Industrialization

Sweatshops

A factory or workshop, especially in the clothing industry, where manual workers are employed at very low wages for long hours and under poor conditions. Products were made for peoples homes. A clothing manufacturer would give them the fabric, but the workers had to provide the sewing machines and tools. Multiple people would get together in one room, in which they lived in to make the clothing. They got paid by the number of piece they would make.

Strikes

A refusal to work organized by a body of employees as a form of protest, typically in an attempt to gain a concession or concessions from their employer.

Definition of tenements

A room or a set of rooms forming a separate residence within a house or block of apartments.

Industrial growth definition

A sector of the economy experiencing a higher-than-average growth rate.

The American Federation of Labor

Also known as AFL, was another union organized by cigar-maker Samuel Gompers in 1886. This union was based on the same skilled individuals. With being in his union, skilled workers started getting shorter working hours and better pay.

Labor unions

Are an organized association of workers, often in a trade or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests. Their rights and interests were mainly based on working conditions, wages, and benefits of the workers. When getting given demands from employers, a group of people is stronger than a few individuals. The group efforts came to be known collective bargaining. The workers would agree to strike, which would mean the factory would shut down until their demands were met.

Working in the factories

By the 1900, 5.3 million people began working in these factories. It was dangerous with all the heavy, and fast moving machines. These workers received no payment if injured on the job, which the typical worker would put in a average of 12 hours 6 days a week. Wages averaged out to 3 dollars to 12 dollars a week. The workers, even though they work so hard, don't receive no vacations, sick days, and no unemployment compensation.

The Development of large cities

Commerce, industry, immigration, and improved transportation all contributed to make larger cities, such as New York and Chicago. North America grew during the World War 1. More than a million African Americans migrated north, in the 1920's, which was knows as The Great Migration. Industries had many job offers, but fewer immigrants were able to fill them because of laws passed after the World War II. The growth of African Americans caused problems like overcrowding. Problems developed in poor, urban neighborhoods which is still a issue till this day. Lacking basic needs due to overcrowding for healthy living was a issue because many people were packed into tenements.

Improving manufacturing

In 1790's Eli Whitney had two specific ideas for improving manufacturing. Workers should make parts of an item by machine. Items were slightly different, but copies of a machine-made part is nearly the same. A worker didn't have to make each part to fit the one item. This made it possible and easier for workers to quickly make any copies of each item. His manufacturing approach is refined by giving each worker just one step in the assembly line. Which helped make the U.S. the world's leading manufacturer of goods by the end of the 1800's.

Monopolies

Is the exclusive possession or control of the supply or trade in a commodity or service. In 1914, congress passed the Clayton Act. The Clayton Act. declared that unions were not monopolies. Until the National Labor Relations Act in 1935; workers then gained legal rights to join unions and be apart of collective bargaining with employers.

How the industrial grows

It required people who finances and organizes businesses and factories. With some people short of money income they joined together to make organizations, also called corporations. With corporations they could raise money quicker to reduce financial risk to the people involved. They sold stocks to stockholders to raise money, if they made money on their sales. Corporations could take advantage of natural resources found over the U.S. Using their new machinery, railroads, and power sources.

The Knights of Labor

Let by Terence Powderly, which was organized into separate unions for each industry. Skilled and unskilled workers belonged in the same union. In between 1880 and 1886 the industry grew from 10,000 to 700,000 workers. They called for higher wages, an eight hour workday, and to end child labor. Which resulted in suffering with unsuccessful strikes. That then led to the bombing in 1886. By the 1890's the Knights had been overshadowed by the American Federation of Labor.

Honest or shady industrialists

Most were honest and public-spirited citizens, but some were using shady practices and mistreated others to make themselves richer. John D. Rockefeller use shady practices to dominate the oil-refining industry. Sometimes he sold his oil for less than it cost to make it. If someone refuses to sell his company to him he would drive them out of business by undercutting prices. Other ways some industries expanded was by forming trusts.

"Light" industries

Produced small and light weighted things, like textiles, clothing, and leather goods. Also, produced NATURAL RESOURCES like grain and lumber.

Definition of stock, and stockholders

Stock is the goods or merchandise kept on the premises of a business or warehouse and available for sale or distribution. A stockholder is also called a shareholder.

After the Civil War

Technology heightened which made it possible for new and strong materials to be made, like steel. Electrical systems were also developed, which made the economy grow. Trolley cars, and telegraphs made cities grow as well. Electric lighting and easy transportation increased working hours in business and industries.

Collective bargaining

The negotiation of wages and other conditions of employment by an organized body of employees.

Definition of industrialization.

The process in which a society or country (or world) transforms itself from a primarily agricultural society into one based on the manufacturing of goods and services. Individual manual labor is often replaced by mechanized mass production and craftsmen are replaced by assembly lines.

Acceptance of jobs

These individuals had to accept these work conditions or they'd lose their jobs. Which then made people band together against factory owners and formed labor unions.