Immunity Inflammation Infection PrepU

The parent of a child with celiac disease asks, "How long must he stay on this diet?" Which response by the nurse is best?

"For the rest of his life."

The nurse at an ambulatory clinic has seen several clients with suspected or confirmed infectious diseases in recent days. Which client is most likely to benefit from the administration of an immune serum.

A client who is known to have contracted hepatitis B from sexual activity

A client comes to the emergency room complaining of abdominal pain, fever, chills, and nausea. Upon further examination the client is diagnosed with appendicitis. What type of illness does the nurse identify this client to have?

Acute

Which assessment finding should alert the nurse to suspect appendicitis in a male adolescent reporting severe abdominal pain?

Bowel sounds are heard twice in 2 minutes.

The unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) reports to the registered nurse (RN) that a client admitted with pneumonia is very diaphoretic. The nurse reviews the following vital signs in the medical record obtained by the UAP. What should the nurse do? Select all that apply.

Check the urine output. Ask the client to drink more fluids. Notify the health care provider (HCP). Administer acetaminophen as prescribed.

A patient is admitted to the hospital with a possible common bile duct obstruction. What clinical manifestations does the nurse understand are indicators of this problem? (Select all that apply.)

Clay-colored feces Pruritus Jaundice

A client is being treated for viral pneumonia. What assessment data suggests to the nurse that the treatment is effective? (Select all that apply.)

Client is ambulating in the hall with family Respirations are 18 breaths per minute at rest Breath sounds are normal Temperature is 98.2 degrees F.

Pyrazinamide should be used cautiously in which of the following clients? Select all that apply.

Clients with diabetes Clients with hepatic impairment Clients with renal impairment Clients with HIV infection

The nurse assesses a patient with pneumonia and notes bronchial breath sounds over consolidated lung areas. Which of the following breath sounds are diagnostic for pneumonia? Select all that apply.

Crackles Egophony Whispered pectoriloquy Percussion dullness

Which of the following are common adverse reactions to rifampin (Rifadin) that the nurse should share with the client? Select all that apply.

Discoloration of body fluids Vertigo Nausea Rash

A client is prescribed amantadine to prevent influenza A. The nurse should monitor the client for which adverse effects? (Select all that apply.)

Dizziness Peripheral edema

A preschooler has celiac disease. Her mother is preparing a gluten-free diet. The nurse knows that the mother understands the diet when she prepares which breakfast foods?

Eggs and orange juice

The nurse is caring for a postpartum client. Which of the following are appropriate nursing interventions for the prevention of a urinary tract infection (UTI)? Select all that apply.

Encourage the client to drink at least eight 8-ounce glasses of water daily. Encourage the client to empty her bladder completely every 2-4 hours.

Which adolescent symptoms are indicative of a reactivation of a secondary tuberculosis? Select all that apply.

Fever Night sweats 6 month weight loss of 8 pounds

A nurse is to administer a viral vaccine. A vaccine for what would be appropriate?

Hepatitis A

Upon assessment of an older adult, the nurse notes the client's skin to have a yellow color. The nurse recognizes and documents this skin color as which of the following?

Jaundice

A positive Rovsing's sign is indicative of appendicitis. A nurse knows to assess for this indicator by palpating the:

Left lower quadrant.

The nursing assessment reveals reduced fremitus. This manifestation is consistent with which conditions? Select all that apply.

Left-sided heart failure Pneumonia Pulmonary edema Bronchial obstruction

The nurse is catheterizing a male urinary bladder, and urine leaks out of the meatus around the catheter. What actions would the nurse perform next? (Select all that apply.)

Make sure the smallest sized catheter with a 10-mL balloon is used. Consider an evaluation for urinary tract infection. Ensure that the correct amount of solution was used to inflate the balloon.

The nurse admits a woman who is 8 weeks postpartum. The client presents with reports of severe right upper quadrant pain that radiates to her back. She states she just finished eating Thanksgiving dinner earlier that evening. The nurse suspects gallbladder disease. Statistics show that incidence of gallbladder disease is greater for women who are which of the following? Select all that apply.

Multiparous Obese

The nurse working in the ED is evaluating a client for signs and symptoms of appendicitis. Which of the client's signs/symptoms should the nurse report to the physician?

Nausea

A nurse is caring for older adult clients in an assisted living facility. Which lifespan considerations does the nurse identify that should be applied to practice when caring for this population? Select all that apply.

Older men may experience urinary hesitancy and difficulty starting the urinary stream. Older adults may try to manage incontinence by restricting intake of fluids. Because of decreased arterial perfusion, kidney function progressively decreases later in life.

Clients taking isoniazid (INH) can experience a variety of adverse reactions but should be monitored carefully for which of the following that indicate toxicity? Select all that apply

Peripheral neuropathy Jaundice

A client has been admitted with a chronic cough, progressive weight loss, and a positive tuberculin skin test. Which of the following isolation precautions are appropriate for the nurse to follow? Select all that apply.

Place a mask on the client when transporting to radiology. Wear a disposable mask when in the client's room.

When providing care for a client hospitalized with acute pancreatitis who has acute abdominal pain, which nursing interventions would be most appropriate for this client? Select all that apply.

Place the client in a side-lying position. Monitor the client's respiratory status. Obtain daily weights.

The nurse is reviewing a client's urine culture and sensitivity test results. Which findings would the nurse expect to see in small amounts in normal urine? Select all that apply.

Protein. White blood cells.

Which of the following are teaching points the nurse can use to increase client compliance in tubercular drug treatment programs? Select all that apply.

Reinforce that short-term treatment is ineffective. Review the drug therapy regimen, including the prescribed drug, doses, and frequency of administration. Arrange for direct observation therapy with the client and family. Instruct client about possible adverse reactions and the need to notify prescriber should any

An older adult patient who is postmenopausal informs the nurse that she believes she has developed another urinary tract infection (UTI). The nurse understands that postmenopausal females are at greater risk for UTIs. What risk factors do female patients in this age group have? (Select all that apply.)

Residual urine Urinary incontinence Estrogen deficiency

A client is diagnosed with gallstones in the bile ducts. The nurse knows to review the results of blood work for a

Serum bilirubin level greater than 1.0 mg/dL

Which is the most common report by clients with pancreatitis?

Severe, radiating abdominal pain

The nurse is collecting data for a child with idiopathic celiac disease. The caregiver tells the nurse that her child has bulky and greasy stools. The nurse recognizes that the child has:

Steatorrhea

A child with Kawasaki disease is receiving low dose aspirin. The mother calls the clinic and states that the child has been exposed to influenza. Which recommendations should the nurse make? Select all that apply.

Stop the aspirin. Watch for fever.

An older client doesn't understand why advancing age increases susceptibility to illness. What will be included in the nurse's explanation? Select all that apply.

The body's number of T-cell lymphocytes decreases with age. The amount of antibody produced in response to most foreign antigens decreases with age.

A group of nurses who work at a large, long-term care facility have become embroiled in controversy over a large number of residents who are refusing a seasonal influenza vaccination. Specifically, there is controversy around the appropriate amount of influence that nurses can exercise when encouraging residents to become immunized. A teleological perspective on this issue would prioritize what consideration?

The greatest good for the greatest number

Nursing students are reviewing the various infectious diseases that require transmission-based precautions. The students demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which infectious disease as requiring airborne precautions?

Tuberculosis

Sulfonamides are commonly used to treat which of the following types of infections? Select all that apply.

Ulcerative colitis Urinary tract infection Acute otitis media

Cephalosporins are used to treat which of the following infections? Select all that apply.

Urinary tract infections Bone infections Skin infections Nosocomial pneumonias

Fluoroquinolones are primarily used to treat which of the following infections? Select all that apply.

Urinary tract infections Sexually transmitted infections Bone and joint infections Skin infections

The nurse is caring for a client with tuberculosis. Which precautions should the nurse take when providing care for this client? Select all that apply.

Wear gloves when handling tissues containing sputum. Wear a face mask at all times. Wash hands after direct contact with the client or contaminated articles.

When developing the plan of care for a school-age child with a suspected diagnosis of appendicitis who is reporting severe abdominal pain, which measure should the nurse expect to include in the child's plan of care?

application of an ice bag

The nurse has administered a client's annual influenza vaccination. Over the next several days, the client's immune system will:

begin to synthesize and release IgM from B cells

What are contributing causes to pericarditis? Select all that apply.

cardiac surgery tuberculosis myocarditis chest trauma

A group of nursing students are reviewing information about viral infections. They demonstrate understanding of the information when they identify which as being caused by a virus? Select all that apply.

common cold wart influenza hepatitis C

When inspecting the skin of a patient, the nurse notes a bluish tinge to the skin. What condition would the nurse document?

cyanosis

A mother brings her 4-month-old infant to the clinic for a wellness checkup. Which immunizations should the infant receive? Select all that apply.

diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis (DTaP) inactivated polio virus (IPV) rotavirus (RV) haemophilus influenzae type B (Hib) pneumococcal (PCV)

An 18-month-old child with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is seen in the clinic for health maintenance. Which vaccines should the nurse anticipate administering to this toddler? Select all that apply.

diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis influenza vaccine inactivated poliovirus vaccine

Drugs used to combat influenza and respiratory viruses act to inhibit viral DNA replication.

false

A nurse is preparing to administer a fluoroquinolone. Which infections are treated with fluoroquinolones? Select all that apply.

skin infections urinary tract infections sexually transmitted disease

Influenza, an annual epidemic in the U.S., creates a significant increase in hospitalizations and an rise in the death rates from pneumonia and cardiovascular disease. Besides death, what is the most serious complication of influenza?

staphylococcal pneumonia

A client is taking oral amoxicillin to treat otitis media for the past 6 days. The client has told the nurse that "my ear is now back to normal" and asks about stopping the antibiotics. How should the nurse respond?

"That's excellent that you're feeling better, but it's important to keep taking the antibiotics until they're all finished." Chapter 9: Antibiotics - Page 108

If treatment fails, retreatment is necessary. Which of the following drugs are used in retreatment of tuberculosis? Select all that apply:

Ethionamide (Trecator) Aminosalicylic acid (Paser) Cycloserine (Seromycin) Capreomycin (Capastat)

An older adult client comes to the clinic for his yearly influenza vaccination. During the visit he asks the nurse, "I've heard about this other vaccine for pneumococcal pneumonia. How often do I need to get this vaccine?" The nurse would encourage the client to receive this vaccination at which frequency?

Every 5 years

Parents are asking about the signs and symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI). What possible signs or symptoms should the nurse include in the response? Select all that apply.

dysuria vomiting diarrhea abdominal pain fever

A typical sign/symptom of appendicitis is:

nausea.

A child, age 5, takes amoxicillin trihydrate orally three times per day to treat otitis media. For the most accurate calculation of a safe dosage, the nurse should use:

the child's body surface area.

The nurse is working in a clinic which is providing the annual influenza A vaccine for staff and residents of a large long-term care facility. For which client would the vaccine most likely be unsafe?

A resident who received four units of packed red blood cells for a gastrointestinal bleed three weeks ago

A client admitted with severe epigastric abdominal pain radiating to the back is vomiting and reports difficulty breathing. Upon assessment, the nurse determines that the client is experiencing tachycardia and hypotension. Which actions are priority interventions for this client? Select all that apply.

Administer pain-relieving medication Administer electrolytes Administer plasma Assist the client to a semi-Fowler position

Antiviral therapy for influenza is being administered within your long-term care facility; it commenced about 3 weeks ago. The nurse would monitor for which adverse effects? (Select all that apply.)

Anorexia Nausea

Tuberculosis responses well to long-term treatment with a combination of three or more antitubercular drugs. Which is true regarding the duration of treatment for clients with tuberculosis? (Select all that apply.)

The initial treatment phase should last for a minimum of two months. The continuation treatment phase should last for four to seven months. Prophylactic treatment should be given for six to 12 months.

A mother asks the nurse why her 12-month-old baby gets otitis media more frequently than her 10-year-old son. What should the nurse tell her?

"The baby's eustachian tubes are shorter and lie more horizontally."

The nurse is providing education to a senior circle group during an active flu season about the differences between viruses and bacteria. What statments made by the attendees indicates that the education has been effective? Select all that apply.

"There are some Immunizations that are available for select viruses. "There are some viruses that may be associated with cancers." "The virus enters the host cell's metabolism and replicates itself"

The nurse enters her client's room and finds the infant on a pillow with a bottle propped up while the mother is dressing. What statement should the nurse make?

"You should always hold your baby for feedings instead of propping the bottles."

A nurse admits a pediatric client weighing 11.6 kg at the time of surgery for appendicitis. The nurse reviews the unit's standing prescription for IV fluids rates (see exhibit). At what hourly rate would the nurse set the IV pump? Record your answer as a whole number.

45 The nurse must first calculate the daily fluid requirements for a client weighing 11.6 kg. The daily maintenance fluid volume is divided by 24 hours.

A client has been brought into the ED via ambulance, reporting acute generalized abdominal pain, nausea, fever, and constipation. The healthcare provider suspects appendicitis, but testing has not been performed yet to make a definitive diagnosis. What will the nurse most likely do while initially caring for this client?

Explain to the client why analgesics are being withheld.