hypothalamus-anterior pituitary axis hormones
into hypophyseal portal vein.
Where do hypothalmic neurons secrete hormones?
from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary.
Where does hypophyseal portal vein carries hormones?
INCREASE TSH - because less negative feedback inhibition
You have a patient with an autoimmune disease causing his thyroid gland to produce LESS T3 and T4. Will this increase or decrease TSH?
hyperthyroidism
excessive secretion of thyroid hormones
ADH, TSH, oxytocin
if pituitary is removed, which hormones are missing?
thyroxine
if thyroid is removed, which hormone is missing?
hypothyroidism
listlessness, lethargy, weight gain, low metabolism
secondary hypothyroidism
low thyroid hormone caused by problem with source other than thyroid gland
primary hypothyroidism
low thyroid hormone caused by problem with thyroid gland
hypophysectomized
pituitary gland is removed; ADH, TSH and oxytocin will not be produced
somatostatin
provides negative feedback/inhibition of growth hormone in anterior pituitary
metabolic rate
refers to how fast body consumes nutrients for energy
thyroidectomized
thyroid is removed; thyroxine would be missing in its blood.
negative
what kind of feedback does cortisol provide hypothalamus and anterior pituitary?
functioning normally.
A TSH injection can be used to test thyroid gland of hypothyroid patient. If injection increased metabolsim, thyroid itself is ____.
metabolism
A normally functioning thyroid responds to TSH with increased thyroid hormone secretion which in turn increases ____
hypothalamus releases TRH, ant pituitary releases TSH, thyroid releases T3, T4 which negatively feedbacks on anterior pituitary and hypothalamus
Describe the negative feedback control in this diagram using THYROID hormones.
thyroid gland
If thyroid hormone is administered and hypothyroidism is fixed, where is source of problem?
prolactin-inhibiting hormone PIH and somatostatin
Secretion of proclactin and of growth hormone from anterior pituitary is regulated by hypothalmis inhibitory hormones. What are they?
inhibiting TSH and TRH secretion.
T3,T4 hormones increase metabolic rate and provide negative feedback by_____
T3,T4
TSH hormone travels to thyroid gland where it stimulates secretion of ___ thyroid hormones.
anterior pituitary
The ____ under direction of hypothalamus regulates thyroid gland, adrenal cortex, tissue growth/maintenance, and various reproductive functions.
thyroid gland, adrenal cortex, tissue growth, reproductive function
The anterior pituitary under direction of hypothalamus regulates ____, ____, _____, and _____.
TRH, VIP, oxytocin, and dopamine
What four hypothalamic hormones have signficant effects on prolactin secretion?
Thyroid Releasing Hormone (also stimulates TSH secretion)
What hormone does the Hypothalamus release to stimulate the anterior pituitary to secrete prolactin?
cortisol
What is target gland for corticotropin releasing hormone?
breast development and lactation
What is the function of Prolactin?
anterior pituitary (adrenal cortex) and adrenocorticotropic hormone ACTH
What organ does corticotropin stimulate to target gland and what hormone does that organ release?
hypothalamus
What organ regulates anterior pituitary function?
chronic stress adaptation
What peripheral effect does corticotropin releasing hormone have?
Thyroid hormones
___ are the primary regulators of metabolism.
Thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH)
___ is secreted from hypothalmic neurons, travels to anterior pituitary, and stimulates secretion of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
Corticotropin releasing hormone (CRH)
_____ from hypothalamus stimulates adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) secretion from anterior pituitary gland
Cortisol
_____ has negative feedback effect by inhibiting secretion of corticotropin releasing hormone and adrenocorticotrophic hormone
propylthiouracil
a drug that prevents thyroid hormone synthesis
