermostat

CCK

Tells the Pancreas to produce Lipase Tells the Gallbladder to produce bile

Amino acids

Tend to be conserved by cells

Fructose, Galactose, Glucose

The building blocks of carbohydrates are monosaccharides, or simple sugars. The three common simple sugars in our diet are, ____, _____, and, _____.

Carbohydrates

The most used substance for producing the energy-rich ATP

Fats

The second most important food source for making cellular energy

Rugae

Thick folds of the stomach; mechanical digestion; churning

two things absorbed into the stomach

alcohol and asprin

example of catabolism

breakdown of fats to fatty acids; large to small

Lipase

breaks down fats to fatty acids

Amylase

breaks down the starches; found in saliva

glyconeogenesis

turns non-carbohydrates into glucose


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