Immunohematology/Bloodbanking (Chapter 2, 4, and 5)

A gene that does not express a detectable product

Amorphic genes

Equal expression of two different inherited genes as in most blood group systems

Codominant genes

When two genes are close together on the same chromosome and are inherited as a "group" or "bundle"

Haplotyes

When a gene product is expressed only when it is inherited by both parents

Recessive

which of the following clinical applications applies to molecular testing for blood group antigens? a) All of the above b) identity fetus at risk for HDFN c) Predict the phenotype of a patient with autoimmune hemolytic anemia d) confirm the D type of blood donors

a) All of the above

given the following ABO phenotyping data: Forward/Reverse Anti-A: 2+mf/A1 cells:0 Anti B:0/ B cell:3+ What could be a plausible explanation for this discrepancy? a) Group O blood products given to group A b) Positive direct anti globulin test c) rouleaux formation d) t-activation of red cells

a) Group O blood products given to group A

Group O- match the immunodominant sugar that corresponds to the ABO system group or antigen a) L-fucose b) N-acetylgalactosamine c) D- galactose d) none of the above

a) L-fucose

H antigen- match the immunodominant sugar that corresponds to the ABO system group or antigen a) L-fucose b) N-acetylgalactosamine c) D- galactose d) none of the above

a) L-fucose

Which ABO phenotype selection contains the most H antigen and the least H antigen, respectively, on the red cell's surface? a) O, A1B b) A2, A1B c) B,A d) A1B,O

a) O,A1B

When using the Hardy-Weinberg equation to calculate genetic frequencies, which of the following must be true? a) all of the above are true b) mutations cannot occur c) mating must be random d) the population statistics must be large

a) all of the above are true

select the substance that regulates the activity of the other cells by binding to specific receptors. a) cytokines b) anaphylatoxin c) immunoglobulins d) compliment

a) cytokines

Imparts flexibility to the immunoglobulin molecule a) hinge region b) kappa c) idiotype d) isotype e)epitope

a) hinge region

In relationship testing a "direct exclusion"is established when a genetic marker is: a) present in the child but absent in both the mother and the alleged father b) present in the child, absent in the mother, and present in the alleged father c) absent in the child, present in the mother, and the alleged father d) absent in the child, present in the mother, and absent in the alleged father

a) present in the child but absent in both the mother and the alleged father

mitosis results in __________ chromosomes as the original. a) two cells with the same number of b) two cells with half as many c) four cells with half as many d) four cells with the same number of

a) two cells with the same number of

What is the meaning of the term Autosomal? a) A trait that is carried on the sex chromosome b) A trait that is not carried on the sex chromosomes c) A gene that does not express a characteristic d) A gene that is expressed only in the parents

b) A trait that is not carried on the sex chromosomes

Group A- match the immunodominant sugar that corresponds to the ABO system group or antigen a) L-fucose b) N-acetylgalactosamine c) D- galactose d) none of the above

b) N-acetylgalactosamine

In a serologic test, the term prozone is also known as: a) equivalence b) antibody excess c) serum to cell ratio d) antigen excess

b) antibody excess

One of the two types of light chains a) hinge region b) kappa c) idiotype d) isotype e)epitope

b) kappa

which if the following will cause an antigen to elicit a greater immune response? a) similarity to the host b) size greater than 10,000 daltons c) small antigen size d) composed largely of carbohydrates

b) size greater than 10,000 daltons

Group B- match the immunodominant sugar that corresponds to the ABO system group or antigen a) L-fucose b) N-acetylgalactosamine c) D- galactose d) none of the above

c) D- galactose

select the portion of the antibody molecule that imparts the antibodies unique class function. a) variable region of the heavy chain b) variable region of the light chain c) constant region of the heavy chain d) constant region of the light chain

c) constant region of the heavy chain

when testing for the A antigen in a patient, what would you use to perform the test? a) commercial a cells and anti a b) patients plasma and commercial A red cells c) patients red cells and anti A d) none of the above

c) patients red cells and anti A

In the PCR reaction, what is the term used for the short pieces of single-stranded DNA that are complementary and mark the sequence to be amplified? a) polymerases b) nucleotides c) primers d) amplicons

c) primers

A blood sample from a 90 year old man was submitted to the blood bank for a type and screen before surgery. The forward type demonstrates as a group A, whereas the reverse type appears to be group AB. What is the most likely cause of this discrepancy? a) That the patient has auto antibodies b) rouleaux formation c) that patient has low-titer isoagglutinins d) contaminated reagent antisera

c) that patient has low-titer isoagglutinins

Variable region of an immunoglobulin a) hinge region b) kappa c) idiotype d) isotype e)epitope

c)idiotype

what percentage of the group a population are type A2? a) 10% b) 35% c) 1% d) 20%

d) 20%

approximately what is the percentage of individuals who demonstrate H in their saliva? a) 98% b) 50% c) 15% d) 80%

d) 80%

Which of the following components in the complement cascade mediates the lysis of the target cells? a) C3a and C3b b) C1qrs c) C4a, C3a, and C5a d) C5 to C9

d) C5 to C9

A father carries the Xga blood group trait and passes it on to all of his daughters but to none of his sons. What type of inheritance pattern does this demonstrate? a) X-linked recessive b) Autosomal recessive c) Autosomal dominant d) X-linked dominant

d) X-linked dominant

According to Landsteiner's rule, what ABO antibody will be detected in a group A individual's serum? a) anti-a b) none c) anti-a,b d) anti b

d) anti-b

what process is described by opsonization? a) ingestion of cells b) lysis of cells c) phagocytosis d) binding to cells or antigens

d) binding to cells or antigens

The type of immunoglobulins determined by the heavy chain a) hinge region b) kappa c) idiotype d) isotype e)epitope

d) isotype

predict the agglutination reaction of red cells from a bombay phenotype when combined with anti-h lectin. a) mixed field b) strong 4+ c) Weak 1+ d) neagative

d) neagative

bombay- match the immunodominant sugar that corresponds to the ABO system group or antigen a) L-fucose b) N-acetylgalactosamine c) D- galactose d) none of the above

d) none of the above

Part of the antigen that the immunoglobulin binds to a) hinge region b) kappa c) idiotype d) isotype e)epitope

e) epitope

Having two or more alleles at a given gene locus

polymorphic