Identification in ethics
Aristotle
A philosopher who held that the function of human being consist in activities which manifest the best states of his rational aspect, that is, the virtues.
Do mental strength training
Declining to satisfy unimportant and unnecessary desires is one example of this method in developing will and moral courage.
SIR
In Philippine culture, this is principally supported by and anchored on at least six basic Filipino values.
Yi
In confucianism, it is the upholding of righteousness and the disposition to do good.
Level III: Post Conventional Morality
In this level of morality, people recognize that rules represent agreements among many individuals about appropriate behavior.
Ethicists
Individuals who conclude that being good involves both thinking and feeling.
Moral relativism
It believes that no act is good or bad objectively.
Self control
It encompasses endowing the inner stregnth to focus all the energy on a moral goal and persevere until it is accomplished.
Ren
It is an obligation of altruism and humaneness for other individuals.
Cultural relativism
It is perhaps the most famous form of moral relativism.
Western ethics
It places more emphasis on law and justice.
Morality
It speaks of a code or system of behavior in regards to standards of right or wrong behavior.
Moral courage
Many ethicist believe that this is also important in carrying out moral decisions.
Determine the ethical issues
Moral issues should be correctly stated in terms of competing interests.
Human beings
Only they can possess or practice values such as love, honor, social relationships, forgiveness, compassion, and altruism.
Will
Schopenhauer believes that this is primary and uses knowledge in order to find an object that will satisfy its craving.
Lawrence Kohlberg
The American psychologist who is best known for his theory of stages of moral development.
Callatians
The Indian tribe who believed it was right to eat the dead.
Ethics
The branch of philosophy that studies morality or the rightness or wrongness of human conduct.
Arthur Schopenhauer
The german philosopher who explained that when we become conscious of ourselves, we recognize that our essential qualities are endless urging, craving, striving, wanting and desiring.
Self discipline
The giving up of instant pleasure and satisfaction for a higher and better goal such as executing a good rational moral decision.
Gather these facts
The indispensable first step prior to any ethical analysis and reflection on the case.
Will power
The inner strength to make a decision, take action, and handle and execute any aim or task until it is accomplished, regardless of inner and outer resistance, discomfort or difficulties.
Piaget's storytelling technique
The kind of technique used by Kohlberg to tell stories involving moral dilemmas.
James Rachels
The late philosopher professor who made a compelling assessment of cultural relativism.
Stage 1: Respect for Power and Punishment
The motto in this particular stage in Kohlberg's stages of moral development seems to be: "might makes right."
C.S. Lewis
The philosopher who claims that morality belongs to the same class as mathematics.
Social learning
The process by which individuals acquire knowledge from others in the groups to which they belong, as a normal part of childhood.
Conscience
The quiet voice within us which when disregarded may lead to feelings of inadequacy, guilt and diminished personal integrity.
Identify the principles that have a bearing on the case
The step when one decides whether some principles are to be weighed more heavily than others.
Assess/Weigh the consequences
The step where both positive and negative consequences are to be considered.
Culture
The sum total of the learned behavior of a group of people that are generally considered to be the tradition of that people and are transmitted from generation to generation.
Convention
The usual or customary ways through which things are done within a group.
Personal dilemma
These are moral dilemmas that are experienced and resolved on the individual level.
Dispositions
These are particular kinds of properties or characteristics that objects can possess.
Non-moral standards
These are rules that are unrelated to moral or ethical considerations.
Emotions
These can be rational in being based at least sometimes on good judgements about how well a circumstance or agent accomplishes appropriate objectives.
Organizational dilemma
These refer to ethical cases encountered and resolved by social organizations.
Structural dilemma
These refers to cases involving network of instructions and operative theoretical paradigms.
Rules
These tells us what is or what is not allowed in a particular context or situation.
Moral dilemmas
These type of dilemmas involved situations in which a difficult choice has to be made between two courses of action, either of which entails transgressing a moral principle.
Eskimos
They are popular for killing perfectly normal infants, especially girls.
Feelings
They are seen also necessary in ethical judgement as they are even deemed by some as instinctive and trained response to moral dilemmas.
Cultural relativists
They base their moral theory on the observation that societies fundamentally disagree about ethical issues.
Parents
They exhibit will power by putting aside compelling but momentary pleasures or comforts in order to set a good example for their children.
Subjectivists
They hold that there is no such thing as objective right or real wrong.
Ethical subjectivism
This admits that moral judgements are 'truth bearers'.
Robot
This cannot be said to be moral for it has no freedom or choice but to work according to what is commanded based on its built-in program.
Logical positivism
This claims that any legitimate truth claim must be empirically verifiable.
Ethical subjectivism
This holds that the truth or falsity of ethical propositions is dependent on feelings, attitudes, or standards of a person or group of persons.
Subjectivism
This interprets ethical sentences as statements of fact, particularly as reports of the speaker's attitude.
List the alternatives
This involves coming ip with various alternative courses of action as part of the creative thinking.
Compare alternatives with principles
This involves eliminating alternatives according to the moral principles that have a bearing on the case.
Bad moral character
This is a disposition to do vicious deeds.
Vice
This is a moral character trait for which the agent is deserving of a negative reactive attitude, such as resentment or blame.
Culture
This is a way of life of a group of people.
Hiya
This is described as a feeling of lowliness, shame or embarrassment, and inhibition or shyness which is experienced as somewhat distressing.
Will
This is important as one of the distinct parts of the mind, along with reason and understanding.
Agent
This is morally responsible for having the moral character trait itself or for the outcome of that trait.
Socialization
This is the process by which infants and children socially learn the culture.
Make a decision
This part of the model is done after deliberation.
Moral character
This refers to the existence or lack of virtues such as integrity, courage, fortitude, honesty, and loyalty.
Hospitality
This refers to the innate ability and trait of Filipinos to be courteous and entertaining to their guests.
Confucianism
This religion focuses on the cultivation of virtue and maintenance of morality.
Emotivism
This theory basically states that moral judgements express positive or negative feelings.
Emotivism
This theory was developed chiefly by Stevenson and has been one of the most influential theories of Ethics in the 20th century.
Hiya
Too much of this may lead to having inferiority complex and losing self-confidence.