i hate this class

________ is the application of ethical standards to business behavior.

Business ethics

An intrinsic value means that the pursuit of one value is a good way to reach another value.

False

An organization's code of ethics does not pertain to the everyday functioning of its managers and employees.

False

Arthur Dobrin identified 15 questions that one should consider when resolving an ethical dilemma.

False

Business ethics can be approached from two distinct perspectives: prohibitive and preventative.

False

Business ethics should be applied as a separate set of moral standards or ethical concepts from general ethics.

False

Companies engaged in unethical behavior—willingly or otherwise—always protect the identity of the personnel involved.

False

Business ethics involves the application of standards of moral behavior to business situations.

True

The highest level of ethical reasoning is the postconventional level.

True

The interests of vendor partners in an organization include prompt payment for delivered goods.

True

An ________, such as happiness is a good thing in itself and is pursued for its own sake.

Intrinsic value

________ refers to a set of personal principles formalized into a code of behavior.

Value system

The main function of a code of ethics is to ________.

guide managers and employees in making sound decisions and choices every day

Over the last five decades, codes of ethics

have been adopted by an increasing number of organizations who share them with all their stakeholders.

A perspective of business ethics that involves recommending what should be happening in a business situation is termed ________ perspective.

normative

Which of the following is one of the four basic categories of ethics?

personal integrity

The principle for resolving an ethical dilemma in which one considers the question of what would happen if everyone made the same decision as him or her is termed ________ principle.

rules-based

The Greek philosopher Aristotle's belief in individual character and integrity established the concept of ________.

virtue ethics

________ refers to a study of how people try to live their lives according to a standard of "right" or "wrong" behavior.

Ethics

The problem with utilitarianism is the focus on doing the most good for a select few, such as Adolf Hitler and his idea of launching a national genocide against Jews on the ethical grounds of restoring the Aryan race.

False

The three principles by which ethical dilemmas are resolved are successful in all situations.

False

Unethical corporate behavior does not have any impact on a company's stakeholders.

False

What statement best describes the culture at Ford when they were selling the Pinto?

Ford believed cars should not be recalled unless the cost of ignoring the issue was greater than the recall.

Universal ethics argues that

there are certain principles that should apply to all ethical judgments.

________ is the study of how ethical theories are put into practice.

Applied ethics

An ________ is a situation in which there is no obvious right or wrong decision, but rather a right or right answer.

Ethical dilemma

A society is a closed, confined unit in which people have to follow a distinct religion.

False

Due to aggressive competition, Amanda feels pressured to copy an assignment from a friend and the Internet to get good grades. She feels the professor would not be able to figure out what she did. With this ethical dilemma, the first thing Amanda must do is analyze her actions without thinking about consequences.

False

During the 1960s, major scandals drew attention to unethical conduct.

False

Ethical behavior should not be the same inside and outside a business situation.

False

Ethical dilemmas are the study of how ethical theories are put into practice.

False

Jason is a high-school senior whose peers are into drugs. He also has a family history of substance abuse. This will have no impact on his moral standards.

False

The notion that anything which isn't specifically labeled as wrong must be OK encourages ethical actions in employees prone to unethical behavior.

False

The problem with universal ethics is the idea that the ends justify the means.

False

Utilizing the rules-based principle to resolve an ethical dilemma necessitates considering which decision would provide the greatest good for the greatest number of people.

False

The belief that an activity is safe because it will never be found out or publicized is one of the commonly held rationalizations, identified by Saul Gellerman, which can lead to unethical behavior.

True

The field of ethics is the study of how people try to live their lives according to a standard of "right" or "wrong" behavior.

True

In the 1980s, aggressive downsizing by corporations redefined the social contract between employers and employees.

True

In the 2000s, a series of financial scandals prompted calls for increased regulations and harsher penalties than before.

True

Simple truth is one of the four basic categories of ethics and can be expressed simply as doing the right thing.

True

Stakeholders include stockholders, employees, and the federal government.

True

Riley was granted the title of Doctor of Medicine by a medical school in Ohio. His parents were extremely happy and content with his achievement. The worth attached to the feelings experienced by Riley's parents is an example of ________.

intrinsic value

Morality is a set of morals dictated by society.

False

Which of the following is true of the three principles for resolving an ethical dilemma?

They do not offer a perfect solution or resolution for every situation.

A company's code of ethics comprises written standards of ethical behavior that are designed to guide managers and employees in making the decisions and choices they face every day.

True

A stakeholder is someone with a share or interest in a business enterprise.

True

According to the Ethics Resource Center, an organization's cornerstones include its missions, values, and principles.

True

A dramatic change in the ________ was the introduction of the stakeholder model as a construct for business ethics decisions.

1980s

In safety tests, rear impacts at ______mph or faster caused the tank in the Pinto gas tank to break and cause a potential fire hazard.

30

Dennis Gioia usually received 50-100 reports on a car to help him find patterns and decide whether or not to recommend a recall. Mr. Gioia recieved ________ reports on the Pinto.

5

In the context of the history of business ethics, identify a dramatic change that has taken place in the business environment over the past five decades.

The increased presence of an employee voice has made employees feel more comfortable speaking out against actions of their employers that they feel to be irresponsible.

An ethical dilemma is a situation in which there is no obvious right or wrong decision, but rather a right or right answer.

True

As a message to its stakeholders, an organization's code of ethics should represent a clear corporate commitment to the highest standards of ethical behavior.

True

Ethical relativism is where the traditions of one's society, one's personal opinions, and the circumstances of the present moment define one's ethical principles.

True

Kohlberg stated that it would be impossible for a person to comprehend the moral issues and dilemmas at a level far beyond his or her life experience and education.

True

The 2002 Sarbanes-Oxley Act introduced greater accountability for chief executive officers and boards of directors in signing off on the financial performance records of the organizations they represent.

True

The issue of corporate social responsibility has advanced from an abstract debate to a core performance-assessment issue with clearly established legal liabilities.

True

The problem with ethics for the greater good is the idea that the ends justify the means.

True

The problem with virtue ethics is that societies can place different emphasis on different virtues.

True

The standard of corporate governance is the extent to which the officers of an organization are fulfilling the duties and responsibilities of their offices to the relevant stakeholders.

True

________ refers to actions that are taken out of duty and obligation to a purely moral ideal, rather than based on the needs of the situation, since the universal principles are seen to apply to everyone, everywhere, all the time.

Universal ethics

Ethical choices that offer the greatest good for the greatest number of people refer to the ethical approach, proposed by David Hume, known as ________.

Utilitarianism

Ethics for the greater good or ________ is an approach more focused on the outcome of one's actions rather than the apparent virtue of the actions themselves.

Utilitarianism

________ is a concept of living one's life according to a commitment to the achievement of a clear ideal.

Virtue ethics

_____________ determined the cost of human life was 200,000 in recall calculations.

The Federal Government

There are four common ways people justify unethical behavior. What is an example of how Ford may have justified their decision to sell the Pinto?

A belief that because making money helps the company, Ford will protect any employees who help release the Pinto despite the safety violations.

According to the concept of ________, the traditions of one's society, one's personal opinions, and the circumstances of the present moment define one's ethical principles.

ethical relativism

The field of ________ is the study of how people try to live their lives according to a standard of "right" or "wrong" behavior.

ethics

A ________ is a company's written standards of ethical behavior that are designed to guide managers and employees in making the decisions and choices they face every day.

Code of ethics

The system by which business corporations are directed and controlled is termed ________.

Corporate governance

________ is a particular set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices that characterize a group of individuals.

Culture

What would Ford have needed to do if they decided to recall the Pinto?

Repair all the Pintos and return them to the customers who purchased them

A ________ refers to a structured community of people bound together by similar traditions and customs.

Society

Every religion in the world shares the Golden Rule.

False

Utilizing the ends-based principle to resolve an ethical dilemma necessitates focusing solely on the decisions that other people in one's situation would arrive at.

False

How did the Ford Pinto case contribute to concept of business ethics as an oxymoron?

Ford's willingness to allow people to die so the company could save money contradicts the idea that organizations want to be ethical.

What dangerous situation can potentially happen to the Pinto if it gets hit from behind at a low speed?

Gas tank was pushed into the back seat of the vehicle

"Do unto others as you would have them do unto you" is the ________ of ethics.

Golden rule

A(n) ________ is someone with a share or interest in a business enterprise.

Stakeholder

What was the engineering fix if Ford decided to recall the Pinto?

Installation of an $11 baffle plate

A(n) ________ is the quality by which the pursuit of one good value is a good way to reach another value.

Instrumental value

The combination of two contradictory terms, such as "deafening silence" or "jumbo shrimp," is a(n) ________.

Oxymoron

Ford employees were prohibited from using the word "failure" when they spoke about the Pinto. They were asked to use the word __________ instead

condition

The system that directs and controls business organizations is termed ________.

corporate governance

Amanda and Ross have been chosen to go to Ethiopia for their university's International Student Exchange Program. They read about the beliefs, attitudes, practices, norms, traditions, cuisine, and music of Ethiopia to better adapt to the place. Amanda and Ross are reading about the ________ aspect of Ethiopia.

cultural

A situation in which there is no obvious right or wrong decision, but rather a right or right answer, is termed ________.

ethical dilemma

The problem with a utilitarian approach to ethics is

the idea that the ends justify the means.