Identification in ethics

Aristotle

A philosopher who held that the function of human being consist in activities which manifest the best states of his rational aspect, that is, the virtues.

Do mental strength training

Declining to satisfy unimportant and unnecessary desires is one example of this method in developing will and moral courage.

SIR

In Philippine culture, this is principally supported by and anchored on at least six basic Filipino values.

Yi

In confucianism, it is the upholding of righteousness and the disposition to do good.

Level III: Post Conventional Morality

In this level of morality, people recognize that rules represent agreements among many individuals about appropriate behavior.

Ethicists

Individuals who conclude that being good involves both thinking and feeling.

Moral relativism

It believes that no act is good or bad objectively.

Self control

It encompasses endowing the inner stregnth to focus all the energy on a moral goal and persevere until it is accomplished.

Ren

It is an obligation of altruism and humaneness for other individuals.

Cultural relativism

It is perhaps the most famous form of moral relativism.

Western ethics

It places more emphasis on law and justice.

Morality

It speaks of a code or system of behavior in regards to standards of right or wrong behavior.

Moral courage

Many ethicist believe that this is also important in carrying out moral decisions.

Determine the ethical issues

Moral issues should be correctly stated in terms of competing interests.

Human beings

Only they can possess or practice values such as love, honor, social relationships, forgiveness, compassion, and altruism.

Will

Schopenhauer believes that this is primary and uses knowledge in order to find an object that will satisfy its craving.

Lawrence Kohlberg

The American psychologist who is best known for his theory of stages of moral development.

Callatians

The Indian tribe who believed it was right to eat the dead.

Ethics

The branch of philosophy that studies morality or the rightness or wrongness of human conduct.

Arthur Schopenhauer

The german philosopher who explained that when we become conscious of ourselves, we recognize that our essential qualities are endless urging, craving, striving, wanting and desiring.

Self discipline

The giving up of instant pleasure and satisfaction for a higher and better goal such as executing a good rational moral decision.

Gather these facts

The indispensable first step prior to any ethical analysis and reflection on the case.

Will power

The inner strength to make a decision, take action, and handle and execute any aim or task until it is accomplished, regardless of inner and outer resistance, discomfort or difficulties.

Piaget's storytelling technique

The kind of technique used by Kohlberg to tell stories involving moral dilemmas.

James Rachels

The late philosopher professor who made a compelling assessment of cultural relativism.

Stage 1: Respect for Power and Punishment

The motto in this particular stage in Kohlberg's stages of moral development seems to be: "might makes right."

C.S. Lewis

The philosopher who claims that morality belongs to the same class as mathematics.

Social learning

The process by which individuals acquire knowledge from others in the groups to which they belong, as a normal part of childhood.

Conscience

The quiet voice within us which when disregarded may lead to feelings of inadequacy, guilt and diminished personal integrity.

Identify the principles that have a bearing on the case

The step when one decides whether some principles are to be weighed more heavily than others.

Assess/Weigh the consequences

The step where both positive and negative consequences are to be considered.

Culture

The sum total of the learned behavior of a group of people that are generally considered to be the tradition of that people and are transmitted from generation to generation.

Convention

The usual or customary ways through which things are done within a group.

Personal dilemma

These are moral dilemmas that are experienced and resolved on the individual level.

Dispositions

These are particular kinds of properties or characteristics that objects can possess.

Non-moral standards

These are rules that are unrelated to moral or ethical considerations.

Emotions

These can be rational in being based at least sometimes on good judgements about how well a circumstance or agent accomplishes appropriate objectives.

Organizational dilemma

These refer to ethical cases encountered and resolved by social organizations.

Structural dilemma

These refers to cases involving network of instructions and operative theoretical paradigms.

Rules

These tells us what is or what is not allowed in a particular context or situation.

Moral dilemmas

These type of dilemmas involved situations in which a difficult choice has to be made between two courses of action, either of which entails transgressing a moral principle.

Eskimos

They are popular for killing perfectly normal infants, especially girls.

Feelings

They are seen also necessary in ethical judgement as they are even deemed by some as instinctive and trained response to moral dilemmas.

Cultural relativists

They base their moral theory on the observation that societies fundamentally disagree about ethical issues.

Parents

They exhibit will power by putting aside compelling but momentary pleasures or comforts in order to set a good example for their children.

Subjectivists

They hold that there is no such thing as objective right or real wrong.

Ethical subjectivism

This admits that moral judgements are 'truth bearers'.

Robot

This cannot be said to be moral for it has no freedom or choice but to work according to what is commanded based on its built-in program.

Logical positivism

This claims that any legitimate truth claim must be empirically verifiable.

Ethical subjectivism

This holds that the truth or falsity of ethical propositions is dependent on feelings, attitudes, or standards of a person or group of persons.

Subjectivism

This interprets ethical sentences as statements of fact, particularly as reports of the speaker's attitude.

List the alternatives

This involves coming ip with various alternative courses of action as part of the creative thinking.

Compare alternatives with principles

This involves eliminating alternatives according to the moral principles that have a bearing on the case.

Bad moral character

This is a disposition to do vicious deeds.

Vice

This is a moral character trait for which the agent is deserving of a negative reactive attitude, such as resentment or blame.

Culture

This is a way of life of a group of people.

Hiya

This is described as a feeling of lowliness, shame or embarrassment, and inhibition or shyness which is experienced as somewhat distressing.

Will

This is important as one of the distinct parts of the mind, along with reason and understanding.

Agent

This is morally responsible for having the moral character trait itself or for the outcome of that trait.

Socialization

This is the process by which infants and children socially learn the culture.

Make a decision

This part of the model is done after deliberation.

Moral character

This refers to the existence or lack of virtues such as integrity, courage, fortitude, honesty, and loyalty.

Hospitality

This refers to the innate ability and trait of Filipinos to be courteous and entertaining to their guests.

Confucianism

This religion focuses on the cultivation of virtue and maintenance of morality.

Emotivism

This theory basically states that moral judgements express positive or negative feelings.

Emotivism

This theory was developed chiefly by Stevenson and has been one of the most influential theories of Ethics in the 20th century.

Hiya

Too much of this may lead to having inferiority complex and losing self-confidence.