ID 2 - Fungal Infections O'Donnell
what drug/drug class: forms a pore that allows water to enter the fungal cell
amphotericin B
what is another word for a tumor made of fungus?
aspergilloma
what is a species of fungus associated with seasonal allergies and lung infections?
aspergillus
what part of body/other name: tinea pedia
athlete's foot
what drug/drug class: inhibits ergosterol synthesis
azoles
what are daughter cells of yeast called?
blastoconidia
which dimorphic yeast: found in moist soil with decomposing leaves/organic matter
blastomyces
yeasts reproduce by ________
budding
what is the most common candida species?
candida albicans
what candida species is multi drug resistant and very rare?
candida auris
what candida species has increasing resistance to azoles?
candida glabrata
what candida species has a very high mortality rate and has inherent resistance to fluconazole?
candida krusei
what candida species is the most common cause of nosocomial candidaemia?
candida tropicalis
what are the 2 main pathogenic yeast species?
candida; cryptococcus neoformans
what component of a fungal cell is unique vs. a eukaryotic cell?
cell wall
what acts as a protective, hard shell resistant to stress in the fungal cell wall?
chitin
which dimorphic yeast: cause of Valley Fever, kicked up during dust storms
coccidiodes
what are the spores formed by aspergillus called?
conidia
what yeast causes meningitis and pneumonia?
cryptococcus
what is the new strain of cryptococcus that causes lethal disease in healthy patients?
cryptococcus gattii
what enzyme controls the uptake of flucytosine?
cytosine permease
what drug/drug class: inhibits glucan synthesis
echinocandins
what is found in the fungal cell wall that is equivalent to cholesterol?
ergosterol
are fungal cells more eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
eukaryotic
what drug/drug class: inhibits RNA and DNA synthesis by mimicking cytosine
flucytosine
what makes up the skeleton/structure of the fungal cell wall?
glucan
which dimorphic yeast: cause of "Ohio Valley Disease", found in bird/bat droppings
histoplasma
molds form ________, or long strands of cells
hyphae
what part of body/other name: tinea cruris
jock itch
dermatophytes release extracellular enzymes called _________
keratinases
what makes up the outer layer of the fungal cell wall and holds proteins?
mannan
what are the 3 main components of a fungal cell wall?
mannan, glucan, chitin
what is an opportunities fungal infection of the sinuses, brain, or lungs that is very rare?
mucormycosis
what 2 patient populations most often are seen with mucormycosis?
neutropenic patients; uncontrolled diabetes
what drug/drug class: inhibits chitin synthesis
nikkomycin
is cryptococcus neoformans dimorphic?
no
what part of body/other name: tinea corporis
ringworm
what part of body/other name: tinea capitis
scalp/hair follicles
what are the 2 forms of dimorphic yeasts?
yeast form; mycelial form
what are the two main forms of fungi?
yeast; mold