IHD

Bigby defined cultural competence as

The ability of health professionals and institutions to deliver effective services to diverse patient's populations

Differences in the incidence and prevalence of health conditions and health status between groups are commonly referred to as health disparaties

True

Government inaction related to a certain topic can be a statement of public policy. This statement is:

True

Providers whose patients are mostly European-American, US born and middle class still need to know about health practices from different world cultures

True

Provides equal opportunity to community members and academic researchers to participate in each stage of the research process is fundamental in CBPR

True

Writing newspapers columns about a specific social issue is a way to influence public policy. This statement is:

True

Environmental pollutants that can affect human health could be present in

Air, water, soil and food

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), environment is defined

All the physical, chemical, and biological factors external to a person, and all the related behaviors

Which of the following will constitute the most important challenge in addressing the issue of health disparities in the near future?

Availability of a working force with necessary set of competencies to address health disparities research

Which of the following statements is true with regards to Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD)?

Both disease share common socioeconomic and psychosocial factors

What is dataset?

Collection of standardized information about a group of patients who share a condition or experience

One of the following elements does not structure the individual dimension of diversity

Cultural competence

Why reducing health disparities have been a difficult task in spite of numerous efforts through the years?

Determinants for health disparities have not been studied simultaneously

What is the name of the scientific field that examines inheritable traits not caused by changes in the DNA code?

Epigenetics

Datasets are useful for patients because they:

Establish associations between determinants of health and disease status

A really conscientious health provider can eliminate his/her own prejudices or negative assumptions about certain kind of patients

False

According to USA Public Health Services the social determinants of health are mostly responsible for health inequities the unfair and avoidable in health status seen within and between countries

False

Cross-cultural misunderstandings between providers and patients can lead to mistrust and frustration but are unlikely to have an impact an objectively measured clinical outcomes

False

Dissemination and Implementation research is a pseudo-science

False

Epigenetic refers to the modification of genes that affects the DNA sequence itself

False

If a family member speaks English, as well as the patient's native language, and is willing to act as interpreter, this is the best possible solution of the problem of interpreting

False

In CBPR, it is recommended that community members are included in different phases of the research process except the study design which is elaborated by academic researchers?

False

In the US, Hispanics have higher prevalence of mental illness when compared to Non-Hispanic Whites

False

Information contained in dataset for health disparities research can only be obtain from Medical Records?

False

Minority and immigrant patients in the US who go to traditional healers and use traditional medicines generally avoid conventional Western treatments

False

Out of respect for patient's privacy, the provider should always begin a relationship by seeing an adult patient alone and drawing the family in as needed

False

Research has evidence reveals that poverty is not related to lower educational attainment. This statement is:

False

Scientific knowledge is the central base of the CBPR

False

Scientists have no role in the public policy process. This statement is:

False

Social determinants of health (SDOH) have a little impact on people's health, well-being, and quality of life

False

Some symbols- a positive nod of the head, a pointing finger, a thumbs up sign are universal and can help bridge the language gap

False

Statistics indicate that racial and ethnic minorities are generally poorer than whites and more likely to have family incomes below 0.2% of the federal poverty level

False

The epigenome is an inflexible structure that never changes

False

The most comprehensive definition of health is the one offered by the medical model

False

The purpose of implementation science is "to spread evidence-based interventions to the target audience"

False

The sociocultural definition of health takes into account the individual's perception of health

False

The term "determinants of health" refers to individual factors that have an impact on the health-related decisions made by individuals

False

When a patient who has not adhered to a treatment regimen states he/she cannot afford the medication prescribed, it is appropriate to assume the financial factors are indeed the real reason and not explore the situation further

False

Which of the following statements regarding epigenetics is False?

Genetic factors cause the organism's genes to behave (or express themselves) differently

One of the following is not a component of the internal dimension of diversity

Income

These are important socioeconomic factors contributing to both Cancer and CVD

Increased caloric intake and physical inactivity

According to the figure provided below, the major sources of air pollutants comes from

Industries and vehicles

Routes by which pollutants could be transferred to humans includes the following

Inhalation, ingestion and absorption

Which of the following is considered a factor associated with health disparities

Low health literacy, language barriers, cultural beliefs and practices

What compounds attach to genes to direct their expression as certain types of cells?

Methyl Groups

Which of the following is not an aspect that is included in the social determinants of health?

Number of iPads and tablets in your home

Accordingly to the Institutes of Medicine, the following elements are not associated with health disparities, except

Physician's bias

The ______________, are the conditions in the environments where people are born, live, learn, work, play, worship, and age that affect a wide range of health, functioning, and quality-of-life outcomes and risks

Social determinantes

Environmental health is defined by

The study of factos or pollutants in the environment (outdoor or indoor) that affect human health

Which of the following will contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of health diaprities?

Transdisciplinary and multilevel research approaches

According to data published by the Center of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Hispanic children and adolescents have a higher incidence of Type 2 Diabetes when compared to Non-Hispanic Whites

True

According to the World Health Organization (WHO), health is "a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being"

True

According to the medical model's definition of health, an individual is healthy is he/she is free of symptoms and/or physical signs

True

According to the presentation and aligned to Martin Luther King's quote, health is a social justice issue

True

An example of a definition of health as a multidimensional concepto is The World Health Organization's definition of health

True

Black/African American people account for a higher proportion of new HIV diagnoses and people with HIV, compared to other races and ethnicities

True

CBPR promotes power-sharing processes in order to attend to social inequities

True

Healthcare costs in the US have increased drastically in the past 60 years

True

Modesty is very important on the Islamic tradition

True

Researchers can initiate their own research-driven datasets on specific groups of patients

True

Social determinants of health are among the key factors affecting the pathogenesis of diseases

True

The following is a topic related to dissemination science: "the use of clinical guidelines in decision making and practice"

True

The following is a topic related to implementation science: "studies on the factors contributing to sustainability of interventions in clinical practice"

True

The intervention programs to address health disparity issues are best accepted by the community when had been created under CBPR

True

The lag from research discovery to the application of this knowledge take approximately 17 years

True

The social determinants of health are mostly responsible for health inequities. This statement is:

True

When the patient and provider come from different cultural backgrounds, the medical history obtained may not be accurate

True

According to the NIH, the following situations are affected when considering health disparities, except:

What are the people clinical preferences

Should patients know their information will be included in a dataset?

Yes