Identifying and Applying Patterns of Development

Choose an issue on the college campus and write a two-page letter to the college administration that explains the problem. Be sure to use at least three concrete examples from your experiences on campus that demonstrate its significance and the importance of its resolution. This letter should be completed by this Friday so it can be sent on Monday and read in time for the administrators' meeting a week from this Friday. What word or phrase gives a clue to the topic of this writing assignment?

"an issue on the college campus"

Which sentences support this topic sentence written by a student? Select all that apply.

Although I had learned some English in school, at first I found it difficult to communicate. I wanted to fit in so I rejected my old cultural traditions.

Read this paragraph adapted from a communications textbook. Then, highlight the text that most directly shows the author's intended audience.

As future business leaders

Which is the most effective paraphrase of the passage, excerpted from page 6 of Using Information Technology by Brian Williams and Stacey Sawyer? Employees in company training programs may find themselves engaged in mock conversations with avatars—computer depictions of humans, as are often found in online video games. The avatars represent imaginary customers and coworkers, combining the best parts of computer-based learning with face-to-face interaction.

As part of their training, workers may interact with avatars, much like the figures used in video games, to role-play conversations with clients or colleagues, an education method that melds the advantages of computer-based learning and in-person communication (Williams and Sawyer 6).

Read this paragraph. Then, highlight the sentences that are supporting details.

Because journalists, television reporters, and other media personnel are not usually trained in psychological research, they often have trouble sorting through the widely varying material they find and making sound decisions about the best information to present to the public. In addition, the media often focus on sensationalistic and dramatic psychological findings to capture public attention. They tend to go beyond what actual research articles and clinical findings really say.

The Old Man and His Grandson There was once a very old man, whose eyes had become dim, his ears dull of hearing, his knees trembled, and when he sat at table he could hardly hold the spoon, and spilt the broth upon the table-cloth or let it run out of his mouth. His son and his son's wife were disgusted at this, so the old grandfather at last had to sit in the corner behind the stove, and they gave him his food in an earthenware bowl, and not even enough of it. And he used to look towards the table with his eyes full of tears. Once, too, his trembling hands could not hold the bowl, and it fell to the ground and broke. The young wife scolded him, but he said nothing and only sighed. Then they brought him a wooden bowl for a few half-pence, out of which he had to eat. They were once sitting thus when the little grandson of four years old began to gather together some bits of wood upon the ground. "What are you doing there?" asked the father. "I am making a little trough," answered the child, "for father and mother to eat out of when I am big." The man and his wife looked at each other for a while, and presently began to cry. Then they took the old grandfather to the table, and henceforth always let him eat with them, and likewise said nothing if he did spill a little of anything. Source: Excerpt from Grimm, J. L. C., and W. C. Grimm, "The Old Man and His Grandson," Grimms' Fairy Tales, English translation in 2004 by Collector's Library. This was first published in German in 1812. This narrative relates a series of events to make a specific point. Arrange the events in the order in which they occur in the story.

FirstThe old man spills the broth upon the table-cloth or lets it run out of his mouth. Second The old man has to sit and eat in the corner behind the stove Third The old man drops and breaks the earthenware bowl. Fourth The old man has to eat out of a wooden bowl. Fifth The grandson makes a wooden trough for his parents to eat out of. Sixth The old man is allowed to eat with the family in peace.

Consider this passage from a health textbook. Then, answer the question. Ask ten people what health is, and you'll probably get ten different answers. The truth is that the word health means different things to different people. If you throw in the terms wellness and physical fitness, the definitions may get even trickier. To gain a sound understanding of your own health and wellness, it's essential to clarify these concepts and to learn about the factors that influence them. Source: Liguori, Gary, and Sandra Carroll-Cobb, Questions and Answers: A Guide to Fitness and Wellness. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education, 2013, p. 2, 5, 7, 9, 10, 11, 148, 286, 347, 348, 349, 350, 369, 425, 427. Copyright ©2013 McGraw-Hill Education. All rights reserved. Used with permission. What are reasonable inferences from this passage? Select all that apply.

Gaining a sound understanding of your own health and wellness will help you to be healthy. In the last sentence, having a "sound" understanding means knowing your own priorities.

Given the rise of technology in the classroom, we are faced with a dilemma: Does technology provide our students with the experience they need to succeed, or does it hinder them from developing valuable skills that are only attainable through human interaction? Full access to technology, including computers and the Internet, enables students to become self-directed learners. By using technology, students develop the research and analysis skills they'll need later in life, rather than depending on teachers or textbooks for knowledge and direction. Source: Rosenberg, James, "Technology in the Classroom: Friend or Foe?" Huffington Post, October 26, 2012. Copyright ©2012 James Rosenberg. All rights reserved. Used with permission. Highlight the sentence that states the debatable issue.

Given the rise of technology in the classroom, we are faced with a dilemma: Does technology provide our students with the experience they need to succeed, or does it hinder them from developing valuable skills that are only attainable through human interaction?

Although "sexting"—defined as sending or receiving sexually suggestive, nearly nude, or nude photos by text message or email—does not involve physical contact, it has led to problems for many, from teens to prominent politicians. A 2006 study brought significant attention to the problem, finding that one in five teens had sexted. Although most reported sending "sexts" to boyfriends or girlfriends, more than 10 percent reported sending them to strangers! A more recent study suggests that sexting is even more common among college students. The study found that about two-thirds of students reported sending sexually explicit texts to their relationship partners, with more than half sending explicit pictures or videos. Another study that did not limit questions to committed relationship partners found similarly high rates. This study also found that many students forwarded sexually explicit messages to others for whom they were not intended. The concept of sexting is inherently wrong by almost any ethical standard, but laws in some states now make it illegal to send or forward sexually explicit images. Source: Corbin, Charles, et al. Concepts of Fitness and Wellness: A Comprehensive Lifestyle Approach. 10th ed., McGraw Educ., 2013. Which question best states the debatable issue that this passage addresses?

How widespread and how potentially problematic is the activity of sexting?

You are writing an e-mail to your instructor to tell them you are having trouble with an assignment. Which sentence appropriately expresses the idea that you are frustrated and in need of help?

I'm stumped by this assignment.

Read the passage that is shown. Which sentence in the passage is a clue that it uses the process pattern of development? Getting Started with Meditation Would you like to experience the meditative state? If so, you can probably reach that state by following some simple instructions: Find a quiet place and a comfortable chair. Sit upright in the chair, rest your chin comfortably on your chest, and place your arms in your lap. Close your eyes. Now focus on your breathing. Every time you inhale and every time you exhale, pay attention to the sensations of air flowing through your body, the feeling of your lungs filling and emptying. After you have focused on several breaths, begin to repeat silently to yourself a single word every time you breathe out . . . Experiment with several different words to see which one works for you. If you find that thoughts are intruding and you are no longer attending to your breathing, refocus on your breathing and say your chosen word each time you exhale . . . If you notice that you are experiencing stressful thoughts or circumstances, simply meditate, on the spot, for several minutes. If you are in public, you do not have to close your eyes; just fix your gaze on a nearby object, attend to your breathing, and say your word silently every time you exhale.

If so, you can probably reach that state by following some simple instructions.

Global Trends in Family Life Despite the diversity of family types around the world, several large-scale trends can be identified in many parts of the world in recent years, though they are by no means universal or uniform in their progress. These trends are: Families are getting smaller. In preindustrial societies, large families can be beneficial since they provide labor to work the land and otherwise contribute to the family's sustenance. As societies industrialize, however, a large family can become an economic burden, representing more mouths to feed with little economic return. Such economic incentives, coupled with greater access to contraception, have contributed to smaller families. Extended families are less common. As more of the world industrializes and as some regions become more affluent, more people can afford smaller households and the privacy they offer. As a result, the nuclear family household has been replacing extended family households. Open-mate selection is growing. Increasingly, the world's societies are moving away from arranged marriages, and some of the ethnic, racial, religious, and other boundaries that once limited mate selection are eroding. Instead, individual freedom in choosing a mate is growing. Women are waiting longer to get married. Often women postpone marriage in order to continue their education or to work outside the home. This delay contributes to smaller family size. People spend fewer years being married. Cohabitation and divorce rates are rising; as a result, people today are spending a smaller portion of their lives married than in the past. More women are joining the paid labor force. This increased economic independence for women has likely been a factor fueling some of the other changes in marriage and family life, including smaller families. Families increasingly include more elderly members. Advances in health information and medical treatment have prolonged human life, resulting in an increasingly large number of elderly people, some of whom require special care from family members. Which examples of background knowledge would best help you to understand the passage? Select all that apply.

In arranged marriages, parents often choose their child's spouse for reasons other than romantic love. An extended family consists of a parent or parents, one or more children, and grandparents or other relatives. In a preindustrial society, people hunt for their food or work on farms.

You see an article saying that much of the problem of obesity in America relates to the fact that Americans are too worried about what they eat and drink and not worried enough about exercising. The article states that it is exercise, and not diet, that primarily influences weight gain. You look at the acknowledgments and footnotes, and learn the following: This article, published last year, is from a nonprofit organization. The organization is partially supported by soft-drink companies. It is run by scientists who are professors in public health at major research universities and who have long researched weight loss and weight gain. These scientists are also the authors of the information. what question might you have related to credibility?

Might the organization associated with the article have a reason for not being objective on the topic?

Psychological Disorders (1) Cho Seung-Hui, a 23-year-old college student, murdered 32 students and faculty at Virginia Tech University in April 2007 before killing himself. (2) The widely reported fact that Cho had struggled with psychological disorders throughout his life may have reinforced the notion that individuals with disorders are dangerous. (3) In fact, however, people with psychological disorders (especially those in treatment) are no more likely to commit violent acts than the general population. (4) Cho was no more representative of people with psychological disorders than he was representative of students at Virginia Tech. Source: King, Laura. Experience Psychology. 2nd ed., McGraw Educ., 2013. What is a reasonable conclusion to draw from this paragraph?

People should not automatically assume that people with psychological disorders are dangerous.

(1) Although "sexting"—defined as sending or receiving sexually suggestive, nearly nude, or nude photos by text message or email—does not involve physical contact, it has led to problems for many, from teens to prominent politicians. (2) A 2006 study brought significant attention to the problem, finding that one in five teens had sexted. (3) Although most reported sending "sexts" to boyfriends or girlfriends, more than 10 percent reported sending them to strangers! (4) A more recent study suggests that sexting is even more common among college students. (5) The study found that about two-thirds of students reported sending sexually explicit texts to their relationship partners, with more than half sending explicit pictures or videos. (6) Another study that did not limit questions to committed relationship partners found similarly high rates. (7) This study also found that many students forwarded sexually explicit messages to others for whom they were not intended. (8) The concept of sexting is inherently wrong by almost any ethical standard, but laws in some states now make it illegal to send or forward sexually explicit images. Source: Corbin, Charles, et al. Concepts of Fitness and Wellness: A Comprehensive Lifestyle Approach. 10th ed., McGraw Educ., 2013. Which sentence in the passage states the authors' argument or thesis?

S1

1) We can save lives by passing a state law requiring all bicycle riders to wear helmets. (2) Surveys show that the top reasons for leaving off a helmet include the discomfort of the straps and concerns about appearance. (3) However, a national bicycling group has discovered that helmet use is much greater in states with helmet laws. (4) Furthermore, a recent study by an organization of emergency-room doctors, which found that the majority of bicyclists who die from injuries in bike accidents were not wearing helmets, confirms that helmets save lives.

S2

Which of these questions are debatable issues that an author today could use as the subject for an argument? Select all that apply.

Should smoking be banned? What effects does immigration have on the U.S. economy? What effect does class size have on learning for elementary school students?

Psychological Disorders (1) Cho Seung-Hui, a 23-year-old college student, murdered 32 students and faculty at Virginia Tech University in April 2007 before killing himself. (2) The widely reported fact that Cho had struggled with psychological disorders throughout his life may have reinforced the notion that individuals with disorders are dangerous. (3) In fact, however, people with psychological disorders (especially those in treatment) are no more likely to commit violent acts than the general population. (4) Cho was no more representative of people with psychological disorders than he was representative of students at Virginia Tech. Source: King, Laura. Experience Psychology. 2nd ed., McGraw Educ., 2013. What are reasonable inferences to make about the author's reason for including the phrase "especially those in treatment" in sentence 3? Select all that apply.

Someone with a psychological disorder who is in treatment is probably safer than someone with an undiagnosed psychological disorder. People in treatment are also likely in recovery.

Which of these statements accurately describe a thesis? Select all that apply.

Sometimes, the thesis might appear at the end of a text as a summary or conclusion. The thesis might appear early in a selection as an introduction. A text's thesis is related to its topic sentences.

Read this paragraph. Then, answer the question. Spirituality is sometimes considered a controversial part of wellness models, because it touches on issues or beliefs that some people prefer to keep private and that other people feel compelled to share—or at times to press upon others. Even if talking about spirituality or specific religious issues can occasionally make people uncomfortable, spirituality is not a topic to be avoided or a less important part of personal wellness. The fact that many people become so impassioned about spiritual matters speaks to the relevance of spirituality in their lives. Regardless of the controversies and your specific beliefs, spirituality—however you may express it in your own life—is an essential part of your overall well-being. The values, beliefs, and principles you live by are an indispensable part of the whole you. As the noted neurologist and psychiatrist Viktor E. Frankl observed, "The spiritual dimension cannot be ignored, for it is what makes us human." Which of these choices best expresses the topic of the paragraph?

Spirituality is sometimes considered a controversial part of wellness models.

Why Did the Chicken Cross the Möbius Strip? Ask anyone over the age of three why the chicken crossed the road, and you will immediately get the response: "to get to the other side." Ask the question in the title (Why did the chicken cross the Möbius strip?), and you will get a far different response: "What is a Möbius strip?" The answer is that the Möbius strip is an example of a nonorientable surface. It is a seemingly impossible object of great interest to mathematicians, yet a person can hold it in the palm of one hand. To understand the Möbius strip, a person must know what a nonorientable surface is, which means first knowing the definition of a surface.

The author knows that the audience requires basic information about the key terms he uses in describing the topic.

Highlight the thesis in this introductory paragraph adapted from "The Portrayal of Women in Advertising: Does Erving Goffman's Analysis of Advertisements Still Apply Today?" by Maria Lazaro.

The exploitation of women has been the driving force of the advertising industry since the beginning in both men and women's magazines, although the level in which women have been exploited has changed dramatically, portraying them as sexual objects that lack any individual identity.

Which of the options would be credible evidence to support this thesis? Select all that apply. Plants in tropical rainforests are valuable sources of medicines.

a U.S. government list of 125 useful medicines recently developed from tropical rainforest plants a New York Times article about a new drug produced from a tropical plant that is saving the lives of patients worldwide who suffer from a serious illness

If you were writing about the ways in which recent state budget cuts are harming the quality of education in the United States, which of these types of evidence would be the most credible?

a quotation on a government website by an accreditation agency that links decreasing test scores with decreasing resources resulting from recent state budget cuts

Select all that apply Here are two opposing views as to whether it should be a crime to burn the flag of the United States of America. Read this passage. Then, answer the question. We enjoy a greater measure of liberty and justice and equality than any other country in human history. There is one symbol that above all others encapsulates that hope, that freedom, our history and our values, and that is the American flag. From the time we are schoolchildren, we honor our flag and all it stands for. In times of crisis, raising those Stars and Stripes has symbolized our unity, our perseverance as a nation, as a people. Whether it is the marines struggling to plant the flag on Iwo Jima or firefighters lifting the flag above the ruins of the World Trade Center, it is that flag which inspires us to great acts of heroism, of courage, of strength. Unfortunately, however, there are no laws on the books to stop anyone from destroying this cherished symbol. Today, we have a new opportunity to change that and to honor the wishes of the American people. We are a nation founded on principles. Our flag is what binds us to those principles, to one another; it is that physical symbol of our values, liberty, justice, freedom, and independence. It commands our loyalty. To countless people around the world, the red, white, and blue represents the highest of human ideals—freedom. I know we have heard again and again through the media the whole issue about flag burning being protected as an exercise of free speech. But is defacing a government building free speech? Do we let our monuments be vandalized? Clearly, the answer is no. I believe that our American flag deserves the same respect. —Bill Frist, U.S. senator (R-Tenn.) Let me make one thing clear at the outset. Not a single senator who opposes the proposed constitutional amendment, as I do, supports burning or otherwise showing disrespect to the flag. Not a single one. None of us think it is "OK" to burn the flag. None of us view the flag as "just a piece of cloth." On those rare occasions when some malcontent defiles or burns our flag, I join everyone in this Chamber in condemning that action. But we must also defend the right of all Americans to express their views about their government, however hateful or spiteful or disrespectful those views may be, without fear of their government putting them in jail for those views. America is not simply a nation of symbols, it is a nation of principles. And the most important principle of all, the principle that has made this country a beacon of hope and inspiration for oppressed peoples throughout the world, is the right of free expression. This amendment threatens that right, so I must oppose it. We have heard at various times over the years that this amendment has been debated that permitting protesters to burn the American flag sends the wrong message to our children about patriotism and respect for our country. I couldn't disagree more with that argument. We can send no better, no stronger, no more meaningful message to our children about the principles and the values of this country than if we oppose efforts to undermine freedom of expression, even expression that is undeniably offensive. —Russell Feingold, U.S. senator (D-Wisc.) Source: Patterson, Thomas. The American Democracy. 11th ed., McGraw Educ., 2013. This is an excerpt from some freewriting that was done in response to the senators' positions on flag burning. What kinds of response are illustrated by this freewriting excerpt? Select all that apply. My dad is usually in favor of free speech, but he hates flag burning and wants Congress to pass a law against it. He served in the military, and the flag is very sacred to him. I don't think I've seen any examples of flag burning in the news. Who does this, anyway? Also, I've heard that the proper way to dispose of a flag is to burn it. Is that true? So how could anyone be sure why someone was burning a flag?

asking questions about the issue connecting a reading to personal experience

Drag each definition to the appropriate category based on whether the definition contains the connotation or the denotation of a word.

denotationhome": a place where a person or a family lives family": a group of people that are related by parentage or marriage connotation family": a group of people that feel a strong emotional connection with each other, regardless of parentage home": a place of an emotional foundation, where a person feels safe and secure

Which of these options would use the process pattern of development? Select all that apply.

directions on how to fold an origami bird a recipe for making banana cream pie instructions for building a house

Spirituality is sometimes considered a controversial part of wellness models, because it touches on issues or beliefs that some people prefer to keep private and that other people feel compelled to share—or at times to press upon others. Even if talking about spirituality or specific religious issues can occasionally make people uncomfortable, spirituality is not a topic to be avoided or a less important part of personal wellness. The fact that many people become so impassioned about spiritual matters speaks to the relevance of spirituality in their lives. Regardless of the controversies and your specific beliefs, spirituality—however you may express it in your own life—is an essential part of your overall well-being. The values, beliefs, and principles you live by are an indispensable part of the whole you. As the noted neurologist and psychiatrist Viktor E. Frankl observed, "The spiritual dimension cannot be ignored, for it is what makes us human." Which of these details help support the relevance of the topic by explaining why it is controversial? Select all that apply.

issues or beliefs . . . that other people feel compelled to share—or at times to press upon others issues or beliefs that some people prefer to keep private a topic to be avoided or a less important part of personal wellness

Which transitions are clues that a text is an example of process writing? Select all that apply.

lastly the first step next then

First, read this passage. Then, drag each example to the appropriate category based on whether it illustrates loss-prevention programs or devices to prevent shoplifting. A firm can reduce risk by establishing loss-prevention programs such as fire drills, health education, safety inspections, equipment maintenance, accident prevention programs, and so on. Many retail stores use mirrors, video cameras, and other devices to prevent shoplifting. Water sprinklers and smoke detectors minimize fire loss. Most industrial machines have safety devices to protect workers' fingers, eyes, and so on. After a terrorist attack in Mumbai, India, one hotel owner added luggage scanners, metal detectors, and more security cameras to his 20 hotels in India.

loss-prevention programs: fire drills loss-prevention programs Drop zone 2 of 4 health education correct Toggle Button Unavailable. health education loss-prevention programs Drop zone 3 of 4 safety inspections correct Toggle Button Unavailable. safety inspections loss-prevention programs Drop zone 4 of 4 equipment maintenance correct Toggle Button Unavailable. equipment maintenance devices to prevent shoplifting: mirrors, video camera

Highlight the topic in this sentence.

outsourcing

Who are the intended audiences for this passage? Select all that apply. You may have come across advertisements on the web promoting reading "systems" that promise to teach you to read so quickly that you'll be reading entire books in an hour and whizzing through assigned readings in a few minutes. Unfortunately, it's not going to happen. For one thing, certain biological facts relating to the eye movements involved in reading simply prevent people from reading (and comprehending) so rapidly. Research has shown that claims of speed reading are simply groundless; it is unlikely that any system will overcome the built-in limitations of the human eye.

people who want to read more quickly the general public

Read this thesis. Then, drag the evidence provided to the correct category based on whether it is relevant to the thesis or not relevant to it. Because of an increase in the number of elementary-school-age children, many school districts in the United States will continue to have a difficult time building the schools and providing the teachers needed to keep up with the trend.

relevant The National Center for Education Statistics reports that enrollment in public and private elementary schools is expected to keep rising for the foreseeable future not relevant According to the United States Census Bureau, 86% of the population 25 years of age or older are high school graduates, while 28% have a bachelor's degree. The National Center for Education Statistics states that children whose parents had at least a high school diploma were more likely to read to their children than those parents who did not. The National Center for Education Statistics reports that enrollment in elementary schools grew rapidly in the 1960s.

Consider this paragraph about ways to address environmental issues. Then, from the choices listed, select the topic sentence in the paragraph. (1) It is easy to become discouraged when considering the world's many environmental problems, but do not lose track of the single most important conclusion that emerges from our examination of these problems—the fact that each is solvable. (2) A polluted lake can be cleaned; a dirty smokestack can be altered to remove noxious gas; waste of key resources can be stopped. (3) What is required is a clear understanding of the problem and a commitment to doing something about it. (4) The extent to which U.S. families recycle aluminum cans and newspapers is evidence of the degree to which people want to become part of the solution, rather than part of the problem.

sentence 1

Which sentences in this paragraph include examples that support the generalization that women worldwide suffer from limitations on their civil rights? Select all that apply. (1) Women in many countries experience significant suppression of their civil rights. (2) They may have no right to vote, to dress as they please, or to divorce. (3) Even the slightest hint of premarital sex or adultery can lead to their death by a family member; this is referred to as "honor killing." (4) Some women and girls as young as 10 years old are sold by their parents into pornography or to be used as sex slaves.

sentence 2 sentence 3 sentence 4

1) People are more likely to give money to protect cute endangered animals than to save ugly species. (2) According to a spokesperson for our local zoo, "Fund-raisers to save adorable, fuzzy pandas can raise thousands of dollars." (3) Zoos in this country raise millions of dollars for their operation each year by hosting fund-raising events such as concerts. (4) A recent study shows that the vast majority of conservation funds go to just five popular mammals. (5) Rarely is money targeted to save less lovable animals such as snakes, spiders, and bugs.

sentence 3

Thesis: Legalizing marijuana will increase tax revenues for the state while helping to reduce prison overcrowding. Relevant evidence to support the thesis would include _____.

statistics about increased tax revenue resulting from marijuana legalization

Which of the options would provide relevant evidence for this thesis? Select all that apply. Today's graphic novels tell a broader range of stories than the comic books of previous generations did.

statistics from a large publisher of comics and graphic novels on changes over time in the types of stories told a summary of a historical study of the content of comics and graphic novels over various decades

If you were writing about the need to increase the minimum driving age in your state, which of these types of evidence would be most likely to be adequate?

statistics from the state government indicating the high numbers of teenage drivers involved in accidents in recent years

Complete this sentence with the word that is most likely to offend your roommate. As soon as I entered the hallway, the ______ of my roommate's cooking hit me.

stench

Since 1900, life expectancy has nearly doubled, due largely to the development of vaccines and antibiotics to fight infections, and to public health measures such as water purification and sewage treatment. But even though life expectancy has increased, poor health will limit most Americans' activities during the last 15% of their lives, resulting in some sort of impaired life. Source: Insel, Paul, and Walton Roth. Connect Core Concepts in Health. 13th ed., McGraw Educ., 2014. Read this quotation from the passage. "But even though life expectancy is higher than ever, poor health will limit most Americans' activities during the last 15% of their lives, resulting in some disability" (Insel and Roth 6). By offering this information, Insel and Roth remind Americans to do what they can to prevent poor health during the last part of their lives. A problem with this quotation is that _____.

the quotation does not use the exact words of the original

Read the paragraph that is shown. What aspects of the Old Order Amish lifestyle are described in specific, concrete detail in this passage? Select all that apply. The Old Order Amish of the midwestern and northeastern United States belong to a strict religious sect that explicitly rejects modern aspects of life. The Amish separate themselves from mainstream society and travel by horse and buggy. The women wear bonnets, and the men sport beards, dark clothes, and dark brimmed hats. The Amish farm without modern machinery and dedicate their lives to simplicity—without radios, TVs, CDs, DVDs, iPods, smartphones, washing machines, and cars.

their clothing the types of modern machines they reject the kind of transportation they use

People spend too much time texting and instant messaging instead of communicating face to face. In one paragraph, convince your instructor why you agree or disagree with this observation. According to the writing prompt, what is the purpose of the writing?

to persuade

Choose an issue on the college campus and write a two-page letter to the college administration that explains the problem. Be sure to use at least three concrete examples from your experiences on campus that demonstrate its significance and the importance of its resolution. This letter should be completed by this Friday so it can be sent on Monday and read in time for the administrators' meeting a week from this Friday. Select the word or words that indicate the audience for this writing assignment.

to the college administration"

Which clues help readers identify an author's intended audience?

topic of the writing, type of language used, and author's purpose

Eating Disorders and the Pressure to Be Attractive Because of the pressure to be attractive, and because being attractive often means being thin, an alarming number of people suffer from eating disorders. The U.S. National Institute of Mental Health identifies two major types of eating disorders: anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Anorexia nervosa derives from the desire to be as thin as possible. People with anorexia pursue thinness relentlessly, through excessive dieting and exercise, self-induced vomiting, and the abuse of laxatives or diuretics. Anorexia is associated with major health risks, including low blood pressure, cardiac arrest, clinical depression, and suicide. Bulimia nervosa is characterized by bingeing on large quantities of food and then compensating for overeating by vomiting, abusing laxatives or diuretics, and/or fasting. Whereas people with anorexia are often excessively thin, people with bulimia are often of normal weight for their age and height. Bulimia elevates the risk of several health problems, including gastrointestinal disorders, clinical depression, and tooth decay (stemming from frequent purging). Even people without eating disorders can take extreme measures to achieve thinness. Some undergo a procedure called vertical banded gastroplasty—better known as stomach stapling—that surgically alters the stomach to restrict food intake so that they will lose weight. A different procedure called abdominoplasty—or a tummy tuck—surgically removes excess skin and fat from the abdomen to make a person appear thinner. Source: Floyd, Kory. Interpersonal Communication. 2nd ed., McGraw Educ., 2012. What phrase in the passage is a clue that the passage uses the division/classification pattern?

two major types

Which clues help readers identify the topic of a paragraph? Select all that apply.

words in bold, italics, or color headings repeated words or phrases

In which of these situations would it be appropriate to use slang? Select all that apply.

writing dialogue for a play texting a message to your friend