Important Nobel Prize Laureates 1901-1960

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van't Hoff, Henry

1901 - Chemistry - His work showed that very dilute solutions follow mathematical laws that closely resemble the laws describing the behavior of gases.

Prudhomme, Sully

1901 - Literature - His work won the prize for its "lofty idealism", Famous works: "Stances et Poèmes" (Stanzas and Poems) and Le Vase Brisé

von Behring, Emil

1901 - Medicine - He created an diphtheria antitoxin, saving the lives of many children

Dunant, Henry

1901 - Peace - Created the Red Cross, Shared first Peace Prize

Passy, Frédéric

1901 - Peace - Founder of the French Peace Society and free trade advocate, Shared first Peace Prize

Röentgen, Wilhelm

1901 - Physics - Discovered X-Rays

Mommsen, Theodore

1902 - Literature - Wrote "A History of Rome"

Ross, Sir Ronald

1902 - Medicine - Discovered Malaria was transmitted by Mosquito

Curie, Marie (1903)

1903 - Physics - Awarded for her help with researching newly discovered radioactivity

Curie, Pierre

1903 - Physics - Awarded for his help on researching newly discovered radioactivity

Becquerel, Henri

1903 - Physics - Discovered Radioactivity

Ramsay, Sir William

1904 - Chemistry - Discovered the Noble Gases

Pavlov, Ivan

1904 - Medicine - For his pioneering of classical conditioning

Koch, Robert

1905 - Medicine - Identified the specific causative agents of Tuberculosis

Golgi, Camillo

1906 - Medicine - Studied the nervous system. Has a namesake organelle

Theodore Roosevelt

1906 - Peace - Brokered the end of the Russo-Japanese War

Thomson, J.J.

1906 - Physics - Discovered the first subatomic particle

Rudyard Kipling

1907 - Literature - Famous Author of the Jungle Book

Albert Michelson

1907 - Physics - Measured the Speed of light

Marie Curie (1911)

1911 - Chemistry - Discovered the elements radium and polonium, other work with radium

Elihu Root

1912 - Peace - Secretary of State under Teddy Roosevelt, Secretary of War under Roosevelt and McKinley

The Red Cross

1917/1944 - Peace - International organization that provides aid. Based in Geneva, Switzerland and easily recognizable by its logo, which it is a war crime to imitate

Max Planck

1918 - Physics - Originator of Quantum theory. Perhaps most recognizable today for his namesake length, about 10^(-20) times the diameter of a proton

Woodrow Wilson

1919 - Peace - For peace-making efforts during World War I

Albert Einstein

1921 - Physics - For his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect, not for his controversial at the time theory of general relativity

W. B. Yeats

1923 - Literature - Irish Poet perhaps best known for his work: "The Second Coming"

Frederick Banting

1923 - Medicine - For his part in discovering insulin

John Macleod

1923 - Medicine - For his part in discovering insulin. Originally a controversial pick since Banting greatly downplayed his role in the discovery

George Bernard Shaw

1925 - Literature - Famous Playwright who wrote Pygmalion

Frank Kellogg

1929 - Peace - US Secretary of state who was awarded because of their work on the ______-Briand Pact, which effectively made war illegal

Sinclair Lewis

1930 - Literature - American writer known for his critical views of capitalism and materialism. Author of "Babbitt"

Jane Addams

1931 - Peace - She is notable for her work in women's suffrage, and for co-founding the Hull House

Werner Heisenberg

1932 - Physics - A German innovator in quantum mechanics. Discoverer of his namesake uncertainty principle

Erwin Schrodinger

1933 - Physics - Developed a number of fundamental results in the field of quantum theory. Famous for observing (or not observing) a (dead) cat

James Chadwick

1935 - Physics - For discovering the Neutron

Eugene O'Neill

1936 - Literature - Wrote "A Long Day's Journey Into Night"

Enrico Fermi

1938 - Physics - Known as the "Architect of the Nuclear Age". He created the first Nuclear Reactor: Chicago Pile-1

Otto Hahn

1944 - Chemistry - Discovered Nuclear Fission

Alexander Fleming

1945 - Medicine - Discovered Penicillin

Cordell Hull

1945 - Peace - "The father of the United Nations." Was Secretary of State for FDR during WWII

Herman Hesse

1946 - Literature - Famous American Author best known for Steppenwolf and Siddhartha

T. S. Eliot

1948 - Literature - Poet and Playwright best known for The Waste Land

William Faulkner

1949 - Literature - American author of "The Sound and the Fury", "Absolom, Absolom!", among others

John Cockcroft and Ernest Walton

1951 - Physics - Split the atom for the first time

Winston Churchill

1953 - Literature - British Prime minister who's most famous works were his six-volume memoir The Second World War and A History of the English-Speaking Peoples; a four-volume history covering the period from Caesar's invasions of Britain to the beginning of the First World War

George Marshall

1953 - Peace - Chief of Staff under FDR and Truman, and Sec. of State under Truman. Advocated a significant U.S. economic and political commitment to post-war European recovery, including his namesake plan

Ernest Hemingway

1954 - Literature - American author known for "For Whom the Bell Tolls", "The Old Man and the Sea", and more

John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley

1956 - Physics - They received the award for discovering the transistor.

Albert Camus

1957 - Literature - Author of "The Stranger"

Emilio Segre and Owen Chamberlain

1959 - Physics - Discovered the antiproton while working with particle accelerators and annihilating particles


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